Editing Fertilisation (section)

==Parthenogenesis==
{{main|Parthenogenesis}}
Organisms that normally reproduce sexually can also reproduce via [[parthenogenesis]], wherein an unfertilised female gamete produces viable offspring. These offspring may be clones of the mother, or in some cases genetically differ from her but inherit only part of her DNA. Parthenogenesis occurs in many plants and animals and may be induced in others through a chemical or electrical stimulus to the egg cell. In 2004, Japanese researchers led by [[Tomohiro Kono]] succeeded after 457 attempts to merge the [[ovum|ova]] of two mice by blocking certain proteins that would normally prevent the possibility; the resulting embryo normally developed into a mouse.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1038/nature02402 |pmid=15103378 |title=Birth of parthenogenetic mice that can develop to adulthood |journal=Nature |volume=428 |issue=6985 |pages=860–4 |year=2004 |last1=Kono |first1=Tomohiro |last2=Obata |first2=Yayoi |last3=Wu |first3=Quiong |last4=Niwa |first4=Katsutoshi |last5=Ono |first5=Yukiko |last6=Yamamoto |first6=Yuji |last7=Park |first7=Eun Sung |last8=Seo |first8=Jeong-Sun |last9=Ogawa |first9=Hidehiko |bibcode=2004Natur.428..860K |s2cid=4353479}}
* {{cite magazine |author=Bijal P. Trivedi |date=2004-04-21 |title=The End of Males? Mouse Made to Reproduce Without Sperm |magazine=National Geographic |url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/04/0421_040421_whoneedsmales.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040423005226/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/04/0421_040421_whoneedsmales.html |archive-date=2004-04-23}}</ref>