Editing Ginkgo biloba (section)

== Uses ==
The wood of ''Ginkgo biloba'' is used to make furniture, chessboards, carving, and casks for making [[saké]]; the wood is fire-resistant and slow to decay.<ref name="Penguin"/>

===Culinary===
[[File:Ginkgo biloba 007.jpg|thumb|Close-up of Ginkgo tree bearing ripe, fruit-like sarcotestae]]
[[File:Ginkgo Seed.JPG|thumb|Ginkgo 'seeds' (sclerotestae) with sarcotesta removed]]
[[File:Ginkgo and coconut dessert.jpg|thumb|Ginkgo seeds served with boiled coconut flesh as a dessert in Thailand]]

Despite the health risks in certain cases, the nut-like kernels of the seeds are esteemed in Asia, and are a traditional ingredient in [[Chinese cuisine|Chinese food]]. Ginkgo nuts are used in ''[[congee]]'', and are often served at special occasions such as weddings and the [[Chinese New Year]] (as part of the vegetarian dish called [[Buddha's delight]]). Japanese cooks add ginkgo seeds (called ''ginnan'') to dishes such as ''[[chawanmushi]]'', and cooked seeds are often eaten along with other dishes. Grilled ginkgo nuts with salt are also a popular item at [[izakaya]]s as a snack with beer and other Japanese food.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://wattention.com/a-taste-of-shun-nuts-over-ginko/ | title=A Taste of Sh旬n: Going Nuts for Ginkgo | date=3 April 2018 }}</ref> In Korea, ginkgo nuts are stir-fried and eaten, or are used to garnish foods such as [[Sinseollo|sinseonro]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lee |first=Seong-woo |title=은행(銀杏) Fruit of the Ginkgo tree |url=https://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Article/E0042928 |access-date=2023-11-06 |website=[[Encyclopedia of Korean Culture]] |language=ko}}</ref>

===Medical research===
Although [[extract]]s of ''Ginkgo biloba'' leaf are often marketed as cognitive enhancers, there is no evidence for effects on memory or attention in healthy people.<ref name=nccih/><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Laws KR, Sweetnam H, Kondel TK |title=Is Ginkgo biloba a cognitive enhancer in healthy individuals? A meta-analysis |journal=Hum Psychopharmacol |volume=27 |issue=6 |pages=527–533 |date=1 November 2012 |pmid=23001963 |doi=10.1002/hup.2259 |s2cid=6307491 |type=Meta-analysis}}</ref> [[Systematic review]]s have shown there is no evidence for effectiveness of ginkgo in treating [[high blood pressure]],<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Xiong XJ, Liu W, Yang XC, etal |title=Ginkgo biloba extract for essential hypertension: A systemic review |journal=Phytomedicine |volume=21 |issue=10 |pages=1131–1136 |date=September 2014 |pmid=24877716 |doi=10.1016/j.phymed.2014.04.024 |type=Systematic review |doi-access=free}}</ref> [[menopause]]-related cognitive decline,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Clement |first1=YN |last2=Onakpoya |first2=I |last3=Hung |first3=SK |last4=Ernst |first4=E |title=Effects of herbal and dietary supplements on cognition in menopause: a systematic review |journal=Maturitas |date=March 2011 |volume=68 |issue=3 |pages=256–263 |doi=10.1016/j.maturitas.2010.12.005 |pmid=21237589 |type=Systematic review}}</ref> [[tinnitus]],<ref name="Hilton-2013">{{cite journal |last1=Hilton |first1=MP |last2=Zimmermann |first2=EF |last3=Hunt |first3=WT |title=Ginkgo biloba for tinnitus |journal=Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |date=28 March 2013 |volume=3 |issue=3 |pages=CD003852 |pmid=23543524 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD003852.pub3 |s2cid=205171459 |type=Systematic review|doi-access=free |pmc=11669941 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Sereda |first1=Magdalena |last2=Xia |first2=Jun |last3=Scutt |first3=Polly |last4=Hilton |first4=Malcolm P |last5=El Refaie |first5=Amr |last6=Hoare |first6=Derek J |title=Ginkgo biloba for tinnitus |journal=Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |date=16 November 2022 |volume=2022 |issue=11 |pages=CD013514 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD013514.pub2|pmid=36383762 |pmc=9668350 }}</ref> post-[[stroke]] recovery,<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Zeng X, Liu M, Yang Y, Li Y, Asplund K |title=Ginkgo biloba for acute ischaemic stroke |journal=Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |issue=4 |pages=CD003691 |year=2005 |volume=2005 |pmid=16235335 |pmc=6991933 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD003691.pub2 |type=Systematic review}}</ref> or [[altitude sickness]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Seupaul |first1=RA |last2=Welch |first2=JL |last3=Malka |first3=ST |last4=Emmett |first4=TW |title=Pharmacologic prophylaxis for acute mountain sickness: A systematic shortcut review |journal=Annals of Emergency Medicine |date=April 2012 |volume=59 |issue=4 |pages=307–317.e1 |pmid=22153998 |doi=10.1016/j.annemergmed.2011.10.015|s2cid=205542308 }}</ref>

There is weak preliminary evidence for ginkgo affecting [[dementia]]<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Fan |first1=F |last2=Liu |first2=H |last3=Shi |first3=X |last4=Ai |first4=Y |last5=Liu |first5=Q |last6=Cheng |first6=Y |title=The Efficacy and Safety of Alzheimer's Disease Therapies: An Updated Umbrella Review. |journal=Journal of Alzheimer's Disease|date=2022 |volume=85 |issue=3 |pages=1195–1204 |doi=10.3233/JAD-215423 |pmid=34924395|s2cid=245311001 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Savaskan |first1=Egemen |last2=Mueller |first2=Heiko |last3=Hoerr |first3=Robert |last4=von Gunten |first4=Armin |last5=Gauthier |first5=Serge |date=2018-03-01 |title=Treatment effects of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761® on the spectrum of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials |journal=International Psychogeriatrics |volume=30 |issue=3 |pages=285–293 |doi=10.1017/S1041610217001892 |issn=1741-203X |pmid=28931444}}</ref><ref name="Yuan2017">{{cite journal |last1=Yuan |first1=Qiuju |last2=Wang |first2=Chong-wen |last3=Shi |first3=Jun |last4=Lin |first4=Zhi-xiu |title=Effects of ''Ginkgo biloba'' on dementia: An overview of systematic reviews |journal=Journal of Ethnopharmacology |date=January 2017 |volume=195 |pages=1–9 |doi=10.1016/j.jep.2016.12.005 |pmid=27940086}}</ref> and [[tardive dyskinesia]] symptoms in people with [[schizophrenia]].<ref name="Zheng">{{cite journal |last1=Zheng |first1=W. |last2=Xiang |first2=Y.-Q. |last3=Ng |first3=C. |last4=Ungvari |first4=G. |last5=Chiu |first5=H. |last6=Xiang |first6=Y.-T. |title=Extract of ''Ginkgo biloba'' for tardive dyskinesia: Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials |journal=Pharmacopsychiatry |volume=49 |issue=3 |date=2016-03-15 |issn=0176-3679 |pmid=26979525 |doi=10.1055/s-0042-102884 |pages=107–111|s2cid=36484519 }}</ref>

===Traditional medicine===
Ginkgo has been used in [[traditional Chinese medicine]] since at least the 11th century CE.<ref name="Crane2013">{{cite book |last1=Crane |first1=Peter R. |title=Ginkgo: The Tree That Time Forgot |date=2013 |publisher=Yale University Press |location=New Haven |isbn=978-0-300-21382-9 |page=242 |quote=According to some sources, the medicinal use of ginkgo dates back to 2800 B.C.… However, the first undisputed written records of ginkgo come much later… Ginkgo first appears in copies of the Shen Nung pharmacopeia around the eleventh and twelfth centuries.}}</ref> Ginkgo seeds, leaves, and nuts have traditionally been used to treat various ailments, such as dementia, asthma, bronchitis, and kidney and bladder disorders. However, there is no conclusive evidence that ginkgo is useful for any of these conditions.<ref name="nccih" /><ref name="drugs" /><ref name="Faran1997">{{cite book |last1=Faran |first1=Mina |last2=Tcherni |first2=Anna |title=Medicinal herbs in Modern Medicine (ṣimḥei marpé bir'fū'ah ha-modernīt) |volume=1 |publisher=Akademon (Hebrew University of Jerusalem) |date=1997 |location=Jerusalem |pages=77–78 |language=he |oclc=233179155 |isbn=965-350-068-6}}, s.v. ''Ginkgo biloba''</ref>

The [[European Medicines Agency]] [[Committee on Herbal Medicinal Products]] concluded that medicines containing ginkgo leaf can be used for treating mild age-related [[dementia]] and mild [[peripheral vascular disease]] in adults after serious conditions have been excluded by a physician.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ginkgo folium |date=3 August 2015 |url=https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/herbal/ginkgo-folium |publisher=European Medicines Agency |access-date=11 May 2021}}</ref>