Editing Luxembourg (section)

=== Communications ===
{{Main|Telecommunications in Luxembourg}}
The [[telecommunications industry]] in Luxembourg is liberalized and the electronic communications networks are significantly developed. Competition between the different operators is guaranteed by the legislative framework Paquet Telecom<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.legilux.public.lu/leg/a/archives/2011/0043/2011A0610A.html |title=Legilux – Réseaux et services de communications électroniques |publisher=Legilux.public.lu |access-date=2 April 2015 |archive-date=13 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160913181241/http://www.legilux.public.lu/leg/a/archives/2011/0043/2011A0610A.html }}</ref> of the Government of 2011 which transposes the European Telecom Directives into Luxembourgish law. This encourages the investment in networks and services. The regulator ILR – Institut Luxembourgeois de Régulation<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ilr.public.lu/communications_electroniques/index.html |title=Institut Luxembourgeois de Régulation – Communications électroniques |publisher=Ilr.public.lu |access-date=2 April 2015 |archive-date=21 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150321091649/http://www.ilr.public.lu/communications_electroniques/index.html }}</ref> ensures the compliance to these legal rules.{{Citation needed|date=December 2020}}

Luxembourg has modern and widely deployed optical fibre and cable networks throughout the country. In 2010, the Luxembourg Government launched its National strategy for very high-speed networks with the aim to become a global leader in terms of very high-speed broadband by achieving full 1&nbsp;Gbit/s coverage of the country by 2020.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mediacom.public.lu/institutions/Institutions_nationales/smc/20100309_ngn/index.html |title=Service des médias et des communications (SMC) – gouvernement.lu // L'actualité du gouvernement du Luxembourg |publisher=Mediacom.public.lu |access-date=2 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140820165423/http://www.mediacom.public.lu/institutions/Institutions_nationales/smc/20100309_ngn/index.html |archive-date=20 August 2014 }}</ref> In 2011, Luxembourg had an [[Next-generation access|NGA]] coverage of 75%.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ec.europa.eu/information_society/newsroom/cf/dae/document.cfm?action=display&doc_id=1102 |title=Study on broadband coverage 2011. Retrieved on 25 January 2013. |access-date=7 October 2013 |archive-date=10 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130510004346/http://ec.europa.eu/information_society/newsroom/cf/dae/document.cfm?action=display&doc_id=1102 |url-status=live }}</ref> In April 2013, Luxembourg featured the sixth highest download speed worldwide and the second highest in Europe: 32,46&nbsp;Mbit/s.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.netindex.com |title=Household Download Index. Retrieved on 9 April 2013 |publisher=Netindex.com |date=6 April 2011 |access-date=7 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150529015231/http://www.netindex.com/ |archive-date=29 May 2015 }}</ref> The country's location in Central Europe, stable economy and low taxes favour the telecommunication industry.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bed.public.lu/publications/eurohub.pdf |title=Eurohub Luxembourg – putting Europe at your fingertips |access-date=19 February 2010 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081119195535/http://www.bed.public.lu/publications/eurohub.pdf |archive-date=19 November 2008 }}. Ministry of Economy and Foreign Trade of Luxembourg. August 2008</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amcham.lu/publications/why-luxembourg/|title=Why Luxembourg? – AMCHAM|access-date=19 December 2019|archive-date=19 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219105240/https://www.amcham.lu/publications/why-luxembourg/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://newdelhi.mae.lu/en/content/download/23985/164837/file/Financial%20Express%20special%20issue%20on%20Luxembourg.pdf |date=23 June 2009 |title=Financial express special issue on Luxembourg |access-date=13 August 2010 |archive-date=30 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120330145935/http://newdelhi.mae.lu/en/content/download/23985/164837/file/Financial%20Express%20special%20issue%20on%20Luxembourg.pdf }}</ref>

It ranks second in the world in the development of the Information and Communication Technologies in the ITU ICT Development Index and 8th in the Global Broadband Quality Study 2009 by the [[University of Oxford]] and the [[University of Oviedo]].<ref>{{cite web |author=pressinfo |url=http://www.itu.int/newsroom/press_releases/2010/08.html |title=Press Release: New ITU report shows global uptake of ICTs increasing, prices falling |publisher=Itu.int |date=23 February 2010 |access-date=23 April 2010 |archive-date=2 May 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100502113025/http://www.itu.int/newsroom/press_releases/2010/08.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bed.public.lu/key_sectors/ecommerce_and_media/itu_ict_survey/index.html |title=Luxembourg ranks on the top in the ITU ICT survey}}{{dead link|date=June 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.socsci.ox.ac.uk/news_archive/archived/global_broadband_quality_improves_but_uk_is_lagging |title=Global Broadband Quality Study |publisher=Socsci.ox.ac.uk |access-date=2 April 2015 }}{{Dead link|date=December 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sbs.ox.ac.uk/newsandevents/Documents/BQS%202009%20final.pdf |title=Global Broadband Quality Study Shows Progress, Highlights Broadband Quality Gap |access-date=13 August 2010 |work=Said Business School, University of Oxford |archive-date=12 January 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110112151228/http://www.sbs.ox.ac.uk/newsandevents/Documents/BQS%202009%20final.pdf }}</ref>

[[File:Centre Drosbach Luxembourg Signs - June 2012.jpg|thumb|Signs in front of the [[Centre Drosbach]] near the Cloche d'Or, in the city of [[Luxembourg City|Luxembourg]]]]
Luxembourg is connected to all major European Internet Exchanges (AMS-IX Amsterdam,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ams-ix.net/ |title=ams-ix.net |publisher=ams-ix.net |access-date=7 October 2013 |archive-date=7 December 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061207033041/http://www.ams-ix.net/about/photo-gallery/ |url-status=live }}</ref> DE-CIX Frankfurt,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.de-cix.net/ |title=de-cix.net |publisher=de-cix.net |access-date=7 October 2013 |archive-date=30 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130930201218/http://www.de-cix.net/ |url-status=live }}</ref> LINX London),<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.linx.net/ |title=linx.net |publisher=linx.net |access-date=7 October 2013 |archive-date=5 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005122606/https://www.linx.net/ |url-status=live }}</ref> datacenters and POPs through redundant optical networks.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.luxembourgforict.lu/en/it-business-environment/infrastructure/index.html |title=ICT Business Environment in Luxembourg |publisher=Luxembourgforict.lu |access-date=13 August 2010 |archive-date=25 June 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090625071530/http://www.luxembourgforict.lu/en/it-business-environment/infrastructure/index.html }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nasscom.in/upload/GTD/Luxembourg_for_ICT.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721163039/http://www.nasscom.in/upload/GTD/Luxembourg_for_ICT.pdf |archive-date=21 July 2011 |author=Tom Kettels |date=15 May 2009 |title=ICT And E-Business – Be Global from Luxembourg |access-date=13 August 2010 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pwc.com/lu/en/invest-in-luxembourg/publications.jhtml |title=PricewaterhouseCoopers Invest in Luxembourg |publisher=Pwc.com |access-date=13 August 2010 |archive-date=12 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110512013304/http://www.pwc.com/lu/en/invest-in-luxembourg/publications.jhtml }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.teralink.lu/Why-Luxembourg |title=Why Luxembourg? A highly strategic position in the heart of Europe |publisher=teralink.lu |access-date=13 August 2010 |archive-date=11 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511150549/http://www.teralink.lu/Why-Luxembourg }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/icteye/DisplayCountry.aspx?code=LUX |title=ITU-T ICT Statistics: Luxembourg |publisher=Itu.int |access-date=13 August 2010 |archive-date=5 July 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160705061802/http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/icteye/DisplayCountry.aspx?code=LUX }}</ref> In addition, the country is connected to the virtual meetme room services (vmmr)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.telx.com/enewsletter/content1/telx_ancotel.pdf |title=Telx Partners with German Hub Provider ancotel to Provide Virtual Connections between U.S. and Europe |access-date=13 August 2010 |archive-date=21 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110221195440/http://www.telx.com/enewsletter/content1/telx_ancotel.pdf }}</ref> of the international data hub operator Ancotel.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ancotel.de/cms/front_content.php |title=Globale Rechenzentren &#124; Colocation mit niedrigen Latenzen für Finanzunternehmen, CDNs, Enterprises & Cloud-Netzwerke bei Equinix |publisher=Ancotel.de |access-date=2 April 2015 |language=de |archive-date=15 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110315073747/http://www.ancotel.de/cms/front_content.php }}</ref> This enables Luxembourg to interconnect with all major telecommunication operators<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ancotel.de/cms/front_content.php?idcat=16 |title=Ancotel – Telecommunication Operator References |publisher=Ancotel.de |access-date=13 August 2010 |archive-date=7 February 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207102029/http://www.ancotel.de/cms/front_content.php?idcat=16 }}</ref> and data carriers worldwide. The interconnection points are in Frankfurt, London, New York and Hong Kong.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.telx.com/enewsletter/content6/ancote_carriers_609.pdf |title=Networks Accessible in Frankfurt via the VMMR Solution offered by Telx/ancotel |access-date=13 August 2010 |archive-date=21 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110221195444/http://www.telx.com/enewsletter/content6/ancote_carriers_609.pdf }}</ref> Luxembourg has established itself as one of the leading [[financial technology]] (FinTech) hubs in Europe, with the Luxembourg government supporting initiatives like the Luxembourg House of Financial Technology.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ft.com/content/0e42aaaa-3587-11e7-99bd-13beb0903fa3 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/0e42aaaa-3587-11e7-99bd-13beb0903fa3 |archive-date=10 December 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Luxembourg's politicians pin economic hopes on fintech drive|date=23 June 2017|website=Financial Times|access-date=26 June 2018}}</ref>

Some 20 data centers<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ict.investinluxembourg.lu/ict/cb-richard-ellis-luxembourg-data-centres |title=European Datacentres: Luxembourg |publisher=Ict.luxembourg.lu |access-date=2 April 2015 |archive-date=8 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140708194621/http://ict.investinluxembourg.lu/ict/cb-richard-ellis-luxembourg-data-centres }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mediacom.public.lu/institutions/Institutions_nationales/smc/20100309_ngn/IDC_20White_20Paper_20-_20Luxembourg_20as_20a_20center_20for_20online_20and_20ICT_20business.pdf |title=Luxembourg as a Centre for Online and ICT Business (pdf). |publisher=SMediacom.public.lu |access-date=2 April 2015 |archive-date=25 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130925104703/http://www.mediacom.public.lu/institutions/Institutions_nationales/smc/20100309_ngn/IDC_20White_20Paper_20-_20Luxembourg_20as_20a_20center_20for_20online_20and_20ICT_20business.pdf }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tradeandinvest.lu/|title=Invest, Innovate, Export &#124; Luxembourg as a smart location for business|website=Trade and Invest|access-date=19 December 2019|archive-date=23 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191223211920/https://www.tradeandinvest.lu/|url-status=live}}</ref> are operating in Luxembourg. Six data centers are Tier IV Design certified: three of ebrc,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ebrc.lu/about-ebrc/datacenter-luxembourg-facilities.html |title=ebrc Datacenter Facilities |publisher=Ebrc.lu |access-date=2 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021071852/http://www.ebrc.lu/about-ebrc/datacenter-luxembourg-facilities.html |archive-date=21 October 2013 }}</ref> two of LuxConnect<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.luxconnect.lu/data-center-co-location-services/ict-campus-bettembourg-dc-11 |title=LuxConnect ICT campus Bettembourg DC 1.1 |publisher=Luxconnect.lu |access-date=2 April 2015 |archive-date=1 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501002548/http://www.luxconnect.lu/data-center-co-location-services/ict-campus-bettembourg-dc-11 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.luxconnect.lu/data-center-co-location-services/ict-campus-bissenroost-dc-2 |title=LuxConnect ICT campus Bissen/Roost DC 2 |publisher=Luxconnect.lu |access-date=2 April 2015 |archive-date=7 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150307215731/http://www.luxconnect.lu/data-center-co-location-services/ict-campus-bissenroost-dc-2 }}</ref> and one of European Data Hub.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://uptimeinstitute.com/TierCertification/allCertifications.php?page=1&ipp=All&clientId=85&countryName=&tierLevel= |title=Uptime Tier Certification |publisher=Uptimeinstitute.com |access-date=2 April 2015 |archive-date=6 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150506081911/http://uptimeinstitute.com/TierCertification/allCertifications.php?page=1&ipp=All&clientId=85&countryName=&tierLevel= }}</ref> In a survey on nine international data centers carried out in December 2012 and January 2013 and measuring availability (up-time) and performance (delay by which the data from the requested website was received), the top three positions were held by Luxembourg data centers.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ict.investinluxembourg.lu/ict/new-data-center-study-luxembourg-pole-position |title=New data center study: Luxembourg in pole position |publisher=Ict.luxembourg.lu |access-date=2 April 2015 |archive-date=4 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150504125848/http://ict.investinluxembourg.lu/ict/new-data-center-study-luxembourg-pole-position }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.soluxions-magazine.com/Luxembourg-en-pole-position_a2384.html |title=Soluxions magazine: Luxembourg en pole position |work=Soluxions magazine |publisher=Soluxions-magazine.com |access-date=2 April 2015 |archive-date=15 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130915050127/http://www.soluxions-magazine.com/Luxembourg-en-pole-position_a2384.html |last1=Rédaction |first1=La }}</ref>