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===Legacy of annexation on Hawaiian land=== In 1897, over 21,000 Natives, representing the overwhelming majority of adult Hawaiians, signed anti-annexation petitions in one of the first examples of protest against the overthrow of Queen Lili{{okina}}uokalani's government.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Trask |first=Haunani-Kay |date=2000 |title=Native Social Capital: The Case of Hawaiian Sovereignty and Ka Lahui Hawaii |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4532510 |journal=Policy Sciences |volume=33 |issue=3/4 |pages=375β385 |doi=10.1023/A:1004870517612 |jstor=4532510 |s2cid=152872242 |issn=0032-2687}}</ref> Nearly 100 years later, in 1993, 17,000 Hawaiians marched to demand access and control over Hawaiian trust lands and as part of the modern Hawaiian sovereignty movement.<ref name="LaDuke 2017">{{Cite book |first=Winona |last=LaDuke |url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/1099066009 |title=All our relations : native struggles for land and life |date=2017 |publisher=Haymarket Books |isbn=978-1-60846-661-0 |oclc=1099066009}}</ref> Hawaiian trust land ownership and use is still widely contested as a consequence of annexation. According to scholar Winona LaDuke, as of 2015, 95% of Hawai{{okina}}i's land was owned or controlled by just 82 landholders, including over 50% by federal and state governments, as well as the established sugar and pineapple companies.<ref name="LaDuke 2017"/> The [[Thirty Meter Telescope]] is planned to be built on Hawaiian trust land, but has faced resistance as the project {{Clarify span|date=April 2023|text=interferes with Kanaka indigeneity.}}<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Casumbal-Salazar |first=Iokepa |date=2017 |title=A Fictive Kinship: Making 'Modernity,' 'Ancient Hawaiians,' and the Telescopes on Mauna Kea |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5749/natiindistudj.4.2.0001 |journal=Native American and Indigenous Studies |volume=4 |issue=2 |pages=1β30 |doi=10.5749/natiindistudj.4.2.0001 |jstor=10.5749/natiindistudj.4.2.0001 |s2cid=165414887 |issn=2332-1261}}</ref>
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