Editing Haifa (section)

===British Mandate===
{{Further|Battle of Haifa (1918)}}
[[File:Indian lancers in Haifa 1918.jpg|thumb|Indian troops marching in Haifa in 1918]]
[[File:Kings Way in Haifa 2.jpg|thumb|right|Kingsway (now HaAtzmaut Road) in the 1930s]]
[[File:חיפה - מראה חלקי-JNF013403.jpeg|thumb|Haifa 1945]]
Haifa was captured from the Ottomans in September 1918 by Indian horsemen of the British Army armed with spears and swords who overran Ottoman positions.<ref name=India>{{cite web |last=Eyadat |first=Fadi |url=http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/on-haifa-day-india-salutes-wwi-troops-1.315380 |title=On Haifa Day India salutes World War I troops |work=Haaretz |date=24 September 2010 |access-date=24 March 2013 |archive-date=2 November 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102100519/http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/on-haifa-day-india-salutes-wwi-troops-1.315380 |url-status=live}}</ref> On 22 September, British troops were heading to Nazareth when a reconnaissance report was received indicating that the Turks were leaving Haifa. The British made preparations to enter the city and came under fire in the [[Balad al-Sheikh]] district (today [[Nesher]]). After the British regrouped, an elite unit of Indian horsemen were sent to attack the Turkish positions on the flanks and overrun their artillery guns on Mount Carmel.<ref name=India/>

Under the [[Mandate for Palestine|British Mandate]], Haifa saw large-scale development and became an industrial port city.<ref name=modern/><ref>{{cite book |author1=Michael Dumper |author2=Bruce E. Stanley |title=Cities of the Middle East and North Africa: A Historical Encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3SapTk5iGDkC&pg=PA161 |year=2007 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-57607-919-5 |pages=161– |access-date=1 July 2015 |archive-date=3 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803001340/https://books.google.com/books?id=3SapTk5iGDkC&pg=PA161 |url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Baháʼí Faith]] in 1918 and today has its administrative and spiritual centre in the environs of Haifa.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.homestead.com/watsongregory/files/knighthood.html |title=Knighthood&nbsp;— Sir ʻAbdu'l-Bahá ʻAbbas Effendi |access-date=17 October 2013 |archive-date=18 October 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071018154241/http://www.homestead.com/watsongregory/files/knighthood.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.upliftingwords.org/bahai-faith-articles/abdul-baha-the-master |publisher=Uplifting Words |title=ʻAbdu'l-Baha |date=26 December 2018 |access-date=26 December 2018 |archive-date=26 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226232742/https://www.upliftingwords.org/bahai-faith-articles/abdul-baha-the-master |url-status=live}}</ref> Many Jewish immigrants of the [[Fourth Aliyah]] and [[Fifth Aliyah]] settled in Haifa. The port was a major source of income, and the nearby Jewish towns of the [[Krayot]] were established in the 1930s. At the same time, the Arab population also swelled by an influx of migrants, coming mainly from surrounding villages as well as the Syrian [[Hauran]].<ref name=Schulze98>Reinhard Schulze. ''A modern history of the Islamic world''. p.98.</ref> The Arab immigration mainly came as a result of prices and salary drop.<ref name=Schulze98 /> The [[1922 census of Palestine]], conducted by the British authorities, recorded Haifa's population as 24,634 (9,377 Muslims, 8,863 Christians, 6,230 Jews, 152 [[Baháʼí Faith|Baha'i]], and 12 [[Druze]]).<ref>{{Cite book |url=http://archive.org/details/PalestineCensus1922 |title=Palestine Census ( 1922)}}</ref> By the time of the [[1931 census of Palestine]], this had increased to 50,403 (20,324 Muslims, 15,923 Jews, 13,824 Christians, 196 Baha'i, 126 Druze, and 10 with no religion).<ref>Bosworth, C. Edmund: ''Historic Cities of the Islamic World''</ref><ref name=Census1922>{{harvnb|Barron|1923|p= [https://archive.org/stream/PalestineCensus1922/Palestine%20Census%20%281922%29#page/n8/mode/1up 10]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=http://archive.org/details/palestine-census-1931 |title=Palestine Census 1931}}</ref> Between the censuses of 1922 and 1931, the Muslim, Jewish, and Christian populations rose by 217%, 256%, and 156%, respectively.<ref>{{cite book |editor-first=J. B. |editor-last=Barron |title=Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922 |publisher=Government of Palestine |year=1923 |at=[https://archive.org/stream/PalestineCensus1922/Palestine%20Census%20%281922%29#page/n35/mode/1up Table XI ]}}; {{cite book |editor=E. Mills |title=Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas |publisher=Government of Palestine |location=Jerusalem |year=1932 |page=91}}</ref> In 1938, 99,000 people (including 48,000 Jews) lived in Haifa.{{sfn|Seikaly|2002|p=51}}<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://users.cecs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/census/VillageStatistics1938orig.pdf |title=Village Statistics |year=1938 |pages=24}}</ref>

Haifa's development owed much to British plans to make it a central port and hub for Middle-East crude oil. The British Government of Palestine developed the port and built [[Consolidated Refineries|refineries]], thereby facilitating the rapid development of the city as a center for the country's heavy industries. Haifa was also among the first towns to be fully electrified. The Palestine Electric Company inaugurated the Haifa Electrical Power Station already in 1925, opening the door to considerable industrialization.<ref>Shamir, Ronen (2013) ''Current Flow: The Electrification of Palestine''. Stanford: Stanford University Press</ref> The State-run [[Palestine Railways]] also built its main workshops in Haifa.

By 1945 the population was 138,300 (75,500 Jews, 35,940 Muslims, 26,570 Christians, and 290 "other").<ref>Supplement to a Survey of Palestine (p. 12–13) which was prepared by the British Mandate for [[United Nations|the United Nations]] in 1946–47.</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www1.haifa.muni.il/aliya/pages.aspx?pageName=History |title=Haifa Municipality – Aliya Web Site |publisher=.haifa.muni.il |access-date=13 October 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131012143611/http://www1.haifa.muni.il/aliya/pages.aspx?pageName=History |archive-date=12 October 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://users.cecs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/census/VillageStatistics1945orig.pdf |title=Village Statistics |year=1945 |pages=13}}</ref> In 1947, about 70,910 Arabs (41,000 Muslims and 29,910 Christians) and 74,230 Jews were living there.<ref>{{Cite book |url=http://www.palestineremembered.com/Acre/Maps/Story574.html |title=Supplement to a Survey of Palestine |access-date=11 April 2008 |archive-date=14 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814220537/http://www.palestineremembered.com/Acre/Maps/Story574.html |url-status=live}}</ref> The Christian community were mostly [[Melkite Greek Catholic Church|Greek-Melkite Catholics]].