Editing Halley's Comet (section)

==References==
{{Reflist|refs=

<ref name=MPC>{{cite web|title=1P/Halley Orbit|url=https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=1P|publisher=[[Minor Planet Center]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220704122451/https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=1P|archive-date=4 July 2022|url-status=live|access-date=28 June 2022}} (epoch 451 is 79.29 years)</ref>

<ref name="Peale1989November">{{Cite journal|first=Stanton J.|last=Peale|author-link=Stanton J. Peale|title=On the density of Halley's comet|journal=[[Icarus (journal)|Icarus]]|volume=82|issue=1|pages=36–49|date=1989|doi=10.1016/0019-1035(89)90021-3|quote=densities obtained by this procedure are in reasonable agreement with intuitive expectations of densities near 1&nbsp;g/cm3, the uncertainties in several parameters and assumptions expand the error bars so far as to make the constraints on the density uniformative&nbsp;... suggestion that cometary nuclei tend to by very fluffy,&nbsp;... should not yet be adopted as a paradigm of cometary physics.|bibcode=1989Icar...82...36P}}</ref>

<ref name="AsNa1836">{{Cite journal|first1=Etienne|last1=Dumouchel|title=Vermischte Nachrichten|journal=[[Astronomische Nachrichten]]|volume=13|issue=1|pages=16|date=1836}}</ref>

<ref name="Peale1989">{{Cite journal|first1=Stanton J.|last1=Peale|first2=Jack J.|last2=Lissauer|author-link2=Jack J. Lissauer|title=Rotation of Halley's Comet|journal=Icarus|volume=79|issue=2|pages=396–430|date=1989|doi=10.1016/0019-1035(89)90085-7|bibcode=1989Icar...79..396P}}</ref>

<ref name="dark">{{Cite web|date=29 November 2001|title=Comet Borrelly Puzzle: Darkest Object in the Solar System|publisher=Space.com|first=Robert Roy|last=Britt|url=http://www.meteorite-list-archives.com/2001/nov/0597.html|access-date=16 December 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140104000957/http://www.meteorite-list-archives.com/2001/nov/0597.html|archive-date=4 January 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="jpldata">{{Cite web|type=11 January 1994 last obs|title=JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1P/Halley|url=https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/tools/sbdb_lookup.html#/?sstr=1P&view=OPC|publisher=Jet Propulsion Laboratory|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150427033624/http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=1P;orb=0;cov=0;log=0;cad=1|archive-date=27 April 2015|url-status=live|access-date=28 June 2022}}</ref>

<ref name="Kinoshita">{{cite web|title=1P/Halley past, present and future orbital elements|url=http://jcometobs.web.fc2.com/pcmtn/0001p.htm|work=Comet Orbit|first=Kazuo|last=Kinoshita|date=3 October 2003}}</ref>

<ref name="Horizons837AD">{{cite web|title=Horizons Batch for 1P/Halley (90000015) on 837AD-Apr-10|publisher=[[JPL Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System|JPL Horizons]]|type=Earth approach occurs when deldot flips from negative to positive @ 837-Apr-10 12:13|url=https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons_batch.cgi?batch=1&COMMAND=%2790000015%27&START_TIME=%27837AD-Apr-10%2012:00%27&STOP_TIME=%27837AD-Apr-10%2012:30%27&STEP_SIZE=%271%20minutes%27&QUANTITIES=%2719,20,23%27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630021517/https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons_batch.cgi?batch=1&COMMAND=%2790000015%27&START_TIME=%27837AD-Apr-10+12%3A00%27&STOP_TIME=%27837AD-Apr-10+12%3A30%27&STEP_SIZE=%271+minutes%27&QUANTITIES=%2719%2C20%2C23%27|archive-date=30 June 2022|url-status=live|access-date=29 June 2022}} (SAO/837)</ref>

<ref name="Horizons2023">{{cite web|title=Horizons Batch for 1P/Halley (90000030) on 2023-Dec-09|publisher=[[JPL Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System|JPL Horizons]]|type=Aphelion occurs when rdot flips from positive to negative|url=https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons_batch.cgi?batch=1&COMMAND=%2790000030%27&START_TIME=%272023-Dec-09%27&STOP_TIME=%272023-Dec-10%27&STEP_SIZE=%271%20hours%27&QUANTITIES=%2719,22%27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220701123600/https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons_batch.cgi?batch=1&COMMAND=%2790000030%27&START_TIME=%272023-Dec-09%27&STOP_TIME=%272023-Dec-10%27&STEP_SIZE=%271+hours%27&QUANTITIES=%2719%2C22%27|archive-date=1 July 2022|url-status=live|access-date=1 July 2022}} (JPL#73 Soln.date: 2022-Jun-07)</ref>

<ref name="Horizons2061">{{cite web|title=Horizons Batch for 1P/Halley (90000030) on 2061-Jul-28|publisher=[[JPL Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System|JPL Horizons]]|type=Perihelion occurs when rdot flips from negative to positive @ 2061-Jul-28 17:20 UT|url=https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons_batch.cgi?batch=1&COMMAND=%2790000030%27&START_TIME=%272061-Jul-28%2017:00%27&STOP_TIME=%272061-Jul-28%2018:00%27&STEP_SIZE=%271%20min%27&QUANTITIES=%2719%27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220527191157/https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons_batch.cgi?batch=1&COMMAND=%2790000033%27&START_TIME=%272061-Jul-28%2017:00%27&STOP_TIME=%272061-Jul-28%2018:00%27&STEP_SIZE=%271%20min%27&QUANTITIES=%2719%27|archive-date=27 May 2022|url-status=live|access-date=28 June 2022}} (JPL#73 Soln.date: 2022-Jun-07)</ref>

<ref name="Horizons2134">{{cite web|title=Horizons Batch for 1P/Halley (90000030) on 2134-Mar-27|publisher=[[JPL Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System|JPL Horizons]]|type=Perihelion occurs when rdot flips from negative to positive|url=https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons_batch.cgi?batch=1&COMMAND=%2790000030%27&START_TIME=%272134-Mar-24%27&STOP_TIME=%272134-Mar-30%27&STEP_SIZE=%273%20hours%27&QUANTITIES=%2719%27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220628122506/https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons_batch.cgi?batch=1&COMMAND=%2790000030%27&START_TIME=%272134-Mar-24%27&STOP_TIME=%272134-Mar-30%27&STEP_SIZE=%273+hours%27&QUANTITIES=%2719%27|archive-date=28 June 2022|url-status=live|access-date=28 June 2022}} (JPL#73 Soln.date: 2022-Jun-07)</ref>

<ref name="Horizons2209">{{cite web|title=Horizons Batch for 1P/Halley (90000030) on 2209-Feb-03 and 2209-Apr-10|publisher=[[JPL Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System|JPL Horizons]]|type=Perihelion occurs when rdot flips from negative to positive|url=https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons_batch.cgi?batch=1&COMMAND=%2790000030%27&START_TIME=%272209-Feb-01%27&STOP_TIME=%272209-Apr-20%27&STEP_SIZE=%273%20hours%27&QUANTITIES=%2719,20,23%27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630125454/https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons_batch.cgi?batch=1&COMMAND=%2790000030%27&START_TIME=%272209-Feb-01%27&STOP_TIME=%272209-Apr-20%27&STEP_SIZE=%273+hours%27&QUANTITIES=%2719%2C20%2C23%27|archive-date=30 June 2022|url-status=live|access-date=30 June 2022}} (JPL#73 Soln.date: 2022-Jun-07)</ref>

<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Lynn|first=W. T.|year=1909|title=Halley's Comet in 1835|journal=The Observatory|volume=32|pages=175–177|bibcode=1909Obs....32..175L}}</ref>

<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last=Smith|first=J. A.|year=1986|title=Halley's Comet: Canadian Observations and Reactions 1835–36 and 1910|journal=Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada|volume=80|issue=1|pages=1–15|bibcode=1986JRASC..80....1S}}</ref>

<ref name="Lamy2004">{{cite book|first1=Philippe L.|last1=Lamy|first2=Imre|last2=Toth|first3=Yanga R.|last3=Fernández|first4=Harold A.|last4=Weaver|chapter=The Sizes, Shapes, Albedos, and Colors of Cometary Nuclei|pages=223–264|bibcode=2004come.book..223L|chapter-url={{GBurl|AHF9ZraafV8C|p=223}}|editor1-last=Festou|editor1-first=M.|editor2-last=Keller|editor2-first=H. U.|editor3-last=Weaver|editor3-first=Harold A.|title=Comets II|date=2004|publisher=University of Arizona Press|isbn=978-0-8165-2450-1}}</ref>

<ref name="Brady1987">{{cite journal|title=Halley's Comet AD&nbsp;1986 to 2647&nbsp;BC|first=Joseph L.|last=Brady|publisher=Lawrence Livermore Laboratory, University of California|date=1982|bibcode=1982JBAA...92..209B|volume=92|pages=209|journal=Journal of the British Astronomical Association}}</ref>

<ref name="yeo_p81">{{Cite journal|title=The History of Comet Halley|first1=Donald Keith|last1=Yeomans|first2=Jürgen|last2=Rahe|first3=Ruth S.|last3=Freitag|journal=Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada|volume=80|page=81|bibcode=1986JRASC..80...62Y|date=1986}}</ref>

<ref name="yeo">{{Cite journal|title=The History of Comet Halley|first1=Donald Keith|last1=Yeomans|first2=Jürgen|last2=Rahe|first3=Ruth S.|last3=Freitag|journal=Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada|volume=80|page=70|bibcode=1986JRASC..80...62Y|date=1986|quote=Figure 4. The minimum and maximum intervals are 74.42 years (1835-1910) and 79.25 years (451-530).}}</ref>

<ref name="Russell1988">{{Cite journal|title=The interaction of the solar wind with Comet Halley – Upwind and downwind|last=Russell|first=C. T.|journal= Quarterly Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society|volume=29|date=June 1988|pages=157–173|bibcode=1988QJRAS..29..157R|url=https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu//full/1988QJRAS..29..157R/0000160.000.html}}</ref>

<ref name="hughes1987">{{Cite journal|first1=David W.|last1=Hughes|first2=P. H.|last2=Fowler|first3=B.|last3=Lovell|first4=D.|last4=Lynden-Bell|s2cid=123592786|display-authors=etal|title=The History of Halley's Comet [and Discussion]|journal=[[Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A]]|pages=349–367|jstor=37959|volume=323|number=1572|date=September 1987|doi= 10.1098/rsta.1987.0091|bibcode=1987RSPTA.323..349H}}</ref>

<ref name="Guardian_17Oct2024">{{Cite news|last=Ferguson|first=Donna|date=16 October 2024|title=X-ray evidence of Black maths scholar portrait reveals snubbed genius|url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/oct/16/x-ray-evidence-black-maths-scholar-portrait-francis-williams-uncovers-genius|access-date=17 October 2024|work=The Guardian|issn=0261-3077}}</ref>

<ref name="Morbidelli2006">{{cite arXiv|first=Alessandro|last=Morbidelli|date=2005|title=Origin and dynamical evolution of comets and their reservoirs|eprint=astro-ph/0512256}}</ref>

<ref name="jewitt2002">{{Cite journal|title=From Kuiper Belt Object to Cometary Nucleus: The Missing Ultrared Matter|first=David C.|last=Jewitt|author-link=David C. Jewitt|journal=The Astronomical Journal|date=2002|volume=123|issue=2|pages=1039–1049|doi=10.1086/338692|bibcode=2002AJ....123.1039J|s2cid=122240711|doi-access=free}}</ref>

<ref name="yfernandez">{{cite web|first=Yanga R.|last=Fernández|author-link=Yanga R. Fernández|title=List of Jupiter-Family and Halley-Family Comets|url=http://www.physics.ucf.edu/~yfernandez/cometlist.html|date=28 July 2015|publisher=University of Central Florida: Physics|access-date=6 September 2015}}</ref>

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<ref name="Olsson1987">{{Cite journal|first=Duncan I.|last=Olsson-Steel|title=The dynamical lifetime of comet P/Halley|journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics|volume=187|issue=1–2|pages=909–912|date=1987|bibcode=1987A&A...187..909O}}</ref>

<ref name="Chirikov1989">{{Cite journal|title=Chaotic dynamics of Comet Halley|last1=Chirikov|first1=R. V.|last2=Vecheslavov|first2=V. V.|journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics|volume=221|issue=1|date=August 1989|pages=146–154|bibcode=1989A&A...221..146C}}</ref>

<ref name="Hughes1985">{{cite journal|last1=Hughes|first1=D. W.|title=The size, mass, mass loss and age of Halley's comet|journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society|date=March 1985|volume=213|issue=1|pages=103–109|doi=10.1093/mnras/213.1.103|doi-access=free|bibcode=1985MNRAS.213..103H}}</ref>

<ref name="Altwegg1993">{{Cite journal|title=The ion population between 1300 km and 230000 km in the coma of comet P/Halley|last1=Altwegg|first1=K.|last2=Balsiger|first2=H.|last3=Geiss|first3=J.|last4=Goldstein|first4=R.|last5=Ip|first5=W.-H.|last6=Meier|first6=A.|journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics|date=1993|volume=279|issue=1|pages=260–266|bibcode=1993A&A...279..260A}}</ref>

<ref name="Delehanty">{{Cite web|title=Comets, awesome celestial objects|first=Marc|last=Delehanty|work=AstronomyToday|url=http://www.astronomytoday.com/astronomy/comets.html|access-date=15 March 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110904031752/http://www.astronomytoday.com/astronomy/comets.html|archive-date=4 September 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="Keller1987">{{Cite conference|doi=10.1007/978-3-642-82971-0_138|title=Comet P/Halley's nucleus and its activity|date=1988|last1=Keller|first1=H. U.|last2=Delamere|first2=W. A.|last3=Huebner|first3=W. F.|last4=Reitsema|first4=H. J.|last5=Schmidt|first5=H. U.|last6=Whipple|first6=F. L.|last7=Wilhelm|first7=K.|last8=Curdt|first8=W.|last9=Kramm|first9=R.|last10=Thomas|first10=N.|last11=Arpigny|first11=C.|last12=Barbieri|first12=C.|last13=Bonnet|first13=R. M.|last14=Cazes|first14=S.|last15=Coradini|first15=M.|last16=Cosmovici|first16=C. B.|last17=Hughes|first17=D. W.|last18=Jamar|first18=C.|last19=Malaise|first19=D.|last20=Schmidt|first20=K.|last21=Schmidt|first21=W. K. H.|last22=Seige|first22=P.|conference=Exploration of Halley’s Comet|journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics|volume=187|issue=1–2|pages=807–823|isbn=978-3-642-82973-4|bibcode=1987A&A...187..807K}}</ref>

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<ref name="mass">{{Cite journal|title=The nucleus of comet Halley: Surface structure, mean density, gas and dust production|first=H.|last=Rickman|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/027311778990241X|journal=Advances in Space Research|volume=9|issue=3|year=1989|pages=59–71|doi=10.1016/0273-1177(89)90241-X|bibcode=1989AdSpR...9c..59R}}</ref>

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<ref name="situ">{{Cite book|title=Comets II|chapter-url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/241381179|editor-first1=Michel|editor-last1=Festou|editor-first2=Horst Uwe|editor-last2=Keller|editor-first3=Harold A.|editor-last3=Weaver|editor-link3=Hal A. Weaver|chapter=In Situ Observations of Cometary Nuclei|first1=Horst Uwe|last1=Keller|first2=Daniel|last2=Britt|first3=Bonnie J.|last3=Buratti|first4=Nicolas|last4=Thomas|pages=211–222|date=2005|isbn=978-0-8165-2450-1|publisher=University of Arizona Press|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240701001518/https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Daniel-Britt/publication/241381179_In_situ_observations_of_cometary_nuclei/links/02e7e53c6858cb4a68000000/In-situ-observations-of-cometary-nuclei.pdf|archive-date=1 July 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="graw">{{cite encyclopedia|doi=10.1036/1097-8542.305800|title=Halley's Comet|last1=Brandt|first1=John C.|date=February 2018|encyclopedia=AccessScience|publisher=McGraw Hill}}</ref>

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<ref name="annals_of_ulster">{{Cite web|url=https://celt.ucc.ie/published/T100001A/index.html|title=The Annals of Ulster AD&nbsp;431–1201|work=Corpus of Electronic Texts|publisher=University College Cork|access-date=25 March 2024}}</ref>

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<ref name="Olson1979">{{Cite journal|last=Olson|first=Roberta J. M.|author-link=Roberta Olson|title=Giotto's portrait of Halley's Comet|journal=[[Scientific American]]|volume=240|issue=5|year=1979|pages=160–171|doi=10.1038/scientificamerican0579-160|jstor=24965203|bibcode=1979SciAm.240e.160O|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24965203}}</ref>

<ref name="art">{{Cite journal|first1=Roberta J.|last1=Olson|author1-link=Roberta Olson|first2=Jay M.|last2=Pasachoff|title=New information on Comet Halley as depicted by Giotto di Bondone and other Western artists|journal=In ESA, Proceedings of the 20th ESLAB Symposium on the Exploration of Halley's Comet|volume=3|pages=201–213|date=1986|bibcode=1986ESASP.250c.201O|url=https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1986ESASP.250c.201O}}</ref>

<ref name="asteroid">{{cite journal|url=https://www.wgsbn-iau.org/files/Bulletins/V002/WGSBNBull_V002_002.pdf#page=9|title=New Names of Minor Planets|journal=WGSBN Bulletin|volume=2|number=2|pages=9|date=7 February 2022|access-date=5 July 2024}}</ref>

<ref name="1985JHA">{{Cite journal|author=Broughton, P.|year=1985|title=The First Predicted Return of Comet Halley|journal=Journal for the History of Astronomy|volume=16|issue=2|pages=123–132|doi=10.1177/002182868501600203|bibcode=1985JHA....16..123B|s2cid=118670662}}</ref>

<ref name="Todd Saw Halley's Comet in 1835">{{Cite journal|bibcode=1910PA.....18..127T|title=Saw Halley's Comet in 1835|last1=Todd|first1=William G.|journal=Popular Astronomy|year=1910|volume=18|page=127}}</ref>

<ref name="post">{{Cite journal|title=A Postencounter view of comets|first=D. Asoka|last=Mendis|journal=Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics|volume=26|issue=1|pages=11–49|date=1988|bibcode=1988ARA&A..26...11M|doi=10.1146/annurev.aa.26.090188.000303}}</ref>

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<ref name="TwainMovie">{{cite magazine|last=McCracken|first=Harry|date=5 October 1986|pages=108|title=One of the best animated films in recent years, a splendid job|url=https://archive.org/details/cinefantastique_1970-2002/Cinefantastique%20Vol%2016%20No%204-5%20Oct%20%281986%29/page/n107/mode/1up?view=theater|magazine=[[Cinefantastique]]|publisher=Fourth Castle Micromedia|access-date=7 July 2024|quote=At the film's core, though, is a plot twist devised by the filmmakers themselves; it's Mark Twain himself who captains the zeppelin, in a suicidal mission to meet Halley's comet head-on and assure the truth of his famous prediction that his life would end with the comet's return.}}</ref>

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<ref name="Johnson1997b">{{cite news|title=Comets Breed Fear, Fascination and Web Sites|first=George|last=Johnson|quote=When Halley's comet made its appearance in 1910, an Oklahoma religious group, known as the Sacred Followers, tried to sacrifice a virgin to ward off catastrophe. (They were stopped by the police.) The Daily Oklahoman newspaper quickly refuted the claim in their September 18 edition in an article on page 37.|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/03/28/us/comets-breed-fear-fascination-and-web-sites.html?sec=health&spon=&pagewanted=all|access-date=27 September 2009|work=The New York Times|date=28 March 1997}}</ref>

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}} <!-- end of reflist -->