Editing Indo-Aryan languages (section)

==== New Indo-Aryan ====
===== Medieval Hindustani =====
{{Main|Hindustani language}}
{{See also|History of Hindustani}}
In the [[Central Zone (Hindi)|Central Zone Hindi]]-speaking areas, for a long time the [[prestige dialect]] was [[Braj Bhasha]], but this was replaced in the 13th century by [[Dehlavi dialect|Dehlavi]]-based [[Hindustani language|Hindustani]]. Hindustani was strongly influenced by [[Persian language|Persian]], with these and later Sanskrit influence leading to the emergence of Modern Standard Hindi and Modern Standard [[Urdu]] as [[register (sociolinguistics)|register]]s of the Hindustani language.<ref name="KulshreshthaMathur2012">{{cite book|last1=Kulshreshtha |first1=Manisha |last2=Mathur |first2=Ramkumar |title=Dialect Accent Features for Establishing Speaker Identity: A Case Study |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xHmARyhRoNYC&pg=PA16|date=24 March 2012 |publisher=[[Springer Science & Business Media]] |isbn=978-1-4614-1137-6 |page=16}}</ref><ref name="nunley1999">{{cite book|title=The Cultural Landscape an Introduction to Human Geography |first1=Robert E. |last1=Nunley |first2=Severin M. |last2=Roberts |first3=George W. |last3=Wubrick |first4=Daniel L. |last4=Roy |year=1999 |isbn=978-0-13-080180-7 |publisher=[[Prentice Hall]] |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7wQAOGMJOqIC |quote=... Hindustani is the basis for both languages ...}}</ref> This state of affairs continued until the division of the British Indian Empire in 1947, when Hindi became the official language in India and [[Urdu]] became official in Pakistan. Despite the different script the fundamental grammar remains identical, the difference is more [[sociolinguistics|sociolinguistic]] than purely linguistic.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://india_resource.tripod.com/Urdu.html |title=Urdu and its Contribution to Secular Values |publisher=South Asian Voice |access-date=26 February 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071111145027/http://india_resource.tripod.com/Urdu.html |archive-date=11 November 2007 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://mesa.ucdavis.edu/academics/languages-1/hindu-urdu |title=Hindi/Urdu Language Instruction |publisher=[[University of California]], Davis |access-date=3 January 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150103095430/http://mesa.ucdavis.edu/academics/languages-1/hindu-urdu |archive-date=3 January 2015 }}</ref><ref name="Ethnologue Report for Hindi">{{cite web|url=http://www.ethnologue.org/show_language.asp?code=hin |title=Ethnologue Report for Hindi |publisher=[[Ethnologue]] |access-date=26 February 2008}}</ref> Today it is widely understood/spoken as a second or third language throughout South Asia<ref>{{cite book|first=Otto |last=Zwartjes |title=Portuguese Missionary Grammars in Asia, Africa and Brazil, 1550–1800 |publisher=[[John Benjamins Publishing]] |date=2011 |isbn=978-9027283252}}</ref> and one of the most widely known languages in the world in terms of number of speakers.