Editing Economies of scale (section)

=== Rule of six-tenths ===
In 1947, [[DuPont]] engineer Roger Williams Jr. (1930–2005) published a rule of thumb that costs of chemical process are roughly proportional to the tonnage [[Power law|in power ~0.6]].<ref>{{Cite journal |first=Roger |last=Williams, Jr. |title="Six-Tenths Factor" Aids in Approximating Costs |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_chemical-engineering_1947-12_54_12/page/124/mode/2up |journal=Chemical Engineering |volume=54 |issue=12 |date=December 1947 |publisher=Access Intelligence LLC |others=Internet Archive |language=en |access-date=October 1, 2024}}</ref> In the following decades it became widely adopted other engineering industries<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Tribe |first1=M. A. |last2=Alpine |first2=R. L. W. |date=1986-12-01 |title=Scale economies and the "0.6 rule" |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0167188X86800258 |journal=Engineering Costs and Production Economics |volume=10 |issue=4 |pages=271–278 |doi=10.1016/S0167-188X(86)80025-8 |issn=0167-188X}}</ref> and terrestrial mining,<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Sharkh |first1=Basel Abu |last2=Al-Amoudi |first2=Ahmad A. |last3=Farooque |first3=Mohammed |last4=Fellows |first4=Christopher M. |last5=Ihm |first5=Seungwon |last6=Lee |first6=Sangho |last7=Li |first7=Sheng |last8=Voutchkov |first8=Nikolay |date=2022-03-25 |title=Seawater desalination concentrate—a new frontier for sustainable mining of valuable minerals |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41545-022-00153-6 |journal=npj Clean Water |language=en |volume=5 |issue=1 |page=9 |doi=10.1038/s41545-022-00153-6 |bibcode=2022npjCW...5....9S |issn=2059-7037|doi-access=free }}</ref> sometimes (e. g., in electrical power generation) with modified exponential scaling factors.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Phung |first=D. L. |date=1987-05-01 |title=Theory and evidence for using the economy-of-scale law in power plant economics |language=en |pages=ORNL/TM–10195, 6304295 |doi=10.2172/6304295|osti=6304295 |s2cid=150880938 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Dismukes |first1=David E. |last2=Upton |first2=Gregory B. |date=2015-11-01 |title=Economies of scale, learning effects and offshore wind development costs |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0960148115002827 |journal=Renewable Energy |volume=83 |pages=61–66 |doi=10.1016/j.renene.2015.04.002 |bibcode=2015REne...83...61D |issn=0960-1481}}</ref>