Editing Long-distance running (section)

== The Effects of Super Shoes ==
Since 2016, carbon-plated shoes have affected elite record results.<ref name="WillwacherMaiHelwigHipperUtkuRobbin2024">{{Cite journal |last1=Willwacher |first1=Steffen |last2=Mai |first2=Patrick |last3=Helwig |first3=Janina |last4=Hipper |first4=Markus |last5=Utku |first5=Burkay |last6=Robbin |first6=Johanna |date=2024-02-08 |title=Does Advanced Footwear Technology Improve Track and Road Racing Performance? An Explorative Analysis Based on the 100 Best Yearly Performances in the World Between 2010 and 2022 |journal=Sports Medicine - Open |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=14 |doi=10.1186/s40798-024-00683-y |doi-access=free |issn=2198-9761|pmc=10853158 }}</ref> Shoes containing a rigid carbon plate ([[super shoes]]) have led runners to performance benefits of 5%, with some shoes returning up to 85% of energy previously lost at the beginning of a stride.<ref name="WillwacherMaiHelwigHipperUtkuRobbin2024" /> Super shoes have allowed athletes to record ever-increasing elite performances. One notable performance occurring in 2019 was [[Eliud Kipchoge|Eliud Kipchoges]] sub-2-hour marathon attempt. Wearing specially developed [[Nike, Inc.|Nike]] Alphafly shoes, Kipchoge would run a 1:59:40 marathon, breaking the world record with an unofficial clocking.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Fernandes |first1=G. D. |last2=Laureano Gandur |first2=Nazir |last3=Santos |first3=Dioser |last4=Maldonado |first4=Victor |date=2025-01-27 |title=The Sub 2-h Official Marathon is Possible: Developing a Drafting Strategy for a Historic Breakthrough in Sports |journal=Sports Medicine - Open |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=11 |doi=10.1186/s40798-024-00802-9 |doi-access=free |issn=2198-9761 |pmc=11772656 |pmid=39870919}}</ref> 

Record-breaking performances have become more common within long-distance running, with athletes able to get the most out of the technology available and current knowledge regarding training adaptations. Record improvements have increased since 2016, with some questioning performances and the possible effects of technological doping.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Muniz-Pardos |first1=Borja |last2=Sutehall |first2=Shaun |last3=Angeloudis |first3=Konstantinos |last4=Guppy |first4=Fergus M. |last5=Bosch |first5=Andrew |last6=Pitsiladis |first6=Yannis |date=2021-03-01 |title=Recent Improvements in Marathon Run Times Are Likely Technological, Not Physiological |journal=Sports Medicine |language=en |volume=51 |issue=3 |pages=371–378 |doi=10.1007/s40279-020-01420-7 |issn=1179-2035 |pmc=7805427 |pmid=33442838}}</ref> With long-distance running improvements at the elite level resulting from marginal gains and super shoes introducing around a 5% increase in performance and increased running economy over a long distance, percentage increases in performance can be felt and seen. Performances were called into question, and in 2021, [[World Athletics]] determined stricter regulations for shoes used in competition, with a limit of 20mm in stack height.<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Athletic Shoe rules by 2024: World Athletics |url=https://www.vakilpro.com/international-legal-news/new-athletic-shoe-rules-by-2024-world-athletics#:~:text=The%20athletes%20will%20not%20be,the%202024%20Diamond%20League%20season. |access-date=2025-04-02 |website=Vakilpro |language=en}}</ref> [[Super shoes]] have had a great impact on long-distance running, with elite runners able to get closer to world records never thought to be achievable, and amateur runners able to get closer to their own long-distance personal records while using [[super shoes]].