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== Bibliography == * {{cite book |last=Allen |first=Paul |title=History of the expedition under the command of Captains Lewis and Clark, Vol I |publisher=Toronto: George N. Morang & Co. Ltd. |year=1902 |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofexpedit01lewi/page/n9 |ref=allen1}} * {{cite book |last=Allen |first=Paul |title=History of the expedition under the command of Captains Lewis and Clark, Vol II |author-mask=2 |publisher=Toronto:George N. Morang & Co. Ltd. |year=1902 |url=https://archive.org/details/expeditionoflew02lewiuoft/page/n8 |ref=allen2}} * {{cite book |last=Allen |first=Paul |title=History of the expedition under the command of Captains Lewis and Clark, Vol III |author-mask=2 |publisher=Toronto: George N. Morang & Co. Ltd. |year=1902 |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofexpedit03lewiuoft/page/i |ref=allen3}} * {{cite book |last=Ambrose |first=Stephen E. |title=Undaunted Courage: Meriwether Lewis, Thomas Jefferson, and the Opening of the American West |ref=Ambrose |author-link=Stephen E. Ambrose |publisher=New York: Simon and Schuster |year=1996 |page=[https://archive.org/details/undauntedcourage00ambr/page/511 511] |isbn=9780684811079 |url=https://archive.org/details/undauntedcourage00ambr|url-access=registration }}<!--<ref>[[#Ambrose|Ambrose, 1996]] pp. 90–91</ref> --> * {{cite book |last=Bennett |first=George D. |title=The United States Army: Issues, Background and Bibliography |ref=Bennett |publisher=Nova Publishers |year=2002 |page=229 |isbn=9781590333006 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SNFnyDbT1fkC}}<!--<ref>[[#Bennett|Bennett, 2002]] pp. 90–91</ref> --> * {{cite book |last=Bergon |first=Frank |title=The Journals of Lewis and Clark |author-link=Frank Bergon |publisher=Penguin Classics|location=New York |year=1989 |isbn=0142437360 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Qmd-h0gsf5EC}}<!--<ref>[[#Bergon|Bergon, 1989p]]. 16</ref> --> * {{cite book |last1=Clark |first1=Ella E. |last2=Edmonds |first2=Margot |ref=Clark |title=Sacagawea of the Lewis and Clark Expedition |publisher=University of California Press |year=1983 |page=184 |isbn=9780520050600 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ww4TY5N7GHkC}} <!--<ref> --> * Cutright, Paul Russel (1969). ''Lewis and Clark: Pioneering Naturalists.'' University of Nebraska Press. {{ISBN?}} * {{cite book |last=Cutright |first=Paul Russell |title=Contributions of Philadelphia to Lewis and Clark History |ref=Cutright |year=2000 |page=47 |publisher=Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i8qKGQAACAAJ|isbn=9780967888705 }} <!--<ref>[[#Cutright|Cutright, 2000]] pp. 90–91</ref> --> * {{cite book |last=DeVoto |first=Bernard Augustine |ref=DeVoto | title=The Journals of Lewis and Clark |author-link=Bernard DeVoto |publisher=Houghton Mifflin Co. |date=1997 |orig-year=1953 |isbn= 0-395-08380-X |page=504 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1Vp2-feRyGkC}} <!--<ref>[[#DeVoto|DeVoto, 1997]] p.16</ref> --> * {{cite book |last=DeVoto |first=Bernard Augustine |title=The Course of Empire |author-mask=2 |publisher=Houghton Mifflin Harcourt |year=1998 |page=647 |ref=DeVoto1998 |isbn=9780395924983 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F5Nx4hETrnAC}} <!--<ref>[[DeVoto1998||DeVoto, 1998]] pp.xx–yy</ref> --> * {{cite journal |last1=Fenelon|first1=James |first2=Mary Louise |last2=Defender-Wilson |title=Voyage of Domination, 'Purchase' as Conquest, Sakakawea for Savagery: Distorted Icons from Misrepresentations of the Lewis and Clark Expedition |journal=Wíčazo Ša Review |volume=19 |issue=1 |publisher=University of Minnesota Press |ref=Fenelon |year=1985 |pages=Wíčazo Ša Review, 85–104 |jstor=1409488|doi=10.1353/wic.2004.0006 |s2cid=147041160 }}<!--<ref> --> * {{cite book |last1=Fresonke |first1=Kris |last2=Spence |first2=Mark |title=Lewis and Clark |publisher=University of California Press |ref=Fresonke |year=2004 |page=290 |isbn=9780520228399 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_8s7GQG8jiUC}} <!--<ref name="Fresonke159" /> --> * {{cite book |last=Fritz |first=Harry W. |title=The Lewis and Clark Expedition |ref=Fritz |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |page=[https://archive.org/details/lewisclarkexpedi00frit/page/143 143] |isbn=978-0-313-31661-6 |year=2004 |url=https://archive.org/details/lewisclarkexpedi00frit|url-access=registration }} <!--<ref>[[#Fritz|Fritz, 2004]] pp. 90–91</ref> --> * {{cite book |last=Furtwangler |first=Albert |title=Acts of discovery: visions of America in the Lewis and Clark journals |publisher=University of Illinois Press |isbn=978-0-252-06306-0 |year=1993 |url=https://archive.org/details/actsofdiscoveryv00albe|url-access=registration }} <!--<ref> --> * {{cite book |first1=Patrick |last1=Gass |first2=Carol Lynn |last2= MacGregor |title=The Journals of Patrick Gass: Member of the Lewis and Clark Expedition |ref=Gass |author-link=Patrick Gass |publisher=Mountain Press Publishing |year=1807 |page=447 |isbn=9780878423514 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CfRsChvapM0C}} <!--<ref>[[#Gass|Gass & MacGregor, 1807]] pp. 90–91</ref> --> * {{cite journal |last=Gray |first=Edward |title=Visions of Another Empire: John Ledyard, an American Traveler across the Russian Empire, 1787–1788 |journal=Journal of the Early Republic |ref=Gray |year=2004 |publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press |jstor=4141438 |volume=24 |issue=3|pages=347–380 }} <!--<ref> --> * {{cite book |last1=Harris |first1=Matthew L. |last2=Buckley |first2=Jay H. |year=2012 |title=Zebulon Pike, Thomas Jefferson, and the Opening of the American West |publisher=University of Oklahoma Press|isbn=9780806188317 |ref=Harris |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Txq4Oh2NjTQC}} * {{cite book |editor1-first=Alvin M. Jr. |editor1-last=Josephy | editor1-link =Alvin M. Josephy Jr.|editor2-first=Jaffe |editor2-last=Marc |title=Lewis and Clark Through Indian Eyes |ref=Josephy2006 |publisher=Random House Digital, Inc. |year=2006 |page=196 |isbn=9781400042678 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cVM-LpBDh8MC}} <!-- [[#Josephy2006|Joesphy, 2006]] pp.xx-xy</ref> --> * {{cite book |last=Jackson |first=Donald |title=Thomas Jefferson & the Stony Mountains: Exploring the West from Monticello |author-link=Donald Dean Jackson |publisher=University of Oklahoma Press |year=1993 |orig-year=1981 |isbn= 978-0-8061-2504-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HrigCEIBR6kC |ref=jackson81}} * {{cite book |last=Kleber |first=John |title=The Encyclopedia of Louisville |publisher=University Press of Kentucky |ref=Kleber |year=2001 |page=509 |isbn=978-0-8131-2100-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pXbYITw4ZesC}} <!--<ref name=autogenerated2 /> --> * {{cite book |last=Lavender |first=David Sievert |title=The Way to the Western Sea: Lewis and Clark Across the Continent |ref=Lavender |publisher=University of Nebraska Press |year=2001 |page=444 |isbn=9780803280038 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=td82Jc3fbMoC}} <!--<ref name="Lavender32" />--> * {{cite book |last1=Loomis |first1=Noel M | author-link =Noel Loomis|last2=Nasatir |first2=Abraham P | author2-link =Abraham Nasatir|ref=Loomis |title=Pedro Vial and the Roads to Santa Fe |publisher=University of Oklahoma Press |year=1967 |isbn=9780806111100 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nPRFHgAACAAJ}} <!--<ref>[[#Loomis|Loomis & Nasatir 1967]] pp. 382–386, map following p. 290</ref> --> * {{cite book |last=Miller |first=Robert J. Miller |title=Native America, Discovered And Conquered: Thomas Jefferson, Lewis & Clark, And Manifest Destiny |ref=Miller |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |year=2006 |page=240 |isbn=9780275990114 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ccnP7tWU7hwC}} <!--<ref> --> * {{cite book | last = Peters | first = Arthur K. | title = Seven trail west | publisher = Abbeville Press | year = 1996 | isbn = 1-55859-782-4 | url = https://archive.org/details/seventrailswest00pete }} * {{cite book |last=Saindon |first=Robert A. |title=Explorations Into the World of Lewis and Clark, Vol. 3 |ref=Saindon |year=2003 |page=528 |publisher=Digital Scanning Inc. |isbn=9781582187655 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q_4lgD456ZgC}} <!--<ref>[[#Saindon|Saindon, 2003]] p. 108</ref> --> * {{cite book |last=Schwantes |first=Carlos |title=The Pacific Northwest: an interpretive history |ref=Schwantes |publisher=University of Nebraska Press |page=568 |isbn=978-0-8032-9228-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JImlIbueaXcC|year=1996 }} <!--<ref> --> * {{cite book |last=Rodriguez |first=Junius |title=The Louisiana Purchase: a historical and geographical encyclopedia |page=513 |ref=Rodriguez |publisher=ABC-CLIO, Santa Barbara, California |year=2002 |isbn=978-1-57607-188-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Qs7GAwwdzyQC}} <!--<ref>[[#Rodriguez|Rodriguez, 2002]] p. xxiv </ref> --> * {{cite book |last=Ronda |first=James P. |title=Lewis & Clark among the Indians |ref=Ronda |publisher=University of Nebraska Press |page=310 |year=1984 |isbn=9780803289901 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cz4ts0fCDssC}} <!--<ref>[[#Ronda|Ronda, 1984]] p. 32 </ref> --> * {{cite book |last=Uldrich |first=Jack |title=Into the unknown: leadership lessons from Lewis & Clark's daring westward adventure |ref=Uldrich |year=2004 |publisher=AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn. |page=245 |isbn=0-8144-0816-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RRuKF35bPJ0C}} <!--<ref>[[#Uldrich|Uldrich, 2004]] p. 37 </ref> --> * {{cite book |last1=Woodger |first1=Elin |last2=Toropov |first2=Brandon |title=Encyclopedia of the Lewis and Clark Expedition |ref=Woodger |publisher=Infobase Publishing |year=2009 |page=438 |isbn=978-0-8160-4781-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8vYA0zDFy_IC}} <!--<ref>[[#Woodger|Woodger, Toropov, 2009]] pp. xx </ref> --> === Primary sources === * {{cite book |last1=Lewis |first1=Meriwether |last2=Clark |first2=William |title=The Journals Of Lewis And Clark |ref=L&CJournals |publisher=Kessinger Publishing |year=2004 |page=312 |isbn=9781419167997 }} [https://archive.org/details/originaljournals12lewi E'books], [https://web.archive.org/web/20191024191940/http://xroads.virginia.edu/~hyper/journals/toc.html Full view] <!--<ref>[[#L&CJournals|Lewis & Clark, Journals, 2004]] pp. xx–yy </ref> -->{{Full citation needed|date=November 2014|reason=Linked material does not match the description in the citation}} * {{cite book |last1=Lewis |first1=Meriwether |last2=Clark |first2=William |last3=Floyd |first3=Charles |last4=Whitehouse |first4=Joseph |title=Original Journals of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, 1804–1806, Vol. 6 |ref=Lewis&Clark1905 |publisher=Dodd, Mead & Co. |location=New York |year=1905 |page=280 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=64MjAQAAIAAJ}}<!--<ref>[[#Lewis&Clark1905|Lewis, Clark Floyd, Whitehouse, 1905]] pp.xx–yy </ref> --> * {{cite book |last1=Lewis |first1=Meriwether |last2=Clark |first2=William |editor1-first=Frank |editor1-last=Bergon |ref=Bergon |title=The Journals of Lewis & Clark |publisher=Penguin |year=2003 |page=560 |isbn=9780142437360 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Qmd-h0gsf5EC}} <!--<ref> --> * Lewis, Meriwether (1811). ''The Travels of Captains Lewis and Clarke, from St. Louis, by way of the Missouri and Columbia Rivers, to the Pacific Ocean; performed in the Years 1804, 1805, and 1806.'' By Order of the Government of the United States; containing Delineations of the Manners, Customs, Religion, &c. of the Indians; compiled from various authentic Sources and original Documents; and a summary of the Statistical View of the Indian Nations, from the official communication of Meriwether Lewis. In 8vo. illustrated with a Map of the Country inhabited by the Tribes of Western Indians. ("This is an interesting volume, and exhibits not only some valuable geographical notices, but very copious and amusing details respecting the manners, habits, and divisions of the India North America Tribes.") [https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=qrv&datum=18110105&query=(text:%22THE+TRAVELS+of+CAP%27I%e2%80%98A+INS+LEWIS+and+CLARK+E%22)&ref=anno-search&seite=274 Modern Publications, and New Editions of Valuable Standard Works]. In: ''The Quarterly Review'', February 1811, p. 2. * {{cite book |last1=Lewis |first1=Meriwether |last2=Clark |first2=William | title=Travels to the source of the Missouri river and across the American continent to the Pacific ocean. Performed by order of the government of the United States, in the years 1804, 1805, and 1806. By Captains Lewis and Clarke. Published from the official report, and illustrated by a map of the route, and other maps | location=London | publisher=Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme & Brown | year=1815 | url=https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/001874908}} ** {{cite journal|title=Review of ''Travels to the Source of the Missouri River ... ''|journal=The Quarterly Review|date=January 1815|volume=12|pages=317–368|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.c005373356;view=1up;seq=327}} * {{cite book |last1=Lewis |first1=William |last2=Clark |first2=Clark |editor=Hosmer, James Kendall |editor-link=James Kendall Hosmer |title=History of the Expedition of Captain Lewis and Clark, 1804–5–6, Volume 1 |ref=Lewis&Clark1903 |author-link=James Kendall Hosmer |publisher=A.C. McClurg & Co.|location =Chicago |year=1903 |page=500 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0vYMAAAAIAAJ}}<!--<ref>[[#Lewis&Clark1903|M.Lewis & W.Clark, 1903]] p.1 </ref> --> * {{cite book |last1=Coues|first1=Elliott |last2=Lewis|first2=Meriwether |last3=Clark |first3=William |last4=Jefferson|first4=Thomas |title=History of the expedition under the command of Lewis and Clark: Vol. 1 |ref=Lewis&Clark1893-v1 |publisher=Francis P. Harper|location=New York |year=1893 |page=1364 |isbn=9780665562136 |url=https://archive.org/details/historyexpediti01jeffgoog}} <!--<ref>[[#Lewis&Clark1893-v1|Coues, Lewis, Clark, Jefferson 1893]], Vol. 1 pp.xx–yy </ref> --> * {{cite book |last1=Coues|first1=Elliott |last2=Lewis|first2=Meriwether |last3=Clark |first3=William |last4=Jefferson|first4=Thomas |title=History of the expedition under the command of Lewis and Clark: Volume 2 |ref=Lewis&Clark1893-v2 |author-mask=2 |publisher=Francis P. Harper| location =New York |year=1893 |page=1364 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FIrRAAAAMAAJ}} <!--<ref>[[#Lewis&Clark1893-v2|Coues, Lewis, Clark, Jefferson 1893]], Vol. 2 pp.xx–yy </ref> --> * {{cite book |last1=Coues|first1=Elliott |last2=Lewis|first2=Meriwether |last3=Clark |first3=William |last4=Jefferson|first4=Thomas |title=History of the expedition under the command of Lewis and Clark: Vol. 3 |author-mask=2 |ref=Lewis&Clark1893-v3 |author-link=Elliott Coues |publisher=Francis P. Harper, New York |year=1893 |page=[https://archive.org/details/historyexpediti00jeffgoog/page/n486 1298] |url=https://archive.org/details/historyexpediti00jeffgoog}} <!--<ref>[[#Lewis&Clark1893-v3|Coues, Lewis, Clark, Jefferson 1893]], Vol. 3 pp.xx–yy </ref> --> * {{cite book |last1=Coues|first1=Elliott |last2=Lewis|first2=Meriwether |last3=Clark |first3=William |last4=Jefferson|first4=Thomas |title=History of the expedition under the command of Lewis and Clark: Vol. 4 |author-mask=2 |ref=Lewis&Clark1893-v4 |author-link=Elliott Coues |publisher=Francis P. Harper|location=New York |year=1893 |page=1298 |url=https://archive.org/details/historyexpediti02jeffgoog}} <!--<ref>[[#Lewis&Clark1893-v4|Coues, Lewis, Clark, Jefferson 1893]], Vol. 3 pp.xx–yy </ref> --> * {{cite book |last=Jackson |first=Donald Dean |title=Letters of the Lewis and Clark Expedition: with related documents, 1783–1854 |ref=Jackson1962 |publisher=University of Illinois Press (Original from the University of Virginia) |year=1962 |page=[https://archive.org/details/lettersoflewiscl0000jack/page/728 728] |url=https://archive.org/details/lettersoflewiscl0000jack|url-access=registration }} <!--<ref>[[#Jackson1962|Jackson, 1962]] pp.xx–yy </ref> --> * {{cite book |last1=Lewis |first1=Meriwether |last2=Clark |first2=William |editor1-first=Gary E. |editor1-last=Moulton |title=The Definitive Journals of Lewis & Clark |ref=Moulton |publisher=University of Nebraska Press |year=2004 |page=357 |isbn=9780803280328 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PMKbBl2xHd8C}} <!--<ref>[[#Moulton|Moulton, 2004]] pp.xx–yy </ref> -->
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