Editing List of monarchs of Iran (section)

==== Buyids (934–1062) ====
{{See also|Buyid dynasty}}
[[File:Buyid Dynasty (greatest extent).svg|thumb|The [[Buyid dynasty|Buyids]] at their greatest extent|190px]]
The Buyids were a dynasty of Islamic Iranian rulers established by three brothers who had served under [[Mardavij]] (the first Ziyarid ruler). After Mardavij's murder, the three carved out their own realm out of the southern Ziyarid territories.{{sfn|Nagel|1990}} The Buyid state was composed of three principalities ruled by three branches of the family, sometimes with divergent goals, rather than a unified realm.{{sfn|Nagel|1990}} The Buyids came to dominate much of Iran, a development that culminated in 945 with the capture of [[Baghdad]] and domination of the caliph himself.{{Sfn|Lorentz|2007|p=xxviii}} The Buyid dynasty claimed descent from the Sasanian king [[Bahram V]] (420–438),{{Sfn|Davaran|2010|p=157}} almost certainly a forgery.{{sfn|Nagel|1990}}

Individual Buyid rulers were styled as ''[[amir]]''. The senior of the three was also invested by the caliph with the grander title ''amīr al-omarāʾ'' ({{Literal translation|great emir}}).{{sfn|Nagel|1990}} The Buyid emirates were transformed into something akin to a restored Iranian monarchy under [[Rukn al-Dawla]] and his son [['Adud al-Dawla]], who also reintroduced the Sasanian royal title ''šāhānšāh'' ({{Literal translation|King of Kings}}).{{Sfn|Kraemer|1992|p=44}} This title continued to be sporadically claimed by Buyid dynasts.{{efn|[[Rukn al-Dawla]] claimed Iranian imperial status by 962, when he minted a medal depicting him similar to a Sasanian ruler with the inscription "may the glory of the king of kings increase".{{Sfn|Kraemer|1992|p=44}} 'Adud al-Dawla also claimed the title ''šāhānšāh'' by 965. In 969, he minted a medal with the inscriptions "''šāhānšāh'', may his glory increase" and "May ''šāh'' Panāh Khusraw live long".{{Sfn|Kraemer|1992|p=45}} The caliphs opposed Buyid use of the old imperial title.{{Sfn|Kraemer|1992|p=45}} 'Adud al-Dawla's son [[Baha al-Dawla]] is recorded to have used the Arabic version of 'King of Kings' (''malik al-mulūk'') and the title is also recorded in both Arabic and Persian for Baha al-Dawla's grandson [[Abu Kalijar|Abu Kalijar Marzuban]].{{Sfn|Blair|1992|p=6}} The title was sometimes assumed by rival emirs not part of the 'main branch' listed below, such as [[Fakhr al-Dawla]] and [[Musharrif al-Dawla]].}}

This list records only the 'main branch' of Buyid rulers, per Daryaee (2012).{{Sfn|Daryaee|2012|p=394}} For a full list of major and minor Buyid rulers, see [[Buyid dynasty#Buyid rulers|Buyid dynasty § Buyid rulers]].
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;"
! width="7%" |Portrait
! width="27%" |Name
! width="32%" |Reign
! width="34%" |Succession
|-
|[[File:Imad al-Dawla coin.jpg|65px]]
|[[Imad al-Dawla]]<br /><small>(Ali)</small>
|933/934–949/950{{Sfn|Ross|1977|p=111}}<br /><small>(16 years, [[Fars province|Fars]]{{Sfn|Daryaee|2012|p=394}})</small>
|Son of a [[Daylamites|Daylamite]] chief.{{Sfn|Daryaee|2012|p=394}} Seized power in the southern territories of the Ziyarid state.{{sfn|Nagel|1990}}
|-
|[[File:Mu'izz al-Dawla coin.jpg|65px]]
|[[Mu'izz al-Dawla]]<br /><small>(Ahmad)</small>
|935/936–949/950{{Sfn|Ross|1977|pp=111–112}}<br /><small>(14 years, [[Kerman province|Kerman]]{{Sfn|Ross|1977|p=111}} then Iraq{{Sfn|Daryaee|2012|p=394}})</small>
|Brother (and coregent) of Imad al-Dawla{{Sfn|Daryaee|2012|p=394}}
|-
|[[File:Rukn al-Dawla (cropped).jpg|65px]]
|[[Rukn al-Dawla]]<br /><small>(Hasan)</small>
|946/947 – 16 September 976{{Sfn|Ross|1977|p=112}}<br /><small>(29–30 years, [[Ray, Iran|Ray]]{{Sfn|Daryaee|2012|p=394}})</small>
|Brother (and coregent) of Imad al-Dawla{{Sfn|Daryaee|2012|p=394}}
|-
|[[File:Adud al-Dawla.jpg|65px]]
|[['Adud al-Dawla]]<br /><small>(Panāh Khusraw)</small>
|949/950 – 26 March 983{{Sfn|Ross|1977|p=111}}<br /><small>(33–34 years)</small>
|Son of Rukn al-Dawla{{Sfn|Daryaee|2012|p=394}}
|-
|[[File:Sharaf al-Dawla.jpg|65px]]
|[[Sharaf al-Dawla]]<br /><small>(Shirdil)</small>
|March/April 983 – September/October 989{{Sfn|Ross|1977|p=111}}<br /><small>({{Age in years, months and days|983|3||989|9|}})</small>
|Son of 'Adud al-Dawla{{Sfn|Daryaee|2012|p=394}}
|-
|[[File:Samsam al-Dawla.jpg|65px]]
|[[Samsam al-Dawla]]<br /><small>(Abu Kalijar Marzuban)</small>
|989–998{{Sfn|Daryaee|2012|p=394}}<br /><small>(9 years)</small>
|Son of 'Adud al-Dawla{{Sfn|Daryaee|2012|p=394}}
|-
|[[File:Baha' al-DawlaBuyidCoinHistoryofIran.jpg|65px]]
|[[Baha al-Dawla]]<br /><small>(Abu Nasr Firuz)</small>
|998–1012{{Sfn|Daryaee|2012|p=394}}<br /><small>(14 years)</small>
|Son of 'Adud al-Dawla{{Sfn|Daryaee|2012|p=394}}
|-
|[[File:Sultan al-Dawla coin.jpg|65px]]
|[[Sultan al-Dawla]]<br /><small>(Abu Shuja)</small>
|1012–1024{{Sfn|Daryaee|2012|p=394}}<br /><small>(12 years)</small>
|Son of Baha al-Dawla{{Sfn|Daryaee|2012|p=394}}
|-
|[[File:AbuKalijarBuyidCoinHistoryofIran.jpg|65px]]
|[[Abu Kalijar|Abu Kalijar Marzuban]]
|1024–1048{{Sfn|Daryaee|2012|p=394}}<br /><small>(24 years)</small>
|Son of Sultan al-Dawla{{Sfn|Daryaee|2012|p=394}}
|-
|{{Centre|—}}
|[[Abu Mansur Fulad Sutun]]
|1048–1062{{Sfn|Daryaee|2012|p=394}}<br /><small>(14 years)</small>
|Son of Abu Kalijar Marzuban{{Sfn|Daryaee|2012|p=394}}
|}