Editing Hallucination (section)

===Drug-induced hallucination===
{{main|Hallucinogen}}
Drug-induced hallucinations are caused by [[hallucinogen]]s, [[dissociative]]s, and [[deliriants]], including many drugs with [[anticholinergic]] actions and certain stimulants, which are known to cause visual and auditory hallucinations. Some psychedelics such as [[lysergic acid diethylamide]] (LSD) and [[psilocybin]] can cause hallucinations that range in the spectrum of mild to intense.{{citation needed|date=January 2024}}

Hallucinations, [[pseudohallucination]]s, or intensification of [[pareidolia]], particularly auditory, are known side effects of [[opioid]]s to different degrees—it may be associated with the absolute degree of agonism or antagonism of especially the [[kappa opioid receptor]], [[sigma receptor]]s, [[delta opioid receptor]] and the [[NMDA receptor]]s or the overall receptor activation profile as synthetic opioids like those of the [[pentazocine]], [[levorphanol]], [[fentanyl]], [[pethidine]], [[methadone]] and some other families are more associated with this side effect than natural opioids like [[morphine]] and [[codeine]] and semi-synthetics like [[hydromorphone]], amongst which there also appears to be a stronger correlation with the relative analgesic strength. Three opioids, [[Cyclazocine]] (a benzormorphan opioid/pentazocine relative) and two levorphanol-related [[morphinan]] opioids, [[Cyclorphan]] and Dextrorphan are classified as hallucinogens, and [[Dextromethorphan]] as a dissociative.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/fentanyl-transdermal-route/side-effects/drg-20068152|title=Fentanyl (Transdermal Route) Side Effects - Mayo Clinic|website=[[Mayo Clinic]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180424203224/https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/fentanyl-transdermal-route/side-effects/drg-20068152|archive-date=2018-04-24|url-status=live|access-date=2018-04-24}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.drugs.com/pro/talwin-injection.html |title=Talwin Injection - FDA prescribing information, side effects and uses |access-date=2018-04-24 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180424202933/https://www.drugs.com/pro/talwin-injection.html |archive-date=2018-04-24 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://healthyliving.azcentral.com/prescription-drugs-that-can-cause-hallucinations-12212355.html|title=Prescription Drugs That Can Cause Hallucinations|website=azcentral.com|access-date=2018-04-24|archive-date=2021-08-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210828095840/https://healthyliving.azcentral.com/marijuanas-effect-on-depakote-for-manic-depression-12248490.html|url-status=live}}</ref> These drugs also can induce sleep (relating to hypnagogic hallucinations) and especially the pethidines have atropine-like [[anticholinergic]] activity, which was possibly also a limiting factor in the use, the psychotomimetic side effects of potentiating morphine, [[oxycodone]], and other opioids with [[scopolamine]] (respectively in the Twilight Sleep technique and the combination drug Skophedal, which was eukodal (oxycodone), scopolamine and [[ephedrine]], called the "wonder drug of the 1930s" after its invention in Germany in 1928, but only rarely specially compounded today) (q.q.v.).<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Trauner R, Obwegeser H | title = The surgical correction of mandibular prognathism and retrognathia with consideration of genioplasty. I. Surgical procedures to correct mandibular prognathism and reshaping of the chin | journal = Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, and Oral Pathology | volume = 10 | issue = 7 | pages = 677–89; contd | date = July 1957 | pmid = 13441284 | doi = 10.1016/S0030-4220(57)80063-2 }}</ref>