Editing History of Taiwan (section)

===Settler expansion (1684–1795)===
[[File:臺灣地里圖竹塹局部.jpg|thumb|Section of a painting depicting daily life of the [[Taokas people]], 1684–1722]]
[[File:1684 台灣地理圖.jpg|thumb|Section of [[Kangxi Emperor|Kangxi]] period painting of Taiwan, 1684–1722]]
[[File:1685 Taiwan.svg|thumb|Administrative units of Taiwan under the Qing dynasty in 1685<ref>{{cite web | url=http://thcts.ascc.net/themes/rc03-1.php | title=清代臺灣行政區劃沿革 }}</ref>]]
[[File:1734 Taiwan.svg|thumb|Administrative units of Taiwan under the Qing dynasty in 1734<ref>{{cite web | url=http://thcts.ascc.net/themes/rc03-3.php | title=清代臺灣行政區劃沿革 }}</ref>]]

From 1661 to 1796, the Qing restricted expansion of territory in Taiwan. Taiwan was garrisoned with 8,000 soldiers at key ports and civil administration was kept to a minimum. Three prefectures nominally covered the entire western plains but effective administration covered a smaller area. A permit was required for settlers to go beyond the mid-point of the western plains. In 1715, the governor-general of [[Fujian]]-[[Zhejiang]] recommended land reclamation in Taiwan but the [[Kangxi Emperor]] was worried that this would cause instability and conflicts.{{sfn|Ye|2019|p=46–47}}

Under the reign of the [[Yongzheng Emperor]] (r. 1722–1735), the Qing extended control over the entire western plains to better control settlers and maintain security. This was not an active colonization policy but a reflection of continued illegal crossings and land reclamation. After the [[Zhu Yigui]] uprising in 1721, Lan Dingyuan, an advisor to Lan Tingzhen, who led forces against the rebellion, advocated for land reclamation to strengthen government control over Chinese settlers and to incorporate aboriginals under their administration.{{sfn|Ye|2019|p=47–49}}

Under the reign of the [[Qianlong Emperor]] (r. 1735–1796), the administrative structure of Taiwan remained largely unchanged. After the [[Lin Shuangwen rebellion]] in 1786, Qianlong agreed that leaving fertile lands to unproductive aborigines only attracted illegal settlers.{{sfn|Ye|2019|p=49}} The Qing did little to administer the aborigines and rarely tried to impose control over them. Aborigines were classified into two categories: acculturated aborigines (''shufan'') and non-acculturated aborigines (''shengfan''). To the Qing, ''shufan'' were aborigines who paid taxes and had adopted Han Chinese culture. When the Qing annexed Taiwan, there were 46 aboriginal villages under government control, likely inherited from the Zheng regime. In the Yongzheng period, 108 aboriginal villages submitted as a result of enticement from the regional commander, Lin Liang. ''Shengfan'' who paid taxes but did not practice Han Chinese culture were called ''guihua shengfan'' (submitted non-acculturated aborigines).{{sfn|Ye|2019|p=49–50}}

The Qianlong administration forbade enticing aborigines to submit due to fear of conflict. In the early Qianlong period, there were 299 named aboriginal villages. Records show 93 ''shufan'' villages and 61 ''guihua shengfan'' villages. The number of ''shufan'' villages remained stable throughout the Qianlong period. Two aboriginal affairs sub-prefects were appointed to manage aboriginal affairs in 1766. One in charge of the north and the other in charge of the south. Boundaries were built to keep the mountain aborigines out of settlement areas. The policy of marking settler boundaries and segregating them from aboriginal territories became official policy in 1722. Fifty-four stelae were used to mark crucial points along the boundary. Settlers were forbidden from crossing into aboriginal territory but settler encroachment continued, and the boundaries were rebuilt in 1750, 1760, 1784, and 1790. Settlers were forbidden from marrying aborigines as marriage was one way to obtain land.{{sfn|Ye|2019|p=50–55}}

{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:center"
|-style="background:#CCCC;" 
! Taiwan Population Data
|-
! Year || Chinese || Aboriginal || Total
|-
| 1623 || 1,500{{sfn|Andrade|2008f}} || 
|-
| 1652 || 25,000{{sfn|Andrade|2008h}} ||
|-
| 1654 || || 100,000{{sfn|Ye|2019|p=21}} ||
|-
| 1661 || 35,000{{sfn|Ye|2019|p=27}} || ||
|-
| 1664 || 50,000{{sfn|Rubinstein|1999|p=10}} ||
|-
| 1683 || 120,000{{sfn|Ye|2019|p=29}} || ||
|-
| 1756 || 660,147{{sfn|Shepherd|1993|p=155}} || ||
|-
| 1777 || 839,803{{sfn|Shepherd|1993|p=156}} || ||
|-
| 1782 || 912,000{{sfn|Rubinstein|1999|p=136}} || ||
|-
| 1790 || 950,000{{sfn|Ye|2019|p=34}} || ||
|-
| 1811 || 1,944,747{{sfn|Ye|2019|p=57}} || ||
|- 
| 1824 || 1,786,883{{sfn|Rubinstein|1999|p=136}} || ||
|-
| 1893 || 2,545,000{{sfn|Rubinstein|1999|p=177}} || ||
|-
| 1905 || 2,492,784{{sfn|Rubinstein|1999|p=10}} || 82,795{{sfn|Rubinstein|1999|p=10}} || 3,039,751{{sfn|Rubinstein|1999|p=10}}
|- 
| 1915 || || || 3,325,755{{sfn|Shepherd|1993|p=161}}
|-
| 1925 || || || 3,993,408{{sfn|Rubinstein|1999|p=10}} 
|-
| 1935 || || || 5,212,426{{sfn|Rubinstein|1999|p=10}}
|-
| 1945 || || || 6,560,000{{sfn|Rubinstein|1999|p=10}}
|-
| 1955 || || || 9,078,000{{sfn|Rubinstein|1999|p=10}}
|-
| 1958 || || || 10,000,000{{sfn|Rubinstein|1999|p=331}}
|-
| 1965 || || || 12,628,000{{sfn|Rubinstein|1999|p=10}} 
|-
| 1975 || || || 16,150,000{{sfn|Rubinstein|1999|p=10}} 
|- 
| 1985 || || || 19,258,000{{sfn|Rubinstein|1999|p=10}}
|-
| 1995 || || || 21,300,000{{sfn|Rubinstein|1999|p=10}}
|-
| 2015 || || 546,700{{sfn|Ye|2019|p=13}} ||
|-
| 2018 || || || 23,550,000{{sfn|Li|2019|p=5}}
|}

{{wide image|File:臺灣地里圖1.jpg|750px|Painting of Taiwan (note the architectural difference between indigenous and Chinese inhabited areas), [[Kangxi Emperor|Kangxi]] period, 1684–1722}}