Editing Locative case (section)

==Uralic languages==
[[Proto-Uralic]] has been reconstructed with a single "state" or "stationary" locative case, with the ending ''*-na'' or ''*-nä'' in accordance with [[vowel harmony]]. In many of its descendants, additional locative cases were created by combining these endings with others.

===Inari Sami===
In [[Inari Sámi language|Inari Sami]], the locative suffix is -st.
* {{lang|smn|kielâ'''st'''}}, 'in the language'
* {{lang|smn|kieđa'''st'''}}, 'in the hand'

===Hungarian===
In the [[Hungarian language]], nine such cases exist, yet the name 'locative case' refers to a form ({{lang|hu|-t/-tt}}) used only in a few city/town names along with the [[inessive case]] or [[superessive case]]. It can also be observed in a few local adverbs and [[postposition]]s. It is no longer productive.

Examples:
* {{lang|hu|[[Győr|Győr'''ött''']]}} (also {{lang|hu|Győr'''ben'''}}), {{lang|hu|[[Pécs|Pécs'''ett''']]}} (also {{lang|hu|Pécs'''en'''}}), {{lang|hu|[[Vác|Vác'''ott''']]}} (also {{lang|hu|Vác'''on'''}}), {{lang|hu|[[Kaposvár|Kaposvár'''t''']]}} and {{lang|hu|Kaposvár'''ott'''}} (also {{lang|hu|Kaposvár'''on'''}}), {{lang|hu|[[Hódmezővásárhely|Vásárhely'''t''']]}} (also {{lang|hu|Vásárhely'''en'''}})
* {{lang|hu|i'''tt'''}} (here), {{lang|hu|o'''tt'''}} (there), {{lang|hu|imi'''tt'''}}, {{lang|hu|amo'''tt'''}} (there yonder), {{lang|hu|ala'''tt'''}} (under), {{lang|hu|fölö'''tt'''}} (over), {{lang|hu|közö'''tt'''}} (between/among), {{lang|hu|mögö'''tt'''}} (behind) etc.

The town/city name suffixes {{lang|hu|-ban/-ben}} are the inessive ones, and the {{lang|hu|-on/-en/-ön}} are the superessive ones.

===Finnic languages===
{{See also|Proto-Finnic locative system|Estonian locative system|Finnish locative system}}

In the [[Finnic languages]], the original Proto-Uralic locative became the [[essive case]], but is still found with a locative meaning in some fossilised expressions such as Finnish ''kotona'' "at home". Two new locative cases were created from the old locative:
* The inessive case referring to internal location (being inside), with the reconstructed [[Proto-Finnic]] ending ''*-ssa''/''*-ssä'' (from earlier ''*-s-na''/''*-s-nä'').
* The [[adessive case]] referring to external location (being on, at), with the reconstructed Proto-Finnic ending ''*-lla''/''*-llä'' (from earlier ''*-l-na''/''*-l-nä'').

These endings still survive as such in several Finnic languages including Finnish, but have been reduced to ''-s'' and ''-l'' in Estonian and some others.

The Finnic languages, like some Indo-European languages (Latin, Russian, Irish), do not normally use the verb ''to have'' to show possession. The adessive case and the verb ''to be'' is used instead, so that the combination literally means "on/at me is...". For example, ''I have a house'' in Estonian would be ''Mul on maja'' in which ''mul'' is in the adessive case, ''on'' is the third singular of ''to be'' (''is''), and ''maja'' is in nominative, not accusative. So ''maja'' is the subject, ''on'' is the verb and ''mul'' is the indirect object. This could be translated to English as ''At me is a house'' or ''A house is at me'' or ''There is a house at me''.