Editing Kuomintang (section)

=== Socialism and anti-capitalist agitation ===
{{main|Socialist ideology of the Kuomintang|Canton Merchant Volunteers Corps Uprising}}
The KMT had a left wing and a right wing, the left being more radical in its pro-Soviet policies, but both wings equally persecuted merchants, accusing them of being counterrevolutionaries and reactionaries. The right wing under Chiang Kai-shek prevailed, and continued radical policies against private merchants and industrialists, even as they denounced communism.<ref name="Lee"/>

One of the Three Principles of the People of the KMT, Mínshēng, was defined as socialism by Sun Yat-sen. He defined this principle of saying in his last days "its socialism and its communism". The concept may be understood as [[social welfare]] as well. Sun understood it as an industrial economy and equality of land holdings for the Chinese peasant farmers. Here he was influenced by the American thinker [[Henry George]], (see [[Georgism]]) the [[land value tax]] in Taiwan is a legacy thereof. He divided livelihood into four areas: food, clothing, housing, and transportation; and planned out how an ideal (Chinese) government can take care of these for its people.<ref name="Lee">{{cite journal|last=Lee|first=Edward Bing-Shuey|date=1930|title=The Three Principles of the Kuomintang|journal=The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science|volume=152 |pages=262–265|doi=10.1177/000271623015200130|jstor=1016560|s2cid=220853814|issn=0002-7162}}</ref>

The KMT was referred to having a socialist ideology. "Equalization of land rights" was a clause included by Sun in the original Tongmenhui. The KMT's revolutionary ideology in the 1920s incorporated unique Chinese Socialism as part of its ideology.<ref>{{cite book|author=Arif Dirlik|title=The Marxism in the Chinese Revolution|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S-aGLEtx7AYC&pg=PA20|access-date=28 June 2010|year=2005|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-0-7425-3069-0|page=20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205042103/https://books.google.com/books?id=S-aGLEtx7AYC&pg=PA20|archive-date=5 February 2017|url-status=live}}<br />{{cite book|author=Von KleinSmid Institute of International Affairs, University of Southern California. School of Politics and International Relations|title=Studies in comparative communism, Volume 21|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VHnmAAAAMAAJ|access-date=28 June 2010|year=1988|publisher=Butterworth-Heinemann|page=134|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205084844/https://books.google.com/books?id=VHnmAAAAMAAJ|archive-date=5 February 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

The Soviet Union trained KMT revolutionaries in the [[Moscow Sun Yat-sen University]]. In the West and in the Soviet Union, Chiang was known as the "Red General".{{Sfn|Pakula|2009|p=346}} Movie theaters in the Soviet Union showed newsreels and clips of Chiang, at Moscow Sun Yat-sen University Portraits of Chiang were hung on the walls, and in the Soviet May Day Parades that year{{when|date=June 2022}}, Chiang's portrait was to be carried along with the portraits of [[Karl Marx]], [[Lenin]], [[Stalin]], and other socialist leaders.<ref>{{cite book|author=Jay Taylor|title=The Generalissimo's son: Chiang Ching-kuo and the Revolutions in China and Taiwan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_5R2fnVZXiwC&pg=PA42|access-date=28 June 2010|year=2000|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=978-0-674-00287-6|page=42|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205144819/https://books.google.com/books?id=_5R2fnVZXiwC&pg=PA42|archive-date=5 February 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

The KMT attempted to levy taxes upon merchants in Canton, and the merchants resisted by raising an army, the Merchant's volunteer corps. Sun initiated this anti-merchant policy, and Chiang Kai-shek enforced it, Chiang led his army of [[Whampoa Military Academy]] graduates to defeat the merchant's army. Chiang was assisted by Soviet advisors, who supplied him with weapons, while the merchants were supplied with weapons from the Western countries.{{Sfn|Fenby|2005|p=71}}{{Sfn|Pakula|2009|p=128}}

The KMT was accused of leading a "Red Revolution" in Canton. The merchants were conservative and [[reactionary]], and their Volunteer Corp leader Chen Lianbao was a prominent [[comprador]] trader.{{Sfn|Fenby|2005|p=71}}

The merchants were supported by the [[Western world|Western powers]], who led an international flotilla to support them against the KMT.{{Sfn|Pakula|2009|p=128}} The KMT seized many of Western-supplied weapons from the merchants, using them to equip their troops. A KMT General executed several merchants, and the KMT formed a Soviet-inspired Revolutionary Committee.{{Sfn|Fenby|2005|p=72}} The [[Communist Party of Great Britain|British Communist Party]] sent a letter to Sun, congratulating him on his military successes.{{Sfn|Fenby|2005|p=73}}

In 1948, the KMT again attacked the merchants of Shanghai. Chiang Kai-shek sent his son [[Chiang Ching-kuo]] to restore economic order. Ching-kuo copied Soviet methods, which he learned during his stay there, to start a social revolution by attacking middle-class merchants. He also enforced low prices on all goods to raise support from the [[proletariat]].{{Sfn|Fenby|2005|p=485}}

As riots broke out and savings were ruined, bankrupting shop owners, Ching-kuo began to attack the wealthy, seizing assets and placing them under arrest. The son of the gangster [[Du Yuesheng]] was arrested by him. Ching-kuo ordered KMT agents to raid the Yangtze Development Corporation's warehouses, which was privately owned by [[H.H. Kung]] and his family. H.H. Kung's wife was [[Soong Ai-ling]], the sister of [[Soong Mei-ling]] who was Ching-kuo's stepmother. H.H. Kung's son David was arrested, the Kung's responded by blackmailing the Chiang's, threatening to release information about them, eventually he was freed after negotiations, and Ching-kuo resigned, ending the terror on the Shanghainese merchants.{{Sfn|Fenby|2005|p=486}}

The KMT also promotes [[government-owned corporation]]s. KMT founder Sun Yat-sen, was heavily influenced by the economic ideas of Henry George, who believed that the rents extracted from [[natural monopoly|natural monopolies]] or the usage of land belonged to the public. Sun argued for Georgism and emphasized the importance of a mixed economy, which he termed "The Principle of Minsheng" in his Three Principles of the People.

"The railroads, public utilities, canals, and forests should be nationalized, and all income from the land and mines should be in the hands of the State. With this money in hand, the State can therefore finance the social welfare programs."<ref>Simei Qing "From Allies to Enemies," 19</ref>

The KMT Muslim Governor of [[Ningxia]], [[Ma Hongkui]], promoted state-owned monopolies. His government had a company, Fu Ning Company, which had a monopoly over commerce and industry in Ningxia.<ref>{{cite book|author=A. Doak Barnett|title=China on the Eve of Communist Takeover|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kt0gAAAAIAAJ|access-date=28 June 2010|year=1968|publisher=Praeger|page=190|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205042025/https://books.google.com/books?id=kt0gAAAAIAAJ|archive-date=5 February 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

Corporations such as [[CSBC Corporation, Taiwan]], [[CPC Corporation]] and [[Aerospace Industrial Development Corporation]] are owned by the state in the Republic of China.

[[Marxist]]s also existed in the KMT. They viewed the Chinese revolution in different terms than the CCP, claiming that China already went past its feudal stage and was in a stagnation period rather than in another mode of production. These Marxists in the KMT opposed the CCP ideology.<ref>{{cite book|author=T. J. Byres, Harbans Mukhia|author2=Harbans Mukhia|title=Feudalism and non-European Societies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=usOMZjTWrJ0C&pg=PA207|access-date=28 November 2010|year=1985|publisher=Psychology Press|isbn=978-0-7146-3245-2|page=207|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205081542/https://books.google.com/books?id=usOMZjTWrJ0C&pg=PA207|archive-date=5 February 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> The Left Kuomintang who disagreed with [[Chiang Kai-shek]] formed the [[Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang]] when the KMT was on the edge of defeat in the civil war and later joined the government of the CCP.