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===Flora=== {{category see also|Flora of the Great Lakes region (North America)}} Native habitats and ecoregions in the Great Lakes region include: * [[Alvar]] * [[Fen#Rich fens|Boreal rich fen]] (such as in [[Flora of Door County, Wisconsin#Plant communities unique to the area|Door County]]) * [[Eastern forest-boreal transition]] * [[Eastern Great Lakes lowland forests]] * [[Southern Great Lakes forests]] * [[Central forest-grasslands transition]] * [[Upper Midwest forest-savanna transition]] * [[Western Great Lakes forests]] * [[Central Canadian Shield forests]] * [[Laurentian Mixed Forest Province]] * [[Beech-maple forest]] * [[Habitats of the Indiana Dunes]] Plant lists include: * [[List of Michigan flowers]] * [[List of Minnesota wild flowers]] * [[List of Minnesota trees]] ==== Logging ==== [[Logging]] of the extensive forests in the Great Lakes region removed [[riparian zone|riparian]] and adjacent tree cover over rivers and streams, which provide shade, moderating water temperatures in fish spawning grounds. Removal of trees also destabilized the soil, with greater volumes washed into stream beds causing siltation of gravel beds, and more frequent flooding. Running cut logs down the tributary rivers into the Great Lakes also dislocated sediments. In 1884, the New York Fish Commission determined that the dumping of sawmill waste (chips and sawdust) had impacted fish populations.<ref name="Dempsey2004">{{cite book |last = Dempsey |first = Dave |title = On the Brink: The Great Lakes in the 21st Century |year = 2004 |publisher = Michigan State University Press |isbn = 978-0-87013-705-1 |page = [https://archive.org/details/onbrinkgreatlake0000demp/page/48 48] |url-access = registration |url = https://archive.org/details/onbrinkgreatlake0000demp/page/48 }}</ref>
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