Editing Eleanor cross (section)

===Waltham (now Waltham Cross)===
[[File:Waltham Cross.JPG|thumb|The Waltham cross]]
<small>({{Coord|51|41|09|N|00|01|59|W|region:GB}})</small><br/>
Eleanor's bier spent the night of 13 December 1290 in the parish of [[Cheshunt]], [[Hertfordshire]].<ref name="pow194"/><ref name="cock345"/> The cross here was built in about 1291 by Roger of Crundale and Nicholas Dymenge at a total recorded cost of over £110.<ref name="colv483"/> It probably became known as ''Waltham Cross'' because it stood at the way to [[Waltham Abbey]], across the [[River Lea]] in Essex, which was clearly visible from its site. The sculpture was by [[Alexander of Abingdon]], with some items supplied by Robert of Corfe.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.artandarchitecture.org.uk/stories/sadrei_eleanorcross.html |title=Image of the cross at Waltham. |access-date=17 May 2006 |archive-date=20 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170620152052/http://www.artandarchitecture.org.uk/stories/sadrei_eleanorcross.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="hun184"/><ref>Powrie 1990, pp. 148–49.</ref> The cross was located outside the village of Waltham, but as the village grew into a town in the 17th and 18th centuries, it began to suffer damage from passing traffic. In 1721, at the instigation of [[William Stukeley]] and at the expense of the [[Society of Antiquaries of London|Society of Antiquaries]], two oak [[bollard]]s were erected "to secure Waltham Cross from injury by carriages".<ref>Powrie 1990, pp. 149–50.</ref><ref>{{cite book |first=Nikolaus |last=Boulting |chapter=The law's delays: conservationist legislation in the British Isles |editor-first=Jane |editor-last=Fawcett |title=The Future of the Past: attitudes to conservation, 1174–1974 |publisher=Thames & Hudson |place=London |year=1976 |isbn=978-0-8230-7184-5 |page=13 }}</ref> The bollards were subsequently removed by the [[Turnpike trusts|turnpike commissioners]], and in 1757 Stukeley arranged for a protective brick plinth to be erected instead, at the expense of [[John Monson, 2nd Baron Monson|Lord Monson]].<ref name="A&B363">Alexander and Binski 1987, p. 363.</ref><ref>Galloway 1914, p. 75.</ref> The cross is still standing, but has been restored on several occasions, in [[William Barnard Clarke#Architect|1832–1834]], 1885–1892, 1950–1953, and 1989–90.<ref>Powrie 1990, pp. 151–52.</ref><ref>{{NHLE |num=1173222 |desc=Eleanor Cross |grade=I |access-date=11 June 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{NHLE |num=1017471 |desc=Eleanor Cross, Waltham Cross |access-date=11 June 2019 }}</ref>

The Society of Antiquaries published an engraving of the cross by [[George Vertue]] from a drawing by Stukeley in its ''[[Vetusta Monumenta]]'' series in 1721; and another, engraved by [[James Basire]] from a drawing by [[Jacob Schnebbelie]], in the same series in 1791.<ref>{{cite web |title=Plate 1.7: Engraving of Waltham Cross |work=Vetusta Monumenta: Ancient Monuments: A Digital Edition |volume=1 |year=1721 |url=https://scalar.missouri.edu/vm/vol1plate7-waltham-cross |access-date=4 July 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Vetusta Monumenta |volume=3 |page=16 |year=1791 |url=https://dl.mospace.umsystem.edu/mu/islandora/object/mu%3A3690#page/108/mode/2up }}</ref><ref name="A&B363"/>

The original statues of Eleanor, which were extremely weathered, were replaced by replicas at the 1950s restoration.<ref>[http://www.lowewood.com/tag/eleanor-cross#post-271] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111002090538/http://www.lowewood.com/tag/eleanor-cross#post-271|date=2 October 2011}}</ref> The originals were kept for some years at Cheshunt Public Library; but they were removed, possibly in the 1980s, and are now held by the [[Victoria & Albert Museum]].<ref name="A&B363"/> A photograph formerly on the Lowewood Museum website<ref>[http://www.lowewood.com/tag/eleanor-cross#attachment_273] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111002090538/http://www.lowewood.com/tag/eleanor-cross#attachment_273|date=2 October 2011}}</ref> shows one of the original statues in front of a staircase at the library.