Editing Gender identity (section)

===Gender dysphoria and gender identity disorder===

{{main article|Gender dysphoria}}

[[Gender dysphoria]] (previously called "gender identity disorder" or GID in the ''[[Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders]]'' or DSM) is the formal diagnosis of people who experience significant [[dysphoria]] (discontent) with the sex they were assigned at birth and/or the gender roles associated with that sex:<ref>{{cite web | title = Gender Identity Disorder | work = Psychology Today | date = 24 October 2005 | url = http://www.psychologytoday.com/conditions/gender-identity-disorder | access-date = 16 December 2010 | archive-date = 6 March 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210306161912/https://www.psychologytoday.com/intl/conditions/gender-dysphoria | url-status = live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=6 March 2010 |title=Gender Dysphoria Organization Research and Education - About Gender Dysphoria |url=http://www.genderdysphoria.org/genderdysphoria_medical.html |access-date=13 May 2021 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100306075726/http://www.genderdysphoria.org/genderdysphoria_medical.html|archive-date=6 March 2010}}</ref> "In gender identity disorder, there is discordance between the natal sex of one's external genitalia and the brain coding of one's gender as masculine or feminine."<ref name="GID" /> The DSM (302.85) has five criteria that must be met before a diagnosis of gender identity disorder can be made, and the disorder is further subdivided into specific diagnoses based on age, for example [[gender identity disorder in children]] (for children who experience gender dysphoria).

The concept of gender identity appeared in the third edition of the DSM, [[DSM-III]] (1980), in the form of two [[mental disorder|psychiatric diagnoses]] of gender dysphoria: gender identity disorder of childhood (GIDC), and transsexualism (for adolescents and adults). The 1987 revision of the manual, [[DSM-III-R]], added a third diagnosis: gender identity disorder of adolescence and adulthood, nontranssexual type. This latter diagnosis was removed in the subsequent revision, DSM-IV (1994), which also collapsed GIDC and transsexualism into a new diagnosis of gender identity disorder.<ref name="Historical Note">{{cite journal | vauthors = Zucker KJ, Spitzer RL | title = Was the gender identity disorder of childhood diagnosis introduced into DSM-III as a backdoor maneuver to replace homosexuality? A historical note | journal = Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy | volume = 31 | issue = 1 | pages = 31–42 | date = Jan–Feb 2005 | pmid = 15841704 | doi = 10.1080/00926230590475251 | s2cid = 22589255 }}</ref> In 2013, the [[DSM-5]] renamed the diagnosis ''gender dysphoria'' and revised its definition.<ref>{{cite web|vauthors=Parry W|date=4 June 2013|title=DSM-5 Reflects Shift In Perspective On Gender Identity|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/06/04/gender-dysphoria-dsm-5_n_3385287.html|access-date=23 October 2015|website=The Huffington Post|archive-date=8 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160508073004/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/06/04/gender-dysphoria-dsm-5_n_3385287.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

The authors of a 2005 academic paper questioned the classification of gender identity problems as a [[mental disorder]], speculating that certain DSM revisions may have been made on a tit-for-tat basis when certain groups were pushing for the removal of homosexuality as a disorder. This remains controversial,<ref name="Historical Note"/> although the vast majority of today's mental health professionals follow and agree with the current DSM classifications. In recent years, however, there has been a "growing chorus of voices contesting the pathologization of transgender lives and the dominance of medical-scientific narratives about trans experience."<ref>{{cite book |doi=10.1093/OBO/9780199791231-0215 |chapter=Transgender Children |title=Childhood Studies |year=2019 |last1=Kennedy |first1=RM |last2=Farley |first2=Lisa |isbn=978-0-19-979123-1 }}</ref> As such, in 2019, the [[World Health Organization]] removed gender dysphoria from the mental illness chapter and moved it instead to the sexual health chapter, changing the term "Gender Dysphoria" to "Gender Incongruence," thereby removing gender dysphoria as a pathological mental illness.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://icd.who.int/browse11/l-m/en#/http%3a%2f%2fid.who.int%2ficd%2fentity%2f90875286 | title=ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics | access-date=4 December 2022 | archive-date=1 August 2018 | archive-url=https://archive.today/20180801205234/https://icd.who.int/browse11/l-m/en%23/http://id.who.int/icd/entity/294762853#/http%3a%2f%2fid.who.int%2ficd%2fentity%2f90875286 | url-status=live }}</ref>