Editing Geography of Pakistan (section)

==Environment and conservation==
{{Main|Environmental issues in Pakistan}}
The environmental issues is a great problem for the nature and nation of Pakistan and has been disturbing the balance between economic development and environmental protection. As Pakistan is a large importer of both exhaustible and renewable natural resources and a large consumer of [[fossil fuel]]s, the Ministry of Environment of [[Government of Pakistan]] takes responsibility to conserve and [[Environmentalism|protect the environment]].

'''Current issues''': water pollution from raw sewage, industrial wastes, and agricultural runoff; limited natural fresh water resources; a majority of the population does not have access to potable water; [[deforestation]]; [[soil erosion]]; [[desertification]].

===Natural disasters===
{{Main|List of natural disasters in Pakistan}}
Pakistan is subject to frequent [[earthquake]]s which are often severe (especially in north and west) and severe [[flood]]ing along the Indus after heavy rains (July and August). [[Landslide]]s are common in the northern mountains.

===Protected areas===
{{Main|Protected areas of Pakistan}}
There are 35 [[National Parks|national parks]], 135 [[Wildlife Sanctuary|wildlife sanctuaries]], 160 [[game reserve]]s, 9 marine and littoral protected areas, 19 protected [[Ramsar convention|wetlands]] and a number of other protected [[grassland]]s, [[shrubland]]s, [[woodland]]s and [[natural monument]]s.

===Tidal Flats===
A recent global [[remote sensing]] analysis suggested that there were 1,575&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> of tidal flats in Pakistan, making it the 20th ranked country in terms of how much tidal flat occurs there.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Murray |first1=N.J. |last2=Phinn |first2=S.R. |last3=DeWitt |first3=M. |last4=Ferrari |first4=R. |last5=Johnston |first5=R. |last6=Lyons |first6=M.B. |last7=Clinton |first7=N. |last8=Thau |first8=D. |last9=Fuller |first9=R.A. |title=The global distribution and trajectory of tidal flats |journal=Nature |date=2019 |volume=565 |issue=7738 |pages=222–225 |doi=10.1038/s41586-018-0805-8 |pmid=30568300 |s2cid=56481043 |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-018-0805-8}}</ref>

===International agreements===
Pakistan is a party to several international agreements related to environment and climate, the most prominent among them are:

{| width="100%" bgcolor="#fff4f4"
!align="center" colspan="2"|Treaties and Agreements
|-align="center"
!align="left" valign="top"| Specific Regions and [[Sea]]s
|align="left" valign="top"|<small> [[United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea|Law of the Sea]], Ship Pollution ([[MARPOL 73/78]])</small>
|-align="center"
!align="left" valign="top"| [[Earth's atmosphere|Atmosphere]] and [[Climate]]
|align="left" valign="top"|<small>[[United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change|Climate Change]], [[Montreal Protocol|Ozone Layer Protection]], [[Partial Test Ban Treaty|Nuclear Test Ban]]</small>
|-align="center"
!align="left" valign="top"| [[Biodiversity]], [[environment (biophysical)|Environment]], and [[Forest]]s
|align="left" valign="top"|<small>[[United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification|Desertification]], [[CITES|Endangered Species]], [[Environmental Modification Convention|Environmental Modification]], [[Ramsar Convention|Wetland]]s, [[Convention on Fishing and Conservation of Living Resources of the High Seas|Marine Life Conservation]]</small>
|-align="center"
!align="left" valign="top"| [[Waste]]s
|align="left" valign="top"|<small>[[Basel Convention|Hazardous Wastes]]</small>
|-align="center"
!align="left" valign="top"| [[River]]s
|align="left" valign="top"|<small>[[Indus Waters Treaty]]</small>
|}