Editing Ice (section)

===Air travel===
{{Further|Icing conditions|Carburetor icing}}
[[File:Some Ice on the boots (1527659244).jpg|thumb|right|Rime ice on the leading edge of an aircraft wing. When the build-up is too large, the black [[deicing boot]] inflates to shake it off <ref>{{cite magazine |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=XygDAAAAMBAJ&dq=Popular+Science+1931+plane&pg=PA28 |title = Overshoes For Planes End Ice Danger |date = November 1931 |magazine = Popular Science |page = 28 |via = Google Books }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |first = William M. |last = Leary |title = We Freeze to Please: A History of NASA's Icing Research Tunnel and the Quest for Flight Safety |date = 2002 |location = Washington, DC |publisher = National Aeronautics and Space Administration |page = 10 |oclc = 49558649 }}</ref>]]
For aircraft, ice can cause a number of dangers. As an aircraft climbs, it passes through air layers of different temperature and humidity, some of which may be conducive to ice formation. If ice forms on the wings or control surfaces, this may adversely affect the flying qualities of the aircraft. In 1919, during the [[Transatlantic flight of Alcock and Brown|first non-stop flight across the Atlantic]], the British aviators Captain [[John Alcock (RAF officer)|John Alcock]] and Lieutenant [[Arthur Whitten Brown]] encountered such icing conditions&nbsp;– Brown left the cockpit and climbed onto the wing several times to remove ice which was covering the engine air intakes of the [[Vickers Vimy]] aircraft they were flying.<ref>{{cite web |date=22 July 2014 |title=Capt. John Alcock and Lt. Arthur Whitten Brown |url=http://www.aviation-history.com/airmen/alcock.htm |publisher=The Aviation History On-Line Museum }}</ref>

One vulnerability effected by icing that is associated with reciprocating internal combustion engines is the [[carburetor]]. As air is sucked through the carburetor into the engine, the local air pressure is lowered, which causes [[adiabatic]] cooling. Thus, in humid near-freezing conditions, the carburetor will be colder, and tend to ice up. This will block the supply of air to the engine, and cause it to fail. Between 1969 and 1975, 468 such instances were recorded, causing 75 aircraft losses, 44 fatalities and 202 serious injuries.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Newman |first1=Richard L. |year=1981 |title=Carburetor Ice Flight Testing: Use of an Anti-Icing Fuel Additive |journal=Journal of Aircraft |volume=18 |issue=1 |pages=5–6 |doi=10.2514/3.57458 }}</ref> Thus, [[Carburetor heat|carburetor air intake heaters]] were developed. Further, reciprocating engines with [[fuel injection]] do not require carburetors in the first place.<ref>{{cite book
| title=Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge, FAA-H-8083-25B |date=2016 |publisher=US Dept. of Transportation, FAA |pages=7–10 |url=https://www.faa.gov/regulations_policies/handbooks_manuals/aviation/phak/media/09_phak_ch7.pdf |chapter=Chapter 7: Aircraft Systems |archive-date=2022-12-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221206115041/https://www.faa.gov/regulations_policies/handbooks_manuals/aviation/phak/media/09_phak_ch7.pdf |quote=Carburetor heat is an anti-icing system that preheats the air before it reaches the carburetor and is intended to keep the fuel-air mixture above freezing to prevent the formation of carburetor ice. |access-date=2023-02-26}}</ref>

Jet engines do not experience carb icing, but they can be affected by the moisture inherently present in [[jet fuel]] freezing and forming ice crystals, which can potentially clog up fuel intake to the engine. Fuel heaters and/or de-icing additives are used to address the issue.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schmitz |first1=Mathias |last2=Schmitz |first2=Gerhard |date=15 August 2022 |title=Experimental study on the accretion and release of ice in aviation jet fuel |journal=Aerospace Science and Technology |volume=83 |pages=294–303 |doi=10.1016/j.oceaneng.2022.111501 |bibcode=2022OcEng.25811501M }}</ref>