Editing GEM (desktop environment) (section)

==References==
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name="Dilger_2007">{{cite web |title=Office Wars 3 – How Microsoft Got Its Office Monopoly |work=RoughlyDrafted Magazine |date=2007-09-10 |author-last=Dilger |author-first=Daniel Eran |location=San Francisco, California, USA |url=http://www.roughlydrafted.com/2007/09/10/office-wars-3-how-microsoft-got-its-office-monopoly/ |access-date=2013-08-15 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130819163331/http://www.roughlydrafted.com/2007/09/10/office-wars-3-how-microsoft-got-its-office-monopoly/ |archive-date=2013-08-19}}</ref>
<ref name="Barney_1987">{{cite news |newspaper=[[Computerworld]] |issn=0010-4841 |volume=XXI |number=44 |publisher=[[CW Publishing, Inc.]] |date=1987-11-02 |title=Microbits: Waiting is hardest part |author-first=Douglas |author-last=Barney |pages=37, 45 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mUSIMiurpfYC&pg=PP44 |access-date=2020-01-11 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200111070925/https://books.google.com/books?id=mUSIMiurpfYC&pg=PP44 |archive-date=2020-01-11}}</ref>
<ref name="Fitler_1989">{{cite journal |title=Writing portable applications with X/GEM - How does X/GEM compare with other windowing systems? |author-first=Bill |author-last=Fitler |date=March 1989 |journal=[[Dr. Dobb's Journal]] |url=http://collaboration.cmc.ec.gc.ca/science/rpn/biblio/ddj/Website/articles/DDJ/1989/8903/8903c/8903c.htm |access-date=2016-11-24 |archive-date=2014-08-11  |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140811034828/http://collaboration.cmc.ec.gc.ca/science/rpn/biblio/ddj/Website/articles/DDJ/1989/8903/8903c/8903c.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>
<ref name="DRI_GEM_Announce_1984">{{cite web |url=http://corphist.computerhistory.org/corphist/view.php?s=events&id=1822 |title=Digital Research Announces GEM |work=Corporate Histories Collection - Computer History Museum |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725190931/http://corphist.computerhistory.org/corphist/view.php?s=events&id=1822 |archive-date=2011-07-25 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name="CW_1989">{{cite news |title=Der GEM-Oldie von Digital Research läuft und läuft: Eine Benutzeroberfläche für diverse Rechnerarchitekturen |language=de |newspaper=[[Computerwoche]] |issn=0170-5121 |publisher=[[IDG Business Media GmbH]] |date=1989-08-18 |url=http://www.computerwoche.de/a/eine-benutzeroberflaeche-fuer-diverse-rechnerarchitekturen,1151796 |access-date=2016-11-24 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161124153620/http://www.computerwoche.de/a/eine-benutzeroberflaeche-fuer-diverse-rechnerarchitekturen%2C1151796 |archive-date=2016-11-24}}</ref>
<ref name="Leon_1996_Caldera">{{cite news |title=Caldera reopens 'settled' suit, buys DR DOS — Antitrust suit against Microsoft |author-first=Mark |author-last=Leon |series=News |date=1996-07-29 |newspaper=[[InfoWorld]] |publisher=[[InfoWorld Publishing Co.]] |volume=18 |issue=31 |issn=0199-6649 |page=3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jj0EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA3 |access-date=2020-02-08 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200208123222/https://books.google.de/books?id=Jj0EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA3&lpg=PP1&focus=viewport&hl=de |archive-date=2020-02-08}} [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_Jj0EAAAAMBAJ/page/n6/mode/1up]; {{cite news |title=Caldera reopens 'settled' suit, buys DR DOS — Microsoft's response: lawsuit is 'ironic and sad' |author-first=Mark |author-last=Leon |date=1996-07-29 |newspaper=[[Computerworld New Zealand]] |issn=0113-1494 |id=CMPWNZ |volume=<!-- different from US issue --> |number=<!-- different from US issue --> |publisher=[[IDG Communications]] |url=https://www.computerworld.co.nz/article/519730/caldera_reopens_settled_suit_buys_dr_dos/ |access-date=2018-02-13 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180823043437/https://www.computerworld.co.nz/article/519730/caldera_reopens_settled_suit_buys_dr_dos/ |archive-date=2018-08-23}} <!-- This article cannot be found in the US issue of Computerworld |issn=0010-4841 |volume=30 |number=31 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rrz6PIR7f0oC --></ref>
<ref name="Caldera_1997_WebSpyder">{{cite web |editor-first=Joseph P. |editor-last=Morris |title=Caldera Announces OEM Availability of "Web-TV"-like Functionality Using OpenDOS - Caldera WebSpyder Adds Customizable Inter/Intranet Functionality to OEM Solutions |publisher=[[Caldera, Inc.]] |location=Provo, Utah, USA |orig-year=1997-05-19 |date=1997-05-23 |via=www.delorie.com/opendos |url=http://www.delorie.com/opendos/archives/browse.cgi?p=opendos/1997/05/23/11:49:03 |access-date=2018-08-26 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180826121756/http://www.delorie.com/opendos/archives/browse.cgi?p=opendos%2F1997%2F05%2F23%2F11%3A49%3A03 |archive-date=2018-08-26}}</ref>
<ref name="Jemmett_1999">{{cite web |work=Deltasoft - GEM News |title=Caldera releases GEM under the GPL |date=April 1999 |author-first=Ben A. L. |author-last=Jemmett |url=http://www.deltasoft.com/news.htm |access-date=2016-11-07 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107145947/http://www.deltasoft.com/news.htm |archive-date=2016-11-07 |quote=[[Caldera Thin Clients, Inc.]] released the source code for GEM and [[ViewMAX]] under the [[GNU General Public License]] in mid April, following years of speculation over GEM's future. Caldera bought the GEM sources from [[Novell]] along with the [[DR-DOS]] in 1996<!-- correct: 1996, not 1997! -->, at the time noting that they may develop GEM into a platform for mobile computers and thin clients. However, these plans were dropped, and GEM was instead released into the open-source community.}}</ref>
<ref name="Scott_1991">{{cite news |title=Novell/DRI merger to reap better client management |author-first=Karyl |author-last=Scott |date=1991-07-29 |series=Networking |newspaper=[[InfoWorld]] |issn=0199-6649 |volume=13 |issue=30 |page=33 |publisher=[[InfoWorld Publishing Co.]] |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mVAEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA33 |access-date=2017-01-21 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200209155946/https://books.google.de/books?id=mVAEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA33&lpg=PA33&redir_esc=y |archive-date=2020-02-09}}</ref>
<ref name="BW_1991">{{cite news |title=Novell and Digital Research sign definitive merger agreement |date=1991-07-17 |work=[[Business Wire]] |url=http://tech-insider.org/personal-computers/research/1991/0717.html |access-date=2017-01-24 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180818133749/https://tech-insider.org/personal-computers/research/1991/0717.html |archive-date=2018-08-18}}</ref>
<ref name="MyAES">{{cite web |title=MyAES |editor-first1=Olivier |editor-last1=Landemarre |editor-first2=Vincent |editor-last2=Rivière |editor-first3=Didier |editor-last3=Méquignon |editor-first4=Eric |editor-last4=Reboux |editor-first5=Arnaud |editor-last5=Bercegeay |editor-first6=Dominique |editor-last6=Béréziat |editor7=Zorro |editor-first8=Philipp |editor-last8=Donzé |editor-first9=Jean Francois |editor-last9=Lemaire |editor-first10=Roland |editor-last10=Sevin |editor-first11=Jean-Marc |editor-last11=Stocklausen |editor-first12=Frédéric |editor-last12=Boudet |editor-first13=Patrice |editor-last13=Mandin |date=2017-12-10 |orig-year=2011 |version=Release: 0.97 |url=http://myaes.lutece.net/ |access-date=2020-01-11 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191102084038/http://myaes.lutece.net/ |archive-date=2019-11-02}}</ref>
<ref name="Schemenaur_1986">{{cite news |title=Digital Research to Unveil Gem Option That Switches Between Applications |author-first=P. J. |author-last=Schemenaur |newspaper=[[InfoWorld]] - The PC News Weekly |issn=0199-6649 |publisher=[[Popular Computing, Inc.]] |date=1986-10-27 |volume=8 |issue=42 |page=5 |location=Monterey, California, USA |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mTwEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA5 |access-date=2018-09-12 }}</ref>
<ref name="Elliott_2013_GEMXM">{{cite web |title=GEM/XM screenshots |author-first=John C. |author-last=Elliott |date=2013 |work=Seasip.info |url=http://www.seasip.info/Gem/History/gemxm.html |access-date=2018-09-12 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20180912002650/http://www.seasip.info/Gem/History/gemxm.html |archive-date=2018-09-12}}</ref>
<ref name="DR_1987_GEMXM">{{cite journal |title=GEM XM switches programs under DOS and DOS Plus |journal=[[European Review (Digital Research)|European Review]] |publisher=[[Digital Research]] |date=January 1987 |issue=20 |page=1 |url=http://archive.computerhistory.org/resources/access/text/2017/03/102770758-05-01-acc.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://archive.computerhistory.org/resources/access/text/2017/03/102770758-05-01-acc.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live |access-date=2018-09-12 }}</ref>
<ref name="Harris_2001">{{cite web |editor-first=Dylan |editor-last=Harris |title=download - XM |date=2000 |publisher=[[Digital Research]] |url=https://dylanharris.org/prose/gem/downloads.shtml |access-date=2001-09-12 |quote=GEM XM Desktop allows you to run several applications at once. You can switch at will between them and even pass data from application to application. No longer need you finish one job before starting another. No more errors in typing the output of one programme as input to the next. Even for DOS applications that were not specially written for GEM. These new capabilities are in addition to the easy–to–use GEM Desktop functions of organising and displaying the contents of your discs. All commands use drop–down menus so need no memorizing. Discs and files are represented by icons which are unambiguous and easy to select, especially with a mouse. GEM XM Desktop is delivered complete with the indispensable GEM Diary which has alarm clock, calendar, diary and card index functions constantly available.}}</ref>
<ref name="DRI_1988_CDOS">{{cite web |title=Concurrent DOS - Powerful Multiuser Multitasking Operating Systems |date=1988 |orig-year=1987 |publisher=[[Digital Research Inc.]] |id=1090-1411-002 |url=http://bitsavers.org/pdf/digitalResearch/concurrent/1090-1411-002_Concurrent_DOS_Brochure_1988.pdf |access-date=2018-10-16 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191126194741/http://bitsavers.org/pdf/digitalResearch/concurrent/1090-1411-002_Concurrent_DOS_Brochure_1988.pdf |archive-date=2019-11-26}}</ref>
<ref name="DRI_1984_DD">{{cite news |title=One man's drive to standardize GSX |volume=3 |number=4 |date=August 1984 |newspaper=[[Digital Dialogue (Digital Research)|Digital Dialogue]] - Employee Newsletter of Digital Research Inc. |publisher=[[Digital Research]] |page=3 |url=http://maben.homeip.net/static/S100/software/DRI/Digital%20Dialogue/03x04%20198408%20Digital%20Dialogue.pdf |access-date=2022-09-19  |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150616225233/http://maben.homeip.net/static/S100/software/DRI/Digital%20Dialogue/03x04%20198408%20Digital%20Dialogue.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name="CW_1990_Artline">{{cite news |title=Digital Research stellt Artline 2 vor - Unter GEM-Oberfläche illustrieren und präsentieren |language=de |date=1990-02-09 |author=<!-- CW, staff writer, no byline --> |newspaper=[[Computerwoche]] |issn=0170-5121 |publisher=[[IDG Business Media GmbH]] |location=Munich, Germany |url=https://www.computerwoche.de/a/unter-gem-oberflaeche-illustrieren-und-praesentieren,1144263 |access-date=2020-01-12 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200112002517/https://www.computerwoche.de/a/unter-gem-oberflaeche-illustrieren-und-praesentieren,1144263 |archive-date=2020-01-12}}</ref>
<ref name="DR_1990_Artline_IST">{{cite book |title=Digital Research Artline Installation / Startup |publisher=[[Digital Research]] / CCP Development GmbH |id=5161-2052-002 |date=November 1990 |orig-year=1988 |edition=2 |url=https://archive.org/stream/bitsavers_digitalRes2.051612052002ArtlineInstallationStartup_6997120/5161-2052-002_Artline_Installation_Startup_Tutorial_Nov90_djvu.txt |access-date=2020-01-12}}</ref>
<ref name="DR_1990_Artline_GUG">{{cite book |title=Digital Research Artline Graphics Utilities Guide |publisher=[[Digital Research]] / CCP Development GmbH |id=5161-2042-002 |date=August 1990 |orig-year=1988 |edition=1 |url=https://archive.org/stream/bitsavers_digitalRes2.051612042002ArtlineGraphicsUtilitiesGu_2640303/5161-2042-002_Artline_Graphics_Utilities_Guide_Aug90_djvu.txt |access-date=2020-01-12}}</ref>
<ref name="DR_1991_Artline_RN">{{cite book |title=Artline Release Note |edition=3 |date=January 1991 |id=5161-1001-003 |url=https://usermanual.wiki/Document/51611001003ArtlineReleaseNote233Jan91.2932260941/view |access-date=2020-01-12 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200112020823/https://usermanual.wiki/Document/51611001003ArtlineReleaseNote233Jan91.2932260941/view |archive-date=2020-01-12}} [https://usermanual.wiki/Document/51611001003ArtlineReleaseNote233Jan91.2932260941/help<!-- https://archive.today/20200112021022/https://usermanual.wiki/Document/51611001003ArtlineReleaseNote233Jan91.2932260941/help -->]</ref>
<ref name="DR_1990_Artline_URG">{{cite book |title=Digital Research Artline User Reference Guide |publisher=[[Digital Research]] / CCP Development GmbH |id=5161-2062-002 |date=November 1990 |orig-year=1988 |edition=2 |url=http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/digitalResearch/gem/GEM3/Artline_2.0/5161-2062-002_Artline_User_Reference_Guide_Nov90.pdf |access-date=2020-01-10 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191204110131/http://bitsavers.org/pdf/digitalResearch/gem/GEM3/Artline_2.0/5161-2062-002_Artline_User_Reference_Guide_Nov90.pdf |archive-date=2019-12-04}}</ref>
<ref name="ANALOG_TCS_1">{{cite newsgroup |title=DRI Ships GEM |editor-first=C. E. |editor-last=Malloy |work=[[ANALOG Computing|A.N.A.L.O.G.]] TCS #1 |date=1985-07-02 |orig-year=1985-03-20 |newsgroup=net.micro.atari |id=ihlpa.704 |url=https://groups.google.com/group/net.micro.atari/msg/be027ae35c6e11a2?dmode=source&hl=en |access-date=2020-01-11 |quote=Digital Research Inc.'s (DRI) new Graphics Environment Manager (GEM) system software was shipped as scheduled to original-equipment manufacturers (OEMs) February 28, the company announced March 11, 1985.}}</ref>
<ref name="Lineback_GSX">{{cite web |author-first=Nathan |author-last=Lineback |url=http://toastytech.com/guis/gsx.html |title=GSX Screen Shots |work=Toastytech.com |access-date=2020-01-15 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200115071430/http://toastytech.com/guis/gsx.html |archive-date=2020-01-15}}</ref>
<ref name="Lineback_GEM11">{{cite web |author-first=Nathan |author-last=Lineback |url=http://toastytech.com/guis/gem11.html |title=GEM 1.1 screenshots |work=Toastytech.com |access-date=2016-08-01 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191225055144/http://toastytech.com/guis/gem11.html |archive-date=2019-12-25}}</ref>
<ref name="Lineback_GEM20">{{cite web |author-first=Nathan |author-last=Lineback |url=http://toastytech.com/guis/gem20.html |title=GEM 2.0 Screen Shots |work=Toastytech.com |access-date=2016-08-01 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190822172443/http://toastytech.com/guis/gem20.html |archive-date=2019-08-22}}</ref>
<ref name="Lineback_GEM311">{{cite web |author-first=Nathan |author-last=Lineback |url=http://toastytech.com/guis/gem311.html |title=GEM 3.11 Screen Shots |work=Toastytech.com |access-date=2016-08-01 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191118001922/http://toastytech.com/guis/gem311.html |archive-date=2019-11-18}}</ref>
<ref name="Seasip_GEM11">{{cite web |editor-first=John C. |editor-last=Elliott |url=http://www.seasip.info/Gem/screens.html |title=Screenshots of GEM |work=Seasip.info |date=2007-03-18 |access-date=2016-08-01 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190521190431/http://www.seasip.info/Gem/screens.html |archive-date=2019-05-21}}</ref>
<ref name="Seasip_Apricot">{{cite web |editor-first=John C. |editor-last=Elliott |title=Screenshots of Apricot GEM/1 |work=Seasip.info |url=http://www.seasip.info/Gem/History/apricot.html |access-date=2016-08-01 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190404060430/http://www.seasip.info/Gem/History/apricot.html |archive-date=2019-04-04}}</ref>
<ref name="Seasip_GEM4">{{cite web |editor-first=John C. |editor-last=Elliott |title=Screenshots of GEM/4 |work=Seasip.info |url=http://www.seasip.info/Gem/History/gem4.html |access-date=2016-08-01 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190610112712/http://www.seasip.info/Gem/History/gem4.html |archive-date=2019-06-10}}</ref>
<ref name="Seasip_GEM5">{{cite web |editor-first=John C. |editor-last=Elliott |title=Screenshots of GEM/5 |work=Seasip.info |url=http://www.seasip.info/Gem/History/gem5.html |access-date=2016-08-01 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190610112840/http://www.seasip.info/Gem/History/gem5.html |archive-date=2019-06-10}}</ref>
<ref name="Markoff_1985">{{cite magazine |url=https://archive.org/stream/byte-magazine-1985-06/1985_06_BYTE_10-06_Programming_Techniques#page/n461/mode/2up |title=A GEM Seminar |magazine=[[BYTE]] |date=June 1985 |access-date=2013-10-27 |author-last1=Markoff |author-first1=John Gregory |author-link1=John Gregory Markoff |author-last2=Robinson |author-first2=Phillip |page=455}}</ref> 
<ref name="Kisor_1985">{{cite news |title=GEM Write Gives IBM Owners Apple-styled Word Processing |author-last=Kisor |author-first=Henry |work=[[Orlando Sentinel]] |date=1985-11-16 |url=https://www.orlandosentinel.com/1985/11/16/gem-write-gives-ibm-owners-apple-styled-word-processing/ |access-date=2015-01-05 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190213013907/http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1985-11-16/business/0340370203_1_gem-desktop-graphics-adaptor-called-gem |archive-date=2019-02-13}}</ref>
<ref name="Alsop_1988">{{cite journal |author-last=Alsop |author-first=Stewart II |author-link=Stewart Johonnot Oliver Alsop, Jr. |date=1988-01-18 |title=WUI: The War Over User Interface |journal=P.C. Letter - the Insider's Guide to the Personal Computer Industry |issn=8756-7822 |publisher=PCW Communications Inc. |volume=4 |issue=2 |pages=1–4 |url=http://vintagecomputer.net/cisc367/PC-Letter_19880118.pdf |access-date=2020-01-11 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190823080704/http://vintagecomputer.net/cisc367/PC-Letter_19880118.pdf |archive-date=2019-08-23}}</ref>
<ref name="Motorola_VME10">{{cite web |title=Motorola VME/10 Microcomputer System Overview Manual |id=M68KVSOM/D1 |edition=1 |date=February 1984 |publisher=[[Motorola Inc.]] |url=http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/motorola/VME_10/M68KVSOM_D1_VME_10_Microcomputer_System_Overview_Manual_Feb84.pdf |access-date=2020-01-11 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191127151756/http://bitsavers.org/pdf/motorola/VME_10/M68KVSOM_D1_VME_10_Microcomputer_System_Overview_Manual_Feb84.pdf |archive-date=2019-11-27}}</ref>
<ref name="Harris_GEMDOS">{{Cite web |url=https://dylanharris.org/prose/gem/gemdos.zip |title=Archived copy |access-date=2018-09-12  |archive-date=2006-07-13  |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060713152657/http://dylanharris.org/prose/gem/gemdos.zip |url-status=dead }}</ref>
<ref name="Landon 2008">{{cite web |title=The Atari ST, Part 2 |author-first=Landon |author-last=Dyer |url=http://www.dadhacker.com/blog/?p=1000 | url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181010044524/http://www.dadhacker.com/blog/?p=1000 |archive-date=2018-10-10}}</ref>
<ref name="Daniels_1988">{{cite magazine |title=3 Years With the ST - An exclusive look inside Tramiel's Atari |author-first=Jeffrey |author-last=Daniels |magazine=[[STart (magazine)|STart]] - The ST Quarterly |publisher=[[Antic Publishing]] |series=START Magazine Archive |volume=3 |number=1 |date=Summer 1988 |page=22 |url=http://www.atarimagazines.com/startv3n1/threeyearsofst.html |access-date=2020-01-11 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191102154739/https://www.atarimagazines.com/startv3n1/threeyearsofst.html |archive-date=2019-11-02}}</ref>
<ref name="Krautter_1999">{{cite web |title=GEM/4 |author-first1=Thomas |author-last1=Krautter |author-first2=Chris J. |author-last2=Barnes |date=2006-06-14 |orig-year=1999-12-29 |work=GEM Development |url=https://www.simpits.org/pipermail/gem-dev/2006-June/001176.html |access-date=2020-01-12 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130316085447/http://www.simpits.org/pipermail/gem-dev/2006-June/001176.html |archive-date=2013-03-16 |quote=[…] In general, I like the idea of releasing Artline 1 and/or 2 to the public domain, given, some general things are discussed. […] comments on Artline, because the application all the time has been our own copyright, all code was written at [[CCP Development GmbH|CCP]], the trademark has been [[Digital Research]]'s (now it's ours) and the Artline 2 Operating System has been GEM/4. Artline 1 needs GEM 3.1, while all changes to GEM/4 have been made in cooperation with [[Lee Lorenzen]] and [[Don Heiskell]] to keep compatibility with [[Ventura Publisher|ventura publisher]]. Bill Herndon is currently checking his archive to see, if he may contribute GEM/4 VDI and driver sources. […]}}</ref>
<ref name="Wong_1984_GSX">{{cite magazine |title=Digital Research's GSX: Graphics Portability |id=GSX13ART.TXT |author-first=William G. |author-last=Wong |magazine=[[Microsystems (magazine)|Microsystems]] |date=July 1984 |pages=74 |url=http://www.cpm.z80.de/roche/GSX13ART.TXT |access-date=2020-01-12 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191020124628/http://www.cpm.z80.de/roche/GSX13ART.TXT |archive-date=2019-10-20}}</ref>
<ref name="NYT_1985_GEM">{{cite news |title=Digital Research To Modify GEM |date=1985-10-01 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |page=D-4 |edition=National |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/10/01/business/digital-research-to-modify-gem.html |access-date=2020-01-12 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180930193153/https://www.nytimes.com/1985/10/01/business/digital-research-to-modify-gem.html |archive-date=2018-09-30 |url-access=limited}}</ref>
<ref name="Watt_1985_Apple">{{cite news |title=Apple forces rewrite of GEM |series=News |author-first=Peggy |author-last=Watt |newspaper=[[Computerworld]] |issn=0010-4841 |publisher=[[CW Publishing, Inc.]] |date=1985-10-07 |location=Monterey, California, USA |volume=XIX |number=40 |page=2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w3IudMVoEusC&pg=PA2 |access-date=2020-02-12 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200212143052/https://books.google.de/books?id=w3IudMVoEusC&pg=PA2&lpg=PA2&redir_esc=y |archive-date=2020-02-12}}</ref>
<ref name="Watt_1986_Reorg">{{cite news |author-last=Watt |author-first=Peggy |title=Digital Research tighens belt with layoffs, reorganization - Realign business units, product lines |series=Computer Industry |date=1986-10-27 |newspaper=[[Computerworld]] - The Newsweekly for the Computer Community |publisher=[[CW Communications, Inc.]] |issn=0010-4841 |volume=XX |issue=43 |location=Monterey, California, USA |page=95 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nI091j0HhhwC&pg=PA95 |access-date=2020-02-16 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200216233625/https://books.google.de/books?id=nI091j0HhhwC&pg=PA95&lpg=PA95&redir_esc=y |archive-date=2020-02-16}}</ref>
<ref name="GUI_History">{{cite web |author-last=Reimer |author-first=Jeremy  |title=A History of the GUI |work=[[Ars Technica]] |date=2005-05-05 |url=http://www.living-information.de/pdf/gui_history.pdf |access-date=2012-07-23 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719055252/http://www.living-information.de/pdf/gui_history.pdf |archive-date=2011-07-19}} (28 pages)</ref>
<ref name="CW_1985_CDOS">{{cite news |author=<!-- CW, staff writer, no byline --> |title=Concurrent DOS 4.1 in den USA angekündigt |language=de |date=1985-06-21 |newspaper=[[Computerwoche]] |issn=0170-5121 |publisher=[[IDG Business Media GmbH]] |url=http://www.computerwoche.de/a/concurrent-dos-4-1-in-den-usa-angekuendigt,1169757 |access-date=2017-01-18 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118112800/http://www.computerwoche.de/a/concurrent-dos-4-1-in-den-usa-angekuendigt,1169757 |archive-date=2017-01-18}}</ref>
<ref name="Elliott_GSX">{{cite web |editor-first=John C. |editor-last=Elliott |title=The Graphics System eXtension |work=Seasip.info |date=2014-07-07 |url=https://www.seasip.info/Cpm/gsx.html |access-date=2020-01-13 }}</ref>
<ref name="Elliott_VDI">{{cite web |editor-first=John C. |editor-last=Elliott |title=The Virtual Device Interface |work=Seasip.info |date=2014-07-07 |url=http://www.seasip.info/Gem/vdi.html |access-date=2020-01-13 }}</ref>
<ref name="Elliott_AES">{{cite web |editor-first1=John C. |editor-last1=Elliott |editor-first2=Thomas |editor-last2=H. |title=The Application Environment Services |work=Seasip.info |date=2014-07-07 |url=http://www.seasip.info/Gem/aes.html |access-date=2020-01-13 }}</ref>
<ref name="DRI_1984_MicroNotes2">{{cite news |title=DRI promotes graphics standard |newspaper=[[Micro Notes (Digital Research)|Micro Notes]] - Technical information on Digital Research products |volume=2 |number=2 |date=May 1984 |publisher=[[Digital Research, Inc.]] |location=Pacific Grove, California, USA |id=NWS-106-002 |page=12 |url=https://www.z80cpu.eu/mirrors/oldcomputers.dyndns.org/public/pub/manuals/DRI_Micronotes_Vol2_1,2,3_full.pdf |access-date=2020-02-11 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200211005618/https://www.z80cpu.eu/mirrors/oldcomputers.dyndns.org/public/pub/manuals/DRI_Micronotes_Vol2_1,2,3_full.pdf |archive-date=2020-02-11 |quote=[…] <!-- Once the exact driver names have been identified, they should be moved into the driver list in the article body -->[[Polaroid Palette]] (part of the Presentation Master package from Digital Research), [[Diablo Data Systems|Diablo]] Cl30 Color InkJet printer, Transtar color printer, [[Houston Instruments]] CMP-29/40/41/42 plotter series. Strobe 100/260 plotter series, the [[Hewlett-Packard]] 7473A plotter and [[Philips]] GP&nbsp;300L Hi and Lo Res printers. […]}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20200211102248/https://www.z80cpu.eu/mirrors/oldcomputers.dyndns.org/public/pub/manuals/DRI_Micronotes_Vol2_1,2,3_bw_full.pdf<!-- https://www.z80cpu.eu/mirrors/oldcomputers.dyndns.org/public/pub/manuals/DRI_Micronotes_Vol2_1,2,3_bw_full.pdf -->]</ref>
<ref name="DRI_1984_MicroNotes3">{{cite news |title=Language bindings available on data base services |newspaper=[[Micro Notes (Digital Research)|Micro Notes]] - Technical information on Digital Research products |volume=2 |number=3 |date=July 1984 |publisher=[[Digital Research, Inc.]] |location=Pacific Grove, California, USA |id=NWS-106-003 |page=4 |url=https://www.z80cpu.eu/mirrors/oldcomputers.dyndns.org/public/pub/manuals/DRI_Micronotes_Vol2_1,2,3_full.pdf |access-date=2020-02-11 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200211005618/https://www.z80cpu.eu/mirrors/oldcomputers.dyndns.org/public/pub/manuals/DRI_Micronotes_Vol2_1,2,3_full.pdf |archive-date=2020-02-11 |quote=[…] Further documentation in the form of the GSX Language Reference manual is available for 16-bit DRI languages inside the GSX-86 Programmer's Toolkit. The product contains both versions of the newest GSX version 1.3 - one for CP/M-86 (including Concurrent CP/M) and the other for PC-DOS. […]}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20200211102248/https://www.z80cpu.eu/mirrors/oldcomputers.dyndns.org/public/pub/manuals/DRI_Micronotes_Vol2_1,2,3_bw_full.pdf<!-- https://www.z80cpu.eu/mirrors/oldcomputers.dyndns.org/public/pub/manuals/DRI_Micronotes_Vol2_1,2,3_bw_full.pdf -->]</ref>
<ref name="Paul_1997_DRDOS6UN">{{cite book |title=DRDOS6UN.TXT — Zusammenfassung der dokumentierten und undokumentierten Fähigkeiten von DR DOS 6.0 |series=MPDOSTIP |author-first=Matthias R. |author-last=Paul |date=1997-04-13 |orig-year=1993 |edition=60 |language=de |url=http://www.antonis.de/dos/dos-tuts/mpdostip/html/drdos6un.htm |access-date=2016-11-07 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107122830/http://www.antonis.de/dos/dos-tuts/mpdostip/html/drdos6un.htm |archive-date=2016-11-07}}</ref>
<ref name="Paul_1997_NWDOS7UN">{{cite book |title=NWDOS7UN.TXT — Zusammenfassung der dokumentierten und undokumentierten Fähigkeiten von Novell DOS 7 |series=MPDOSTIP |author-first=Matthias R. |author-last=Paul |date=1997-06-07 |orig-year=1994 |edition=85 |language=de |url=http://www.antonis.de/dos/dos-tuts/mpdostip/html/nwdos7un.htm |access-date=2016-11-07 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107122352/http://www.antonis.de/dos/dos-tuts/mpdostip/html/nwdos7un.htm |archive-date=2016-11-07}}</ref>
<ref name="DDHP26XX_2020">{{cite web |title=New driver source |date=2020 |url=http://www.vcfed.org/forum/showthread.php?73271-GSX-for-CP-M-2-2 |access-date=2020-07-28 |archive-date=2020-07-28  |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728224147/http://www.vcfed.org/forum/showthread.php?73271-GSX-for-CP-M-2-2 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
<ref name="UMC">{{cite web |title=UMC UM85C408AF 16-bit ISA Dram VGA Drivers {{!}} Device Drivers |website=oemdrivers.com |date=27 July 2020 |url=https://oemdrivers.com/graphic-umc-um85c408af-drivers |access-date=2020-07-27 }}</ref>
}}