Editing Gujarati language (section)

====English====

With the end of Perso-Arabic inflow, English became the current foreign source of new vocabulary. English had and continues to have a considerable influence over Indian languages. Loanwords include new innovations and concepts, first introduced directly through [[British Raj|British colonial rule]], and then streaming in on the basis of continued [[English language|Anglophone]] dominance in the [[India|Republic of India]]. Besides the category of new ideas is the category of English words that already have Gujarati counterparts which end up replaced or existed alongside with. The major driving force behind this latter category has to be the continuing role of English in modern India as a language of education, prestige, and mobility. In this way, Indian speech can be sprinkled with English words and expressions, even switches to whole sentences.{{sfnp|Masica|1991|pp=49–50}} ''See [[Hinglish]], [[Code-switching]]''.

In matters of sound, English [[alveolar consonant|alveolar]] consonants map as [[Retroflex consonant|retroflexes]] rather than [[Dental consonant|dentals]]. Two new characters were created in Gujarati to represent English /æ/'s and /ɔ/'s. Levels of Gujarati-ization in sound vary. Some words do not go far beyond this basic transpositional rule, and sound much like their English source, while others differ in ways, one of those ways being the carrying of dentals. ''See [[Indian English]]''.

As English loanwords are a relatively new phenomenon, they adhere to English grammar, as ''tatsam'' words adhere to Sanskrit. That is not to say that the most basic changes have been underway: many English words are pluralised with Gujarati ''o'' over English "s". Also, with Gujarati having three genders, genderless English words must take one. Though often inexplicable, gender assignment may follow the same basis as it is expressed in Gujarati: vowel type, and the nature of word meaning.