Editing Franklin D. Roosevelt (section)

====GNP and unemployment rates====
{{See also|Great Depression in the United States#Roosevelt's New Deal}}
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left:1em; float:right; clear:right;"
|+Unemployment rates{{Efn|This table shows the estimated unemployment related as calculated by two economists. Michael Darby's estimate counts individuals on work relief programs as employed, while Stanley Lebergott's estimate counts individuals on work relief programs as unemployed<ref name="margo1">{{cite journal|last1=Margo|first1=Robert A.|title=Employment and Unemployment in the 1930s|journal=Journal of Economic Perspectives|date=Spring 1993|volume=7|issue=2|pages=42–43|doi=10.1257/jep.7.2.41|citeseerx=10.1.1.627.1613|s2cid=26369842}}</ref>}}
|-
!Year!!Lebergott!!Darby
|-
|''1929''||''3.2''||''3.2''
|-
|''1932''||''23.6''||''22.9''
|-
|1933||24.9||20.6
|-
|1934||21.7||16.0
|-
|1935||20.1||14.2
|-
|1936||16.9||9.9
|-
|1937||14.3||9.1
|-
|1938||19.0||12.5
|-
|1939||17.2||11.3
|-
|1940||14.6||9.5
|}

Government spending increased from 8.0% of the gross national product (GNP) [[Herbert Hoover#Taxes, revenues, and deficits|under Hoover]] in 1932 to 10.2% in 1936. The [[national debt]] as a percentage of the GNP had more than doubled under Hoover from 16% to 40% of the GNP in early 1933. It held steady at close to 40% as late as fall 1941, then grew rapidly during the war.<ref name="Historical Statistics 1976">{{cite book|title=Historical Statistics of the United States, Colonial Times to 1970|url={{GBurl|id=e91TplHLeQAC|pg=PP1}}|year=1976|publisher=The Bureau of the U.S. Census|pages=Y457, Y493, F32}}</ref> The GNP was 34% higher in 1936 than in 1932 and 58% higher in 1940 on the eve of war. That is, the economy grew 58% from 1932 to 1940, and then grew 56% from 1940 to 1945 in five years of wartime.<ref name="Historical Statistics 1976"/> Unemployment fell dramatically during Roosevelt's first term. It increased in 1938 ("a depression within a depression") but continually declined after 1938.<ref name="margo1"/> Total employment during Roosevelt's term expanded by 18.31&nbsp;million jobs, with an average annual increase in jobs during his administration of 5.3%.<ref>{{cite news|type=graphic|date=July 2, 2003|url=http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/2003/07/02/business/03JOBSch450.gif|format=GIF|work=The New York Times|title=Presidents and Job Growth}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Historical Statistics of the United States, Colonial Times to 1970|url={{GBurl|id=e91TplHLeQAC|pg=PP1}}|year=1976|publisher=The Bureau of the U.S. Census|page=F31}}</ref>