Editing Hygiene (section)

=== Household water treatment and safe storage ===
[[File:Indonesia-sodis-gross.jpg|thumb|[[Solar water disinfection|Solar water disinfection (SODIS)]] application in [[Indonesia]] using clear [[Polyethylene terephthalate|polyethylene terephthalate (PET)]] plastic beverage bottles]]
Household water treatment and safe storage ensure drinking water is safe for consumption. These interventions are part of the approach of [[Self-supply of water and sanitation|self-supply of water]] for households.<ref>{{Citation|first1=Cindy R.|last1=Priadi|first2=Gita Lestari|last2=Putri|first3=Tim|last3=Foster|first4=Juliet|last4=Willetts|first5=Mitsunori|last5=Odagiri|date=February 2022 |title=Self-supply for safely managed water: To promote or to deter? |url=https://www.unicef.org/indonesia/media/13706/file/Self-supply%20for%20safely%20managed%20water.pdf}}</ref> [[drinking water|Drinking water quality]] remains a significant problem in developing<ref name="WHO2007">{{cite web |date=2007 |title=Combating waterborne disease at the household level |url=https://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/publications/combating_diseasepart1lowres.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308084514/https://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/publications/combating_diseasepart1lowres.pdf|archive-date=2021-03-08|publisher=World Health Organization}}</ref> and in developed countries;<ref name="IFHhhwater">{{cite web |first1=K. J.|last1=Nath|first2=Sally|last2=Bloomfield|first3=Martin|last3=Jones|year=2006 |title=Household water storage, handling and point-of-use treatment |url=https://ifh-homehygiene.org/review-best-practice/household-water-storage-handling-and-point-use-treatment/ |publisher=International Scientific Forum on Home Hygiene}}</ref> even in the European region it is estimated that 120 million people do not have access to [[drinking water|safe drinking water]]. Point-of-use water quality interventions can reduce diarrheal disease in communities where water quality is poor or in emergency situations where there is a breakdown in water supply.<ref name="WHO2007" /><ref name="IFHhhwater" /><ref>{{cite web |date=2008 |title=Water quality interventions to prevent diarrhoea: Cost and cost-effectiveness |url=https://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/publications/prevent_diarrhoea/en/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160930094757/http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/publications/prevent_diarrhoea/en/ |archive-date=September 30, 2016 |website=World Health Organization}}</ref><ref name="who2005-wateremergenciesdisasters">{{cite web |date=2005 |title=Household Water Treatment and Safe Storage Following Emergencies and Disasters |url=https://www.who.int/household_water/resources/emergencies.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220301172138/https://www.who.int/household_water/resources/emergencies.pdf|archive-date=2022-03-01|website=World Health Organisation}}</ref>
Since water can become contaminated during storage at home (e.g. by contact with contaminated hands or using dirty storage vessels), [[household water storage|safe storage of water]] in the home is important.

Methods for treatment of drinking water at the household level include:<ref name="hygiene procedures" /><ref name="who2005-wateremergenciesdisasters" />
* chemical disinfection using chlorine or iodine
* boiling
* filtration using ceramic filters
* solar disinfection — Solar disinfection is an effective method, especially when no chemical disinfectants are available.<ref>{{cite web |date=2002 |title=Managing water in the home |url=https://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/publications/wsh0207/en/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160518010409/http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/publications/wsh0207/en/ |archive-date=May 18, 2016 |website=World Health Organization}}</ref>
* UV irradiation — Community or household UV systems may be batch or flow-though. The lamps can be suspended above the water channel or submerged in the water flow.
* combined flocculation/disinfection systems — available as sachets of powder that act by coagulating and flocculating sediments in water followed by release of chlorine
* multibarrier methods — Some systems use two or more of the above treatments in combination or in succession to optimize efficacy.
* [[portable water purification]] devices