Editing History of England (section)

===A Time of Turmoil===
{{main|Black Death in England}}
[[The Black Death]], an epidemic of [[bubonic plague]] that spread all over Europe, arrived in England in 1348 and killed as much as a third to half the population. Military conflicts during this period were usually with domestic neighbours such as the Welsh, Irish, and Scots, and included the [[Hundred Years' War]] against the French and their [[Scottish people|Scottish]] allies. Notable English victories in the Hundred Years' War included [[Battle of Crécy|Crécy]] and [[Battle of Agincourt|Agincourt]]. The final defeat of the uprising led by the Welsh prince, [[Owain Glyndŵr]], in 1412 by Prince Henry (who later became [[Henry V of England|Henry V]]) represents the last major armed attempt by the Welsh to throw off English rule.

[[Edward III of England|Edward III]] gave land to powerful noble families, including many people of royal lineage. Because land was equivalent to power, these powerful men could try to claim the crown. When Edward III died in 1377, he was succeeded by his grandson, [[Richard II of England|Richard II]]. Richard's autocratic and arrogant methods only served to alienate the nobility more, and his forceful dispossession in 1399 by [[Henry IV of England|Henry IV]] increased the turmoil.

Henry spent much of his reign defending himself against plots, rebellions and assassination attempts.

Rebellions continued throughout the first ten years of Henry's reign, including the revolt of [[Owain Glyndŵr]], who declared himself [[Prince of Wales]] in 1400, and the rebellion of [[Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland]]. The king's success in putting down these rebellions was due partly to the military ability of his eldest son, [[Henry V of England|Henry of Monmouth]],<ref>{{Cite EB1911 |wstitle=English History |volume=9 |page=511 |first=Charles |last=Oman |author-link=Charles Oman}}</ref> who later became king (though the son managed to seize much effective power from his father in 1410).