Editing Glossary of chess (section)

==T==
{{glossary}}

{{term|term= tabia|content= tabia {{anchor|Tabia|tabiya|Tabiya}} }}
{{defn|defn=[from Arabic: طبيعة ṭabīʕa, "essence"] Also '''tabiya'''. In chess openings a tabia is a key point. It may be a well-known "point of departure" where variations branch off, it may be a position that is reached so often that the real game begins after this initial series of book moves.<ref>Steingass 1884, p. 752</ref><ref>van de Oudeweetering 2014, p. 193</ref> }}

{{term|term= tablebase|content= tablebase {{anchor|Tablebase|tablebases}} }}
{{defn|defn= See ''[[#endgame tablebase|endgame tablebase]]''.}}

{{term|term= tactician|content= tactician {{anchor|Tactician|tacticians}} }}
{{defn|defn= A player who specializes in tactical play, as distinguished from a [[#positional player|positional player]].}}

{{term|term= tactics|content= [[Chess tactics|tactics]] {{anchor|Tactics|tactic|tactical}} }}
{{defn|defn= Combinations, traps, and threats. Play characterized by short-term attacks, requiring calculation by the players, as distinguished from [[#positional play|positional play]].<ref name="Silman 1999, p. 442">Silman 1999, p. 442</ref>}}

{{term|term= takeback|content= takeback {{anchor|Takeback}} }}
{{defn|defn= Used in casual games whereby both players agree to undo one or more moves.}}

{{term|term= tall pawn|content= tall pawn {{anchor|Tall pawn|tall pawns}} }}
{{defn|defn= [colloq.] An ineffective bishop, usually a [[#bad bishop|bad bishop]] hemmed in by its own pawns.}}

{{term|term= Tarrasch rule|content= [[Tarrasch rule]] {{anchor|Tarrasch rule}} }}
{{defn|defn= The general principle that rooks usually should be placed behind [[passed pawn]]s, either one's own or one's opponent's. Named after [[Siegbert Tarrasch]].<ref>Kotov 2012, p. 42</ref>}}

{{term|term= TC|content= TC {{anchor|TC}} }}
{{defn|defn= An abbreviation for [[#time control|time control]].}}

{{term|term= TD|content= TD {{anchor|TD}} }}
{{defn|defn= An abbreviation for [[#tournament director|tournament director]].<ref name="Ashley 2007, p. 240">Ashley 2007, p. 240</ref>}}

{{term|term= technique|content= technique {{anchor|Technique}} }}
{{defn|defn= The manner in which a player converts an advantageous position into a win.}}

{{term|term= tempo|content= [[Tempo (chess)|tempo]] {{anchor|Tempo|tempos|tempi}} }}
{{defn|defn= A unit of time considered as one move. A player may gain a tempo in the opening when the opponent moves the same piece twice. In the [[#endgame|endgame]], one may wish to lose a tempo by [[#triangulation|triangulation]] in order to gain the [[#opposition|opposition]].<ref name="Silman 1999, p. 442">Silman 1999, p. 442</ref> Plural: ''tempos'' or ''tempi''.}}

{{Chess diagram small
|tright
|
|rd|  |bd|qd|kd|bd|  |rd
|pd|pd|pd|pd|  |pd|pd|pd
|  |  |nd|  |  |nd|  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |nl|pl|  |  |
|  |  |nl|  |  |  |  |
|pl|pl|pl|  |  |pl|pl|pl
|rl|  |bl|ql|kl|bl|  |rl
|This [[Scotch Opening]] position contains tension due to the knights on c6 and d4. Both knights are currently adequately defended, so neither player is forced to release the tension.
}}
{{term|term= tension|content= tension {{anchor|Tension}} }}
{{defn|defn= A position in which one or more [[#exchange|exchanges]] are possible, such as a pair of pawns facing each other on a diagonal where either can capture the other, is said to contain ''tension''. Such a situation differs from a ''[[#threat|threat]]'' in that it does not need to be immediately resolved – for example, if both pawns are defended. The consequences of resolving the tension must be constantly considered by both players, in case there is a possibility of winning or losing [[#material|material]]. This makes calculating the [[#best play|best move]] more complicated, and so there is a natural temptation to "release the tension" by making a like-for-like exchange (see ''[[#simplification|simplification]]'') or by moving the attacked piece. To "keep the tension" is to avoid resolving it, which can be good advice depending on the position.}}

{{term|term= text move|content= text move {{anchor|Text move|text moves}} }}
{{defn|defn= This term is used in written [[#analysis|analysis]] of chess games to refer to a move actually played in the game as opposed to other possible moves. Often shortened to '''text''', for example "The text is inferior as it allows{{nbsp}}...f5." Text moves are usually in bold whereas analysis moves are not.}}

{{term|term= thematic|content= thematic {{anchor|Thematic}} }}
{{defn|defn= Suited to the demands of the position. The term "thematic move" is often applied to the key move of a thematic plan.<ref>Pandolfini 1996, p. 241</ref>}}

{{term|term= theme tournament|content= theme tournament {{anchor|Theme tournament}} }}
{{defn|defn= A chess [[#tournament|tournament]] in which every game must begin with a particular [[#opening|opening]] specified by the organizers, for example the [[Budapest Gambit]] (1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e5).}}

{{term|term= theoretical draw|content= theoretical draw {{anchor|Theoretical draw|theoretical draws}} }}
{{defn|defn= See ''[[#book draw|book draw]]''.}}

{{term|term= theoretical novelty|content= theoretical novelty {{anchor|Theoretical novelty|Theoretical Novelty|theoretical novelties|novelty|novelties}} }}
{{defn|defn= Or simply '''novelty'''. A move in the [[#opening|opening]] that has not been played before.<ref>Hooper & Whyld 1996, p. 418</ref> Abbr. TN or N.}}

{{term|term= theory|content= theory{{anchor|Theory}} }}
{{defn|defn= See ''[[#book move|book move]]''.}}

{{term|term= threat|content= threat {{anchor|Threat|threats}} }}
{{defn|defn= A plan or move that carries an intention to damage the opponent's position. A threat is a tactical weapon that must be defended against.<ref name="Pandolfini 1992, p. 240">Pandolfini 1992, p. 240</ref>}}

{{term|term= threefold repetition|content= [[threefold repetition]] {{anchor|Threefold repetition}} }}
{{defn|defn= A draw may be claimed if the same position occurs three times with the same player to move; and with each player having the choice of the same set of moves each time, including the right to capture ''en passant'' and the right to castle.<ref>Pandolfini 2009, p. 307</ref> For the same position occurring five times, see ''[[#fivefold repetition|fivefold repetition]]''.}}

{{term|term= tiebreaks|content= tiebreaks {{anchor|Tiebreaks|tiebreak|tie-break|tie-breaks}} }}
{{defn|defn= See [[Tie-breaking in Swiss-system tournaments]]. This refers to a number of different systems that are used to break ties, and thus designate a single winner, where multiple players or teams tie for the same place in a [[#Swiss tournament|Swiss system chess tournament]].}}

{{term|term= time|content= time {{anchor|Time}} }}
{{defn|no=1|defn= The amount of time each player has to think and calculate as measured by a [[chess clock]].}}
{{defn|no=2|defn= The number of moves to complete an objective; for example, if a king is racing to stop a pawn from [[#queening|queening]], and the king has too few moves, that may be referred to as "not enough time".<ref name="Silman 1999, p. 442">Silman 1999, p. 442</ref> See also ''[[#tempo|tempo]]''.}}

{{term|term= time control|content= [[time control]] {{anchor|Time control|time controls}} }}
{{defn|defn= The allowed time to play a game, usually measured by a [[#chess clock|chess clock]]. A time control can require either a certain number of moves be made per time period (e.g. 40 moves in {{frac|2|1|2}} hours) or it can limit the length of the entire game (e.g. five minutes per game for [[#blitz chess|blitz]]). Hybrid schemes are used, and [[#time delay|time delay]] controls have become popular since the widespread use of digital clocks.<ref name="ReferenceA">United States Chess Federation 2003, p. 8</ref>}}

{{term|term= time delay|content= time delay {{anchor|Time delay}} }}
{{defn|defn= A [[#time control|time control]] that makes it possible for a player to avoid having an ever-decreasing amount of time remaining (as is the case with [[#sudden death|sudden death]]). The most important time delays in chess are [[#Bronstein delay|Bronstein delay]] and [[#Fischer delay|Fischer delay]].}}

{{term|term= time pressure|content= time pressure {{anchor|Time pressure|time trouble|Time trouble}} }}
{{defn|defn= Or '''time trouble'''. Having very little time on one's [[#chess clock|clock]] (especially less than five minutes) to complete one's remaining moves. Also called ''[[#zeitnot|zeitnot]]''. See also ''[[#time control|time control]]''.}}

{{term|term= TN|content= TN {{anchor|TN}} }}
{{defn|defn= An abbreviation for [[#theoretical novelty|theoretical novelty]].}}

{{term|term= top board|content= top board {{anchor|Top board|top boards}} }}
{{defn|defn= See ''[[#first board|first board]]''.}}

{{term|term= touch-move rule|content= [[touch-move rule]] {{anchor|Touch-move rule|touch move rule|Touch move rule|touched piece rule|Touched piece rule}} }}
{{defn|defn= Or '''touched piece rule'''. The rule that requires a player who touches a piece to move that piece unless the piece has no legal moves. If a player moves a piece to a particular square and takes their hand off it, the move must be to that square if it is a legal move. Castling must be initiated by moving the king first, so a player who touches their rook may be required to move the rook, without castling. The rule also requires a player who touches an opponent's piece to capture it if possible. In order to adjust the position of a piece within its square without being required to move it, the player should say "[[#j'adoube|J'adoube]]" or "I adjust".<ref name="Pandolfini 1992, p. 240">Pandolfini 1992, p. 240</ref>}}

[[File:TataSteelChess2013TournamentHall.jpg|thumb|right|260px|[[Tata Steel Chess Tournament|Tata Steel Tournament]] 2013]]

{{term|term= tournament|content= [[Chess tournament|tournament]] {{anchor|Tournament|tourney|tournaments|tourneys}} }}
{{defn|defn= A competition involving more than two players or teams, generally played at a single venue (or series of venues) in a relatively short period of time. A tournament is divided into rounds, with each round consisting either of individual games or matches in the case of [[#knockout tournament|knockout tournaments]] and team tournaments. The assignment of opponents is called [[#pairing|pairing]], with the most popular systems being [[#round-robin tournament|round-robin]] and [[#Swiss tournament|Swiss]]. A tournament is usually referred to by the city in which it was played and the year, such as "[[London 1851 chess tournament|London 1851]]", although there are well-known exceptions, such as "[[AVRO tournament|AVRO]] 1938".}}

{{term|term= tournament book|content= tournament book {{anchor|Tournament book}} }}
{{defn|defn= A book recording the [[#game score|scores]] of all the games in a tournament, usually with [[#analysis|analysis]] of the best or most important games and some background on the event and its participants. One well-known example is [[David Bronstein|Bronstein's]] ''Zurich International Chess Tournament 1953''. The less comprehensive ''tournament bulletin'' is usually issued between the rounds of a prestigious event, giving the players and world media an instant record of the games of the previous round. Individual copies may be bundled together at the conclusion of the event to provide an inexpensive alternative to the tournament book.<ref>Bronstein 2013, p. vii</ref>}}

{{term|term= tournament director|content= tournament director {{anchor|Tournament director|Tournament Director|tournament controller|Tournament Controller}} }}
{{defn|defn= Also '''tournament controller''' [chiefly British]. Organizer and arbiter of a tournament, responsible for enforcing the tournament rules and the [[#laws of chess|laws of chess]]. Abbr. TD.}}

{{term|term= tournament performance rating|content= tournament performance rating {{anchor|Tournament Performance Rating|TPR}} }}
{{defn|defn= The [[#performance rating|performance rating]] over the course of a tournament. Abbr. TPR.}}

{{term|term= trade|content= trade {{anchor|Trade|trades}} }}
{{defn|defn= See ''[[#exchange|exchange]]''.}}

{{term|term= transposition|content= [[Transposition (chess)|transposition]] {{anchor|Transposition|transpositions|transposing|transposes|transposed}} }}
{{defn|defn= Arriving at a position using a different sequence of moves than usual.<ref name="Silman 1999, p. 433">Silman 1999, p. 433</ref>}}

{{Chess diagram small
|tright
|
|rd|  |bd|qd|kd|bd|  |rd
|pd|pd|pd|nd|  |pd|pd|pd
|  |  |  |  |pd|nd|  |
|  |  |  |pd|  |  |bl|
|  |  |pl|pl|  |  |  |
|  |  |nl|  |  |  |  |
|pl|pl|  |  |pl|pl|pl|pl
|rl|  |  |ql|kl|bl|nl|rl
|With 4...Nbd7 Black sets a trap in the [[Queen's Gambit Declined|QGD]] (1.d4 d5 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.Bg5). White cannot win the pawn on d5 due to the [[Queen's Gambit Declined, Elephant Trap|Elephant Trap]].
}}
{{term|term= trap|content= trap {{anchor|Trap|traps}} }}
{{defn|defn= A move that may tempt the opponent to play a losing move.<ref name="Silman 1999, p. 443">Silman 1999, p. 443</ref> See also ''[[#swindle|swindle]]'' and [[List of chess traps]].}}

{{term|term= trapped piece|content = trapped piece {{anchor|trapped piece}} }}
{{defn|defn= A piece is said to be "trapped" when it is ''[[en prise]]'' and cannot escape its capture in any way (i.e by capturing a piece, moving the piece, or blocking the attacking piece). Aside from pawns, any piece can become "trapped." A trapped king is said to be [[Checkmate|checkmated]].}}

{{Chess diagram small
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|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |pd|kl|  |
|  |  |  |kd|pl|  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|Trébuchet, whoever has the move loses. 1.Kg4 Kxe4 2.Kg3 Ke3 3.Kg2 Ke2 4.Kg3 e4 5.Kf4 e3 6.Ke4 Kf2 and the black pawn will queen.
}}
{{term|term= trébuchet|content= trébuchet {{anchor|Trébuchet}} }}
{{defn|defn= [from French, a type of [[siege engine]]] A theoretical position of mutual [[#zugzwang|zugzwang]] in which either player would lose if it were their turn to move.<ref>Soltis 2013, p. 33</ref>}}

{{term|term= triangulation|content= [[Triangulation (chess)|triangulation]] {{anchor|Triangulation}} }}
{{defn|defn= A technique used in king and pawn [[#endgame|endgames]] (less commonly seen with other pieces) to lose a [[#tempo|tempo]] and gain the [[#opposition|opposition]].<ref>Soltis 2013, p. 5</ref>}}

{{term|term= tripled pawns|content= [[Doubled pawns#Tripled and quadrupled pawns|tripled pawns]] {{anchor|Tripled pawns}} }}
{{defn|defn= Three [[#pawn|pawns]] of the same color on the same [[#file|file]]; considered a weakness due to their inability to defend each other.<ref>Pandolfini 1996, pp. 249–50</ref>}}

{{term|term= Troitsky line|content= [[Troitsky line]] {{anchor|Troitsky line|Troitzky line}} }}
{{defn|defn= Also '''Troitzky line'''. [[#endgame|Endgame]] analysis by [[Alexey Troitsky]] of two knights versus a pawn found certain pawn positions that result in win, draw or loss. The resulting pawn positions on each [[#file|file]] form what is known as the [[Troitsky line]] or Troitsky position.<ref>de la Villa 2014, p. 246</ref>}}

{{term|term= two bishops|content= two bishops {{anchor|Two bishops|the two bishops|The two bishops}} }}
{{defn|defn= Or '''the two bishops'''. A synonym for ''[[#bishop pair|bishop pair]]''.<ref>Pandolfini 2009, p. 310</ref>}}

{{glossary end}}