Editing List of popes (section)

==== 17th century ====
{{pope list begin|title=Popes of the 17th century}}
{{pope list item
| 232<br>[[File:C o a Medici popes.svg|40px]]
| [[March–April 1605 papal conclave|1 April 1605]] –<br>27 April 1605<br>{{small|({{Age in years and days|1605|04|01|1605|04|27}})}}
| [[File:Leo XI 2.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Pope Leo XI|Leo XI]]'''<br>{{small|'''LEO''' Undecimus}}
| Alessandro Ottaviano de' [[House of Medici|Medici]]
| 2 June 1535 Florence, [[Duchy of Florence]]
| 69 / 69
| Subject of the [[Duchy of Florence]]. Great-nephew of [[Pope Leo X|Leo X]]. Called the "Lightning Pope" (''Papa Lampo'') due to his brief pontificate.
}}
{{pope list item
| 233<br>[[File:C o a Paulus V.svg|40px]]
| [[May 1605 papal conclave|16 May 1605]] –<br>28 January 1621<br>{{small|({{Age in years and days|1605|05|16|1621|01|28}})}}
| [[File:Pope Paul V (cropped 2).jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Pope Paul V|Paul V]]'''<br>{{small|'''PAVLVS''' Quintus}}
| Camillo [[Borghese family|Borghese]]
| 17 September 1550 Rome, Papal States
| 54 / 70
| Motto: {{lang|la|Absit nisi in Te gloriari}} {{small|("May it be absent, except to glory in You")}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gcatholic.org/hierarchy/pope/PL5.htm |title=Pope Alexander VII (1655–1667) |publisher=GCatholic|access-date=1 April 2014|archive-date=2 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180702011155/http://www.gcatholic.org/hierarchy/pope/PL5.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
Subject and later the sovereign of the [[Papal States]]. Known for his various building projects, including the facade of [[St Peter's Basilica]]. Established the [[Bank of the Holy Spirit]] (1605). Restored the [[Aqua Traiana]].
}}
{{pope list item
| 234<br>[[File:C o a Gregorius XV.svg|40px]]
| [[1621 papal conclave|9 February 1621]] –<br>8 July 1623<br>{{small|({{Age in years and days|1621|02|09|1623|07|08}})}}
| [[File:Pope Gregory XV.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Pope Gregory XV|Gregory XV]]'''<br>{{small|'''GREGORIVS''' Quintus Decimus}}
| Alessandro [[Ludovisi (family)|Ludovisi]]
| 9 January 1554 Bologna, Papal States
| 67 / 69
| Subject and later the sovereign of the [[Papal States]]. Issued the bull ''[[Aeterni Patris Filius]]'' (1621), which imposed conclaves to be by secret ballot. Established the [[Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith]] (1622). Issued the apostolic constitution ''Omnipotentis Dei'' (1623) against magicians and witches.
}}
{{pope list item
| 235<br>[[File:C o a Urbanus VIII.svg|40px]]
| [[1623 papal conclave|6 August 1623]] –<br>29 July 1644<br>{{small|({{Age in years and days|1623|08|06|1644|07|29}})}}
| [[File:Urban VIII (cropped).jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Pope Urban VIII|Urban VIII]]'''<br>{{small|'''VRBANVS''' Octavus}}
| Maffeo Vincenzo [[Barberini family|Barberini]]
| 5 April 1568 Florence, [[Grand Duchy of Tuscany]]
| 55 / 76
| Subject of the [[Grand Duchy of Tuscany]]. Trial against [[Galileo Galilei]]. Last pope to expand the papal territory by force of arms. Issued a 1624 bill that made the use of tobacco in holy places punishable by excommunication.
}}
{{pope list item
| 236<br>[[File:C o a Inocentius X.svg|40px]]
| [[1644 papal conclave|15 September 1644]] –<br>7 January 1655<br>{{small|({{Age in years and days|1644|09|15|1655|01|07}})}}
| [[File:Retrato del Papa Inocencio X. Roma, by Diego Velázquez.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Pope Innocent X|Innocent X]]'''<br>{{small|'''INNOCENTIVS''' Decimus}}
| Giovanni Battista [[Pamphili family|Pamphili]]
| 6 May 1574 Rome, Papal States
| 70 / 80
| Motto: {{lang|la|Alleviatæ sunt aquæ super terram}} {{small|("Water on earth")}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gcatholic.org/hierarchy/pope/I10.htm |title=Pope Innocent X (1644–1655)|access-date=3 August 2014|archive-date=10 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230810190631/http://www.gcatholic.org/hierarchy/pope/I10.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
Subject and later the sovereign of the [[Papal States]]. Great-great-great-grandson of [[Pope Alexander VI|Alexander VI]]. Erected the [[Fontana dei Quattro Fiumi]] in [[Piazza Navona]]. Opposed the [[Peace of Westphalia]]. Promulgated the apostolic constitution ''[[Cum occasione]]'' (1653), condemning the five doctrines of [[Jansenism]].
}}
{{pope list item
| 237<br>[[File:C o a Alexander VII.svg|40px]]
| [[1655 papal conclave|7 April 1655]] –<br>22 May 1667<br>{{small|({{Age in years and days|1655|04|07|1667|05|22}})}}
| [[File:Alexander VII.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Pope Alexander VII|Alexander VII]]'''<br>{{small|'''ALEXANDER''' Septimus}}
| Fabio [[Chigi family|Chigi]]
| 13 February 1599 Siena, Grand Duchy of Tuscany
| 56 / 68
| Subject of the [[Grand Duchy of Tuscany]]. Great-nephew of [[Pope Paul V|Paul V]]. Commissioned [[St. Peter's Square]]. Issued the apostolic constitution ''Sollicitudo Omnium Ecclesiarum'' that set the doctrine of the [[Immaculate Conception]] (1661), almost identical to that of [[Pope Pius IX|Pius IX]] nearly two centuries later.
}}
{{pope list item
| 238<br>[[File:C o a Clementem IX.svg|40px]]
| [[1667 papal conclave|20 June 1667]] –<br>9 December 1669<br>{{small|({{Age in years and days|1667|06|20|1669|12|09}})}}
| [[File:Portrait of Pope Clement IX, by Carlo Maratti (or Maratta) - Hermitage Museum.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Pope Clement IX|Clement IX]]'''<br>{{small|'''CLEMENS''' Nonus}}
| Giulio [[Rospigliosi family|Rospigliosi]]
| 28 January 1600 [[Pistoia]], Grand Duchy of Tuscany
| 67 / 69
| Motto: {{lang|la|Aliis non sibi clemens}} {{small|("Clement to others, not to himself")}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gcatholic.org/hierarchy/pope/C09.htm |title=Pope Clement IX (1667–1669)|access-date=3 August 2014|archive-date=10 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230810191031/http://www.gcatholic.org/hierarchy/pope/C09.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
Subject of the [[Grand Duchy of Tuscany]]. Mediated in the [[Congress of Aix-la-Chapelle (1668)|Peace of Aachen]] (1668).
}}
{{pope list item
| 239<br>[[File:C o a Clementem X.svg|40px]]
| [[1669–1670 papal conclave|29 April 1670]] –<br>22 July 1676<br>{{small|({{Age in years and days|1670|04|29|1676|07|22}})}}
| [[File:Portrait of Pope Clement X, by Giovanni Battista Gaulli (Baciccio) - Metropolitan Museum of Art.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Pope Clement X|Clement X]]'''<br>{{small|'''CLEMENS''' Decimus}}
| Emilio Bonaventura [[Altieri family|Altieri]]
| 13 July 1590 Rome, Papal States
| 79 / 86
| Motto: {{lang|la|Bonum auget malum minuit}} {{small|("He increases good and diminishes evil")}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gcatholic.org/hierarchy/pope/C10.htm |title=Pope Clement X (1670–1676)|access-date=3 August 2014|archive-date=10 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230810205235/http://www.gcatholic.org/hierarchy/pope/C10.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
Subject and later the sovereign of the [[Papal States]]. Canonized the first saint from the Americas: [[St Rose of Lima]] (1671). Decorated the bridge of Sant' Angelo with the ten statues of angels and commissioned one of the two fountains adorning the piazza of [[St. Peter's Square]]. Regulated the removal of relics of saints from sacred cemeteries.
}}
{{pope list item
| 240<br>[[File:C o a Inocentius XI.svg|40px]]
| [[1676 papal conclave|21 September 1676]] –<br>12 August 1689<br>{{small|({{Age in years and days|1676|09|21|1689|08|12}})}}
| [[File:Jacob Ferdinand Voet - Portrait of Innocenzo XI Odescalchi (cropped).jpeg|80px]]
| Bl. '''[[Pope Innocent XI|Innocent XI]]'''<br>{{small|'''INNOCENTIVS''' Undecimus}}
| Benedetto [[Erba-Odescalchi|Odescalchi]]
| 16 May 1611 [[Como]], Duchy of Milan
| 65 / 78
| Motto: {{lang|la|Avarus non implebitur}} {{small|("The covetous man is not satisfied")}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gcatholic.org/hierarchy/pope/I11.htm |title=Pope Innocent XI (1676–1689)|access-date=3 August 2014|archive-date=10 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230810210610/http://www.gcatholic.org/hierarchy/pope/I11.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
Subject of the [[Duchy of Milan]]. Condemned the [[doctrine of mental reservation]] (1679) and initiated the [[Holy League (1684)|Holy League]]. Extended the [[Holy Name of Mary]] as a universal feast (1684). Admired for positive contributions to catechesis.
}}
{{pope list item
| 241<br>[[File:C o a Alexander VIII.svg|40px]]
| [[1689 papal conclave|6 October 1689]] –<br>1 February 1691<br>{{small|({{Age in years and days|1689|10|06|1691|02|01}})}}
| [[File:Portrait of Pope Alexander VIII – Roman School of 17th Century – (unframed).jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Pope Alexander VIII|Alexander VIII]]'''<br>{{small|'''ALEXANDER''' Octavus}}
| Pietro Vito [[Ottoboni family|Ottoboni]]
| 22 April 1610 Venice, Republic of Venice
| 79 / 80
| Citizen of the [[Republic of Venice]]. Condemned the so-called [[philosophical sin]] (1690).
}}
{{pope list item
| 242<br>[[File:C o a Inocentius XII.svg|40px]]
| [[1691 papal conclave|12 July 1691]] –<br>27 September 1700<br>{{small|({{Age in years and days|1691|07|12|1700|09|27}})}}
| [[File:Antonio Zanchi – Papa Innocenzo XII (cropped).jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Pope Innocent XII|Innocent XII]]'''<br>{{small|'''INNOCENTIVS''' Duodecimus}}
| Antonio [[House of Pignatelli|Pignatelli]]
| 13 March 1615 [[Spinazzola]], Kingdom of Naples
| 76 / 85
| Subject of the [[Kingdom of Naples]]. Issued the bull ''[[Romanum decet Pontificem]]'' (1692) to stop nepotism. Erected various charitable and educational institutions.
}}
{{pope list item
| 243<br>[[File:C o a Clementem XI.svg|40px]]
| [[1700 papal conclave|23 November 1700]] –<br>19 March 1721<br>{{small|({{Age in years and days|1700|11|23|1721|03|19}})}}
| [[File:Portrait of Pope Clement XI Albani (Vatican Museums - Musei Vaticani, Vatican).jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Pope Clement XI|Clement XI]]'''<br>{{small|'''CLEMENS''' Undecimus}}
| Giovanni Francesco Albani
| 23 July 1649 [[Urbino]], Papal States
| 51 / 71
| Subject and later the sovereign of the [[Papal States]]. The [[Chinese Rites controversy]]. Patronized the first archaeological excavations in the [[Roman catacombs]] and made the feast of [[Immaculate Conception]] universal. The Inquisition's ban on the reprinting of Galileo's works was lifted in 1718, when permission was granted to publish an edition of his scientific works (excluding the condemned ''Dialogue'') in Florence.<ref name="Papal Timeline" /><ref>{{cite book |last=Heilbron |first=John L. |contribution=Censorship of Astronomy in Italy after Galileo |editor-first=Ernan |editor-last=McMullin |title=The Church and Galileo |date=2005 |publisher=University of Notre Dame Press |isbn=978-0-268-03483-2 |page=299}}</ref>
}}
{{pope list end}}