Editing Kofi Annan (section)

== Post-UN career ==

After he served as UN secretary-general, Annan took up residence in Geneva and worked in a leading capacity on various international humanitarian endeavours.<ref>{{cite news|title=Annan fühlte sich in der Schweiz zu Hause|url=https://www.derbund.ch/ausland/annan-fuehlte-sich-in-der-schweiz-zu-hause/story/12259977|access-date=18 August 2018|work=[[Der Bund]]|language=de |date=18 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180818165331/https://www.derbund.ch/ausland/Annan-fuehlte-sich-in-der-Schweiz-zu-Hause/story/12259977|archive-date=18 August 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>

=== Kofi Annan Foundation ===
{{Main|Kofi Annan Foundation}}
In 2007, Annan established the Kofi Annan Foundation, an independent, [[not-for-profit organisation]] that "works to promote better global governance and strengthen the capacities of people and countries to achieve a fairer, more secure world".<ref>{{cite web |title=How we work: Towards a fairer, more peaceful world |url=https://www.kofiannanfoundation.org/our-work/#our-areas-of-work |publisher=Kofi Annan Foundation |access-date=19 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180818095114/https://www.kofiannanfoundation.org/our-work/#our-areas-of-work |archive-date=18 August 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="mission-statement" />

The organisation was founded on the principles that fair and peaceful societies rest on three pillars: peace and security, [[sustainable development]], and human rights and the rule of law, and they have made it their mission to mobilise the leadership and the political resolve needed to tackle threats to these three pillars ranging from violent conflict to flawed elections and climate change, to achieve "a fairer, more peaceful world".<ref name="mission-statement">{{cite web|title=Mission Statement|url=http://kofiannanfoundation.org/foundation/mission-statement|publisher=Kofi Annan Foundation|access-date=2 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150316001041/http://kofiannanfoundation.org/foundation/mission-statement|archive-date=16 March 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The Foundation provides the analytical, communication and co-ordination capacities needed to ensure that these objectives are achieved.{{Promotion inline|date=April 2022}} Annan's contribution to peace worldwide is delivered through mediation, political mentoring, advocacy and advice.{{Promotion inline|date=April 2022}} Through his engagement, Annan aimed to strengthen local and international [[conflict resolution]] capabilities. The Foundation provides the analytical and logistical support to facilitate this in cooperation with relevant local, regional and international actors.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gpplatform.ch/pbguide/organisation/kofi-annan-foundation|title=Kofi Annan Foundation – GPPlatform|access-date=14 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101052503/http://www.gpplatform.ch/pbguide/organisation/kofi-annan-foundation|archive-date=1 January 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> The Foundation works mainly through [[private diplomacy]], with Annan providing informal counsel and participating in discreet diplomatic initiatives to avert or resolve crises. He was often asked to intercede in crises, sometimes as an impartial, independent mediator, sometimes as a special envoy of the international community. In recent years{{Clarify timeframe|date=April 2022}} he had provided such counsel to Burkina Faso, Kenya, Myanmar, Senegal, Iraq and Colombia.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mediation and Crisis Resolution |url=https://www.kofiannanfoundation.org/topics/mediation-and-crisis-resolution/ |publisher=Kofi Annan Foundation |access-date=19 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180818155152/https://www.kofiannanfoundation.org/topics/mediation-and-crisis-resolution/ |archive-date=18 August 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

=== Kenya National Dialogue and Reconciliation Process ===
Following the [[2007–2008 Kenyan crisis|outbreak of violence]] after the [[2007 Kenyan general election|2007 presidential elections in Kenya]], the [[African Union]] (AU) established the Panel of Eminent African Personalities to assist in finding a peaceful solution to the crisis.<ref name="CBSNEWS">{{cite web|title=Kofi Annan Takes Over Kenya Mediation|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/kofi-annan-takes-over-kenya-mediation-10-01-2008/|work=CBS News|date=January 10, 2008 |access-date=18 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180818150656/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/kofi-annan-takes-over-kenya-mediation-10-01-2008/|archive-date=18 August 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Annan was appointed as chair of the panel, to lead it with [[Benjamin Mkapa]], former [[president of Tanzania]]; and humanitarian [[Graça Machel]], the former first lady of Mozambique and South Africa.<ref>{{Cite news|publisher=South Consulting|date=December 2011|title=The Kenya National Dialogue and Reconciliation: Building a Progressive Kenya|url=https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Background-Note.pdf|access-date=2022-04-11|archive-date=31 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210831032912/https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Background-Note.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>

The panel managed to convince the two principal parties to the conflict, Kenyan president [[Mwai Kibaki]]'s [[Party of National Unity (Kenya)|Party of National Unity]] (PNU) and [[Raila Odinga]]'s [[Orange Democratic Movement]] (ODM), to participate in the Kenya National Dialogue and Reconciliation Process (KNDR).<ref name="CBSNEWS" /> Over the course of 41 days of negotiations, [[National Accord and Reconciliation Act 2008|several agreements regarding taking actions]] to stop the violence and to remedy its consequences were signed. On 28 February, President Kibaki and Prime Minister Odinga signed a coalition government agreement.<ref name="TTUK">{{cite news|title=Kenya's rival parties reach coalition agreement|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/1580171/Kenyas-rival-parties-reach-coalition-agreement.html|newspaper=The Telegraph|access-date=18 August 2018|date=28 February 2008|location=Nairobi|first1=Mike |last1=Pflanz |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180818182053/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/1580171/Kenyas-rival-parties-reach-coalition-agreement.html|archive-date=18 August 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Kenya Rivals Reach Peace Agreement|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/29/world/africa/29kenya.html|work=The New York Times|date=2008-02-29 |access-date=18 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180818150820/https://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/29/world/africa/29kenya.html|archive-date=18 August 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Joint Special Envoy for Syria ===
{{Main|Kofi Annan Syrian peace plan}}

On 23 February 2012, Annan was appointed as the UN and [[Arab League]] joint special envoy to Syria in an attempt to end the [[Syrian civil war|civil war]] taking place.<ref name=SyriaBBC /> He developed a six-point plan for peace:<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kofi Annan's six-point plan|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2012/3/27/kofi-annans-six-point-plan-for-syria|access-date=2022-04-05|publisher=Al Jazeera|date=2012-03-27|archive-date=1 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180801182553/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2012/03/2012327153111767387.html/|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{blockquote|
# commit to work with the Envoy in an inclusive Syrian-led political process to address the legitimate aspirations and concerns of the Syrian people, and, to this end, commit to appoint an empowered interlocutor when invited to do so by the Envoy;
# commit to stop the fighting and achieve urgently an effective United Nations supervised cessation of armed violence in all its forms by all parties to protect civilians and stabilise the country.
#: To this end, the Syrian government should immediately cease troop movements towards, and end the use of heavy weapons in, population centres, and begin pullback of military concentrations in and around population centres.
#: As these actions are being taken on the ground, the Syrian government should work with the Envoy to bring about a sustained cessation of armed violence in all its forms by all parties with an effective United Nations supervision mechanism.
#: Similar commitments would be sought by the Envoy from the opposition and all relevant elements to stop the fighting and work with him to bring about a sustained cessation of armed violence in all its forms by all parties with an effective United Nations supervision mechanism;
# ensure timely provision of humanitarian assistance to all areas affected by the fighting, and to this end, as immediate steps, to accept and implement a daily two-hour humanitarian pause and to coordinate exact time and modalities of the daily pause through an efficient mechanism, including at local level;
# intensify the pace and scale of release of arbitrarily detained persons, including especially vulnerable categories of persons, and persons involved in peaceful political activities, provide without delay through appropriate channels a list of all places in which such persons are being detained, immediately begin organizing access to such locations and through appropriate channels respond promptly to all written requests for information, access or release regarding such persons;
# ensure freedom of movement throughout the country for journalists and a non-discriminatory visa policy for them;
# respect freedom of association and the right to demonstrate peacefully as legally guaranteed.
}}
On 2 August, he resigned as envoy to Syria,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-08-02|title='Main battle' about to begin in Aleppo, UN peacekeeping chief says|url=https://www.cnn.com/2012/08/02/world/meast/syria-unrest/index.html|access-date=2022-04-05|publisher=CNN|language=en|archive-date=19 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170619190315/http://www.cnn.com/2012/08/02/world/meast/syria-unrest/index.html?hpt=hp_t1|url-status=live}}</ref> citing the intransigence of both the [[Assad government]] and the [[Syrian opposition to Bashar al-Assad|rebels]], as well as the stalemate on the Security Council as preventing any peaceful resolution of the situation.<ref>{{cite web |title=The United Nations in the Heart of Europe {{!}} News & Media {{!}} Transcript of the Press Conference by JSE Kofi Annan |url=http://www.unog.ch/unog/website/news_media.nsf/%28httpNewsByYear_en%29/9483586914CF2E3FC1257A4E00589EE7?OpenDocument&cntxt=FA0FE&cookielang=en |publisher=[[United Nations Office at Geneva]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120918021154/http://www.unog.ch/unog/website/news_media.nsf/%28httpNewsByYear_en%29/9483586914CF2E3FC1257A4E00589EE7?OpenDocument&cntxt=FA0FE&cookielang=en  |archive-date=18 September 2012 |date=2 August 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Annan also stated that the lack of international unity and ineffective diplomacy among world leaders had made the peaceful resolution in Syria an impossible task.<ref>{{cite news|last=Black|first=Ian|title=Kofi Annan resigns as Syria envoy|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/aug/02/kofi-annan-resigns-syria-envoy|access-date=3 August 2012|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|date=2 August 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131027171229/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/aug/02/kofi-annan-resigns-syria-envoy|archive-date=27 October 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>

==== Global Commission on Elections, Democracy and Security ====
Annan served as the chair of the Global Commission on Elections, Democracy and Security.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.idea.int/elections/global-commission-2012/|title=Global Commission on Elections, Democracy and Security &#124; International IDEA|website=idea.int |archive-date=7 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141007204738/http://www.idea.int/elections/global-commission-2012/}}</ref> The commission was launched in May 2011 as a joint initiative of the Kofi Annan Foundation and the [[International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance]]. It comprised 12 eminent individuals from around the world, including [[Ernesto Zedillo]], [[Martti Ahtisaari]], [[Madeleine Albright]] and [[Amartya Sen]], and aimed to highlight the importance of the integrity of elections to achieving a more secure, prosperous and stable world. The Commission released its final report, ''Deepening Democracy, a Strategy to Improve the Integrity of Elections Worldwide'',<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.idea.int/publications/deepening-democracy/loader.cfm?csModule=security/getfile&pageid=54594|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141015080950/http://www.idea.int/publications/deepening-democracy/loader.cfm?csModule=security/getfile&pageid=54594|url-status=dead|archive-date=15 October 2014|title=Publications &#124; International IDEA|website=idea.int}}</ref> in September 2012.

=== Rakhine Commission (Myanmar) ===
In September 2016, Annan was asked to lead the [[Advisory Commission on Rakhine State]], Myanmar,<ref name="protesters_greet_annan">{{Cite news|agency=[[Associated Press]]|title=In Myanmar's Troubled Rakhine State, Protesters Greet Kofi Annan|date=2016-09-06|work=The Wall Street Journal|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/in-myanmars-troubled-rakhine-state-protesters-greet-kofi-annan-1473138653|access-date=2022-04-05|archive-date=18 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180818214507/https://www.wsj.com/articles/in-myanmars-troubled-rakhine-state-protesters-greet-kofi-annan-1473138653|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="panel_head_refutes_2018_07_22_reuters">{{Cite news|date=2018-07-22|title=Myanmar's Rohingya panel head refutes criticism by outgoing secretary|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-myanmar-rohingya-panel-idUSKBN1KC07V|access-date=2022-04-05|archive-date=5 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220405231303/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-myanmar-rohingya-panel-idUSKBN1KC07V|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="rakhine_commission_rcn">{{Cite web|archive-date=2018-08-19|title=Rohingya Crisis News – OFFICIAL INFO – 4A|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180819114351/http://home.iwichita.com/rh1/info/rohingya/4/4a.htm#rakhine_commission|access-date=2022-04-13|url=http://home.iwichita.com/rh1/info/rohingya/4/4a.htm#rakhine_commission}}</ref><ref name="kofi_annan_dies_rcn">{{Cite web|archive-date=2018-08-19|title=Rohingya Crisis News – 2018 NEWS – 5C|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180819114404/http://home.iwichita.com/rh1/info/rohingya/5/5c.htm#kofi_annan_dies|access-date=2022-04-13|url=http://home.iwichita.com/rh1/info/rohingya/5/5c.htm#kofi_annan_dies}}</ref> an impoverished region beset by [[ethnic conflict]] and extreme [[sectarian violence]], particularly by Myanmar's [[Buddhism in Myanmar|Buddhist majority]] against the [[Rohingya people|Rohingya Muslim minority]], further targeted by government forces.<ref>{{cite report |title=Situation of human rights of Rohingya Muslims and other minorities in Myanmar |url=https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/G1613541.pdf |website=[[ReliefWeb]] |access-date=13 April 2022 |date=29 Jun 2016 |archive-date=27 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211127124601/https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/G1613541.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="rohingya_face_campaign_of_terror_nytimes_com">{{Cite news|last=Cumming-Bruce|first=Nick|date=2017-02-03|title=Rohingya Face 'Campaign of Terror' in Myanmar, U.N. Finds|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/03/world/asia/rohingya-myanmar-un-report.html|access-date=2022-04-05|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=18 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180818214524/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/03/world/asia/rohingya-myanmar-un-report.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="we_will_destroy_2018_06_amnesty_intl">{{Cite news|date=2018-06-27|title=Myanmar: Military top brass must face justice for crimes against humanity targeting Rohingya|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2018/06/myanmar-military-top-brass-must-face-justice-for-crimes-against-humanity-targeting-rohingya/|access-date=2022-04-05|publisher=[[Amnesty International]]|language=en|archive-date=19 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180819114510/https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2018/06/myanmar-military-top-brass-must-face-justice-for-crimes-against-humanity-targeting-rohingya/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="military_planned_genocide_2018_07_19_nytimes">{{Cite news|date=2018-07-19|title=Myanmar's Military Planned Rohingya Genocide, Rights Group Says (Published 2018)|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/19/world/asia/myanmar-rohingya-genocide.html|access-date=2022-04-05|archive-date=19 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180819114748/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/19/world/asia/myanmar-rohingya-genocide.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The commission, widely known simply as the "Annan Commission", was opposed by many Myanmar Buddhists as unwelcome interference in their relations with the Rohingya.<ref name="protesters_greet_annan" />

When the Annan Commission released its final report,<ref name="rakhine_commission_rcn" /> the week of 24 August 2017, with recommendations unpopular with all sides, violence exploded in the [[Rohingya conflict]] – the largest and bloodiest [[humanitarian disaster]] in the region in decades – driving most of the Rohingya from Myanmar.<ref name="military_planned_genocide_2018_07_19_nytimes" /><ref name="we_will_destroy_2018_06_amnesty_intl" /><ref name="myanmar_panel_pledges_wash_post">{{Cite news|archive-date=2018-08-19|title=Myanmar panel probing Rohingya crisis pledges independence <!-- The Washington Post-->|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|date=2018-08-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180819182205/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/myanmar-panel-probing-rohingya-crisis-pledges-independence/2018/08/16/6d5c7a2e-a15c-11e8-a3dd-2a1991f075d5_story.html|access-date=2022-04-13|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/myanmar-panel-probing-rohingya-crisis-pledges-independence/2018/08/16/6d5c7a2e-a15c-11e8-a3dd-2a1991f075d5_story.html?utm_term=.390befdbf42d}}</ref> Annan attempted to engage the United Nations to resolve the matter,<ref>{{Cite web|author=((New York Correspondent))|title=Myanmar has to take back Rohingya refugees, Kofi Annan tells UN Security Council|url=https://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/2017/10/14/myanmar-has-to-take-back-rohingya-refugees-kofi-annan-tells-un-security-council|date=2017-10-14|access-date=2022-04-05|website=[[bdnews24.com]]|archive-date=18 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180818214611/https://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/2017/10/14/myanmar-has-to-take-back-rohingya-refugees-kofi-annan-tells-un-security-council|url-status=live}}</ref> but failed.

Annan died a week before the first anniversary of the report, shortly after an announcement by a replacement commission that it would not "point fingers" at the guilty parties – leading to widespread concern that the new commission was just a sham to protect culpable Myanmar government officials and citizens from accountability.<ref name="kofi_annan_dies_rcn" /><ref name="myanmar_panel_pledges_ap">{{Cite web|date=2018-08-16|title=Myanmar panel probing Rohingya crisis pledges independence|url=https://apnews.com/article/b5d5d4a151d1428bb50a81bf3e72a833|access-date=2022-04-05|website=AP News|language=en|archive-date=5 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220405231303/https://apnews.com/article/b5d5d4a151d1428bb50a81bf3e72a833|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="myanmar_panel_pledges_wash_post" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Myanmar's New Rohingya Panel Pledges Impartiality in Probe of Atrocities|url=https://www.rfa.org/english/news/myanmar/myanmars-new-rohingya-panel-pledges-impariality-in-probe-of-atrocities-08162018162341.html|access-date=2022-04-05|publisher=[[Radio Free Asia]]|date=2018-08-16|archive-date=18 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180818182131/https://www.rfa.org/english/news/myanmar/myanmars-new-rohingya-panel-pledges-impariality-in-probe-of-atrocities-08162018162341.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2018, before Annan's death, Myanmar's civilian government, under the direction of State Counsellor [[Aung San Suu Kyi]], made a gesture of acceptance of the Annan commission's recommendations by convening another board – the advisory board for the Committee for Implementation of the Recommendations on Rakhine State – ostensibly to implement the Annan commission's proposed reforms, but never actually implemented them. Some of the international representatives resigned – notably the panel's secretary, Thailand's former foreign minister [[Surakiart Sathirathai]], and former US ambassador to the UN [[Bill Richardson]] – decrying the "implementation" committee as ineffective, or a "whitewash".<ref name="panel_head_refutes_2018_07_22_reuters" /><ref name="whitewash_2018_01_24_nytimes">{{Cite news|last1=Beech|first1=Hannah|last2=Gladstone|first2=Rick|date=2018-01-25|title=Citing 'Whitewash,' Bill Richardson Quits Rohingya Post|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/24/world/asia/bill-richardson-myanmar-rohingya.html|access-date=2022-04-05|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=19 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180819114855/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/24/world/asia/bill-richardson-myanmar-rohingya.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Other activities ===

==== Corporate boards ====
[[File:Kofi Annan (2018).jpg|thumb|upright|Annan during the [[54th Munich Security Conference]] in February 2018]]

In March 2011,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pehub.com/2011/02/annan-among-investcorp-euro-advisory-board-members/|title=Annan Among Investcorp Euro Advisory Board Members|date=14 February 2011|website=pehub.com|access-date=18 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180319004152/https://www.pehub.com/2011/02/annan-among-investcorp-euro-advisory-board-members/|archive-date=19 March 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> Annan became a member of the [[advisory board]] for [[Investcorp]] Bank B. S. C.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/board.asp?privcapId=21185|title=Investcorp Bank B.S.C.: Board of Directors |date=18 March 2018|website=[[Bloomberg News]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170127083245/https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/board.asp?privcapId=21185|archive-date=27 January 2017|access-date=18 March 2018}}</ref> Europe,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.investcorp.com/?/news-and-media/article/investcorp-hosts-international-investors-conference-in-berlin|title=International Investor Conference in Berlin|date=23 March 2014|location=Bahrain|publisher=[[Investcorp]]|quote=Members of the Investcorp's European Advisory Board, including His Excellency Kofi Annan, former Secretary-General of the United Nations, Dr. Ana Palacio, the former Foreign Affairs Minister of Spain and His Excellency Wolfgang Schüssel, the former Chancellor of Austria, discussed the critical issues impacting European and global economies.|access-date=18 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180319004216/https://www.investcorp.com/?%2Fnews-and-media%2Farticle%2Finvestcorp-hosts-international-investors-conference-in-berlin|archive-date=19 March 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> an international [[private equity]] firm and [[sovereign wealth fund]] owned by the United Arab Emirates. He held the position until 2018.

Annan became a member of the Global Advisory Board of Macro Advisory Partners LLP, a [[risk and strategic consulting]] firm based in London and New York City for business, finance and government decision-makers, with some operations related to Investcorp.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.macroadvisorypartners.com/home|title=Strategic advantage in a volatile world|website=macroadvisorypartners.com|quote=[our] Advisors drawn from leadership positions in the worlds of business, finance, politics, diplomacy and technology.|access-date=18 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180319004216/http://www.macroadvisorypartners.com/home|archive-date=19 March 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==== Non-profit organisations ====

In addition to the above, Annan also became involved with several organisations with both global and African focuses, including the following:

* [[United Nations Foundation]], member of the board of directors (2008–2018)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.unfoundation.org/about/board.asp |title=Board of Directors |website=United Nations Foundation |access-date=21 May 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080819142640/http://www.unfoundation.org/about/board.asp |archive-date=19 August 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[University of Ghana]], chancellor (2008–2018)<ref>{{Cite web|date=30 July 2008|title=Kofi Annan appointed Chancellor of University of Ghana|url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/artikel.php?ID=147650|access-date=2022-04-14|website=GhanaWeb|language=en|archive-date=5 August 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080805012529/http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/artikel.php?ID=147650|url-status=live}}</ref>
* School of International and Public Affairs of [[Columbia University]], global fellow (2009–2018)<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://admissionsblog.sipa.columbia.edu/2011/05/19/kofi-annan-graduation-speech/|title=Kofi Annan Graduation Speech|date=19 May 2011|work=SIPA Admissions|access-date=19 August 2018|publisher=Columbia University|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180623175723/http://admissionsblog.sipa.columbia.edu/2011/05/19/kofi-annan-graduation-speech/|archive-date=23 June 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* The Committee on Global Thought at [[Columbia University]], fellow<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cgt.columbia.edu/about/people/committee-fellows/kofi-annan/|title=Kofi Annan|website=Committee on Global Thought|publisher=Columbia University|language=en-US|access-date=19 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180624032311/https://cgt.columbia.edu/about/people/committee-fellows/kofi-annan/|archive-date=24 June 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy]] at the [[National University of Singapore]] (NUS), Li Ka Shing Professor (2009–2018)<ref>{{cite news |title=Kofi Annan joins LKY school |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090906063140/http://www.straitstimes.com/Breaking+News/Singapore/Story/STIStory_424801.html |work=[[The Straits Times]] |date=Sep 3, 2009 |url=http://www.straitstimes.com/Breaking+News/Singapore/Story/STIStory_424801.html |archive-date=6 September 2009}}</ref>
* [[Global Centre for Pluralism]], member of the board of directors (2010–2018)<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://the.ismaili/news/mawlana-hazar-imam-visits-ottawa-inaugural-global-pluralism-board-meeting-meets-governor|title=Mawlana Hazar Imam visits Ottawa for inaugural Global Centre for Pluralism board meeting; meets with Governor General of Canada|date=8 October 2010|website=the.ismaili|access-date=19 August 2018|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180819214256/https://the.ismaili/news/mawlana-hazar-imam-visits-ottawa-inaugural-global-pluralism-board-meeting-meets-governor|archive-date=19 August 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite press release|title=In Memoriam – Kofi Annan (1938–2018)|url=https://www.pluralism.ca/press-release/in-memoriam-kofi-annan-1938-2018/|access-date=31 January 2021|publisher=Global Centre for Pluralism|date=August 2018|archive-date=5 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210205205001/https://www.pluralism.ca/press-release/in-memoriam-kofi-annan-1938-2018/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[Mo Ibrahim]] Prize for Achievement in African Leadership, chairman of the prize committee (2007–2018)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/200704020018.html|title=Kofi Annan is Appointed Chairman of Prize Committee for the Mo Ibrahim Prize|work=[[AllAfrica]]|date=2007-04-02|access-date=19 August 2018}}</ref>
* [[Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa]] (AGRA), chairman (2007–2018)<ref>{{cite press release|url=https://www.gatesfoundation.org/Media-Center/Press-Releases/2007/06/Kofi-Annan-Appointed-as-Chair-of-the-Board-for-the-Alliance-for-a-Green-Revolution-in-Africa|title=Kofi Annan Appointed as Chair of the Board for the Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa|publisher=[[Gates Foundation]]|language=en|access-date=19 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180820005658/https://www.gatesfoundation.org/Media-Center/Press-Releases/2007/06/Kofi-Annan-Appointed-as-Chair-of-the-Board-for-the-Alliance-for-a-Green-Revolution-in-Africa|archive-date=20 August 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[Global Humanitarian Forum]], founder and president (2007–2018)<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/a-13-2007-06-29-voa57/404268.html|title=Kofi Annan Launches Global Humanitarian Forum|date=1 November 2009|publisher=[[Voice of America]]|access-date=19 August 2018|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180820005712/https://www.voanews.com/a/a-13-2007-06-29-voa57/404268.html|archive-date=20 August 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Global Commission on Drug Policy]], founding commissioner.{{sfn|Mallea|2014|page={{pli|{{GBurl|id=JepoAQAAQBAJ|pg=PA32}}|32}}{{spaces|2|thin}}{{limited access}}}} The commission had declared in a 2011 report that the [[war on drugs]] was a failure.{{sfn|Murphy|2013|page={{pli|{{GBurl|id=r-dMAgAAQBAJ|pg=PA319}}|319}}{{spaces|2|thin}}{{limited access}}}} Annan believed that, since drug use represents a health risk, it should be [[Regulation of therapeutic goods|regulated]], comparing it to the [[Tobacco control|regulation of tobacco]] which reduced smoking in many countries.{{sfn|Reveron|Mahoney-Norris|2018|page={{pli|{{GBurl|id=-JBoDwAAQBAJ|pg=PT105}}|105}}{{spaces|2|thin}}{{limited access}}}}

[[File:Ranjit Bhaskar Juba, jan 9, 2011042 - Flickr - Al Jazeera English.jpg|thumb|Annan during the [[2011 South Sudanese independence referendum|South Sudanese independence referendum]] with fellow elder [[Jimmy Carter]], 2011]]

Annan served as chair of [[The Elders (organization)|The Elders]], a group of independent global leaders who work together on peace and human rights issues.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theelders.org/article/kofi-annan-appointed-chair-elders|title=Kofi Annan appointed Chair of The Elders|website=TheElders.org|date=10 May 2013|access-date=23 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130623005759/http://www.theelders.org/article/kofi-annan-appointed-chair-elders|archive-date=23 June 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theelders.org/kofi-annan|title=Kofi Annan|website=TheElders.org|access-date=6 March 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130306035553/http://theelders.org/kofi-annan|archive-date=6 March 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> In November 2008, Annan and fellow elders [[Jimmy Carter]] and Graça Machel attempted to travel to Zimbabwe to make a first-hand assessment of the humanitarian situation in the country. Refused entry, the Elders instead carried out their assessment from Johannesburg, where they met Zimbabwe- and South Africa-based leaders from politics, business, international organisations, and civil society.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-zimbabwe-politics-annan-idUSTRE4AL19320081122|title=Annan, Carter say barred from Zimbabwe|work=Reuters|date=22 November 2008|access-date=6 March 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130504143402/http://www.reuters.com/article/2008/11/22/us-zimbabwe-politics-annan-idUSTRE4AL19320081122|archive-date=4 May 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> In May 2011, following months of political violence in Côte d'Ivoire, Annan travelled to the country with elders [[Desmond Tutu]] and [[Mary Robinson]] to encourage [[National Reconciliation (Afghanistan)|national reconciliation]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theelders.org/article/elders-encourage-plans-truth-and-reconciliation-process-cote-divoire|title=The Elders encourage plans for truth and reconciliation process in Côte d'Ivoire|website=TheElders.org|date=2 May 2011|access-date=6 March 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130214234011/http://www.theelders.org/article/elders-encourage-plans-truth-and-reconciliation-process-cote-divoire|archive-date=14 February 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> On 16 October 2014, Annan attended the One Young World Summit in Dublin. During a session with fellow elder Mary Robinson, Annan encouraged 1,300 young leaders from 191 countries to lead on intergenerational issues such as climate change and the need for action to take place now, not tomorrow:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oneyoungworld.com/news/kofi-annan-partners-one-young-world-hold-global-discussion-young-leaders|title=Kofi Annan Partners With One Young World To Hold Global Discussion With Young People|website=oneyoungworld.com |access-date=14 January 2016|date=7 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101052503/http://www.oneyoungworld.com/news/kofi-annan-partners-one-young-world-hold-global-discussion-young-leaders|archive-date=1 January 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hv6eMG2QJuQ|title=Kofi Annan – The One Young World Summit 2014|date=17 October 2014|access-date=14 January 2016|via=YouTube|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160103070401/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hv6eMG2QJuQ|archive-date=3 January 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{blockquote| We don't have to wait to act. The action must be now. You will come across people who think we should start tomorrow. Even for those who believe action should begin tomorrow, remind them tomorrow begins now, tomorrow begins today, so let's all move forward.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.independent.ie/irish-news/one-young-world/kofi-annan-tells-one-young-world-we-must-tackle-climate-change-now-30670197.html|title=Kofi Annan tells One Young World: 'We must tackle climate change now '|work=Irish Independent|date= 16 Oct 2014 |access-date=14 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205155454/http://www.independent.ie/irish-news/one-young-world/kofi-annan-tells-one-young-world-we-must-tackle-climate-change-now-30670197.html|archive-date=5 February 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>}}

Annan chaired the [[Africa Progress Panel]] (APP), a group of ten distinguished individuals who advocate at the highest levels for equitable and sustainable development in Africa. As chair, he facilitated coalition building to leverage and broker knowledge, in addition to convening decision-makers to influence policy and create lasting change in Africa.{{Promotion inline|date=April 2022}} Every year, the Panel releases a report, the Africa Progress Report,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.africaprogresspanel.org/en/publications/annual-reports/|title=Africa Progress Panel – Africa Progress Reports|archive-date=23 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130123102857/http://www.africaprogresspanel.org/en/publications/annual-reports/}}</ref> which outlines an issue of immediate importance to the continent and suggests a set of associated policies. In 2014, the Report highlighted the potential of African fisheries, agriculture, and forests to drive [[economic development]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://app-cdn.acwupload.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/APP_APR2014_24june.pdf|title=Africa Progress Report 2014|publisher=Africa Progress Panel|access-date=6 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160401062157/http://app-cdn.acwupload.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/APP_APR2014_24june.pdf|archive-date=1 April 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> The 2015 report explores the role of climate change and the potential of [[renewable energy]] investments in determining Africa's economic future.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://app-cdn.acwupload.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/APP_REPORT_2015_FINAL_low1.pdf|title=Power People Planet: Seizing Africa's Energy and Climate Opportunities|publisher=Africa Progress Panel|access-date=6 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161125144301/http://app-cdn.acwupload.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/APP_REPORT_2015_FINAL_low1.pdf|archive-date=25 November 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>

'''Prioritisation of snakebite in the WHO'''

Kofi Annan played a pivotal role in getting a WHO resolution on halving the burden of snakebite in late 2020's.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Bhaumik |first1=Soumyadeep |last2=Zwi |first2=Anthony B. |last3=Norton |first3=Robyn |last4=Jagnoor |first4=Jagnoor |date=2023-08-01 |title=How and why snakebite became a global health priority: a policy analysis |url=https://gh.bmj.com/content/8/8/e011923 |journal=BMJ Global Health |language=en |volume=8 |issue=8 |pages=e011923 |doi=10.1136/bmjgh-2023-011923 |issn=2059-7908 |pmc=10445399 |pmid=37604596 |access-date=29 August 2023 |archive-date=24 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230824061447/https://gh.bmj.com/content/8/8/e011923 |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Memoir ===
{{Main|Interventions: A Life in War and Peace}}
On 4 September 2012, Annan with [[Nader Mousavizadeh]] wrote a memoir, ''Interventions: A Life in War and Peace''.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Colum|first1=Lynch|title=Kofi Annan's memoir, 'Interventions: A Life in War and Peace'|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/books/kofi-annans-memoir-interventions-a-life-in-war-and-peace/2012/09/21/37138592-eefd-11e1-afd8-097e90f99d05_story.html?noredirect=on|date=2012-09-21|newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=18 August 2018|archive-date=18 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180818150742/https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/books/kofi-annans-memoir-interventions-a-life-in-war-and-peace/2012/09/21/37138592-eefd-11e1-afd8-097e90f99d05_story.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Published by [[Penguin Group|Penguin Press]], the book has been described as a "personal biography of [[Power (international relations)|global statecraft]]".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newyorker.com/books/page-turner/in-the-news-oates-honored-obama-in-kickassistan|title=In the News: Oates Honored, Obama in Kickassistan|last=Wanger|first=Shoko|date=9 April 2009|magazine=The New Yorker|access-date=18 August 2018|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180819051043/https://www.newyorker.com/books/page-turner/in-the-news-oates-honored-obama-in-kickassistan|archive-date=19 August 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>