Editing Durham, England (section)

==Landmarks==
The whole of the centre of Durham is designated a [[conservation area]]. The conservation area was first designated on 9 August 1968, and was extended on 25 November 1980.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.durhamcity.gov.uk/Pid/511 |title=Conservation areas |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081224150457/http://www.durhamcity.gov.uk/Pid/511 |archive-date=24 December 2008 }}</ref> In addition to the Cathedral and Castle, Durham contains over 630 [[listed building]]s,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cartoplus.co.uk/durham/text/01_introduction.htm|title=City of Durham – Local Plan|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140410091902/http://www.cartoplus.co.uk/durham/text/01_introduction.htm|archive-date=10 April 2014}}</ref> 569 of which are located within the city centre conservation area. Particularly notable properties include:

===Grade I listed===
{{see also|Category:Grade I listed buildings in County Durham}}
{{columns-list|colwidth=15em|
*[[Chorister School]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Chorister School|url=https://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=1159555&resourceID=5|publisher=Heritage Gateway |access-date=26 September 2009 }}</ref>
*[[Crook Hall, Durham|Crook Hall]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Crook Hall |url=https://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=1159909&resourceID=5|publisher=Heritage Gateway |access-date=26 September 2009 }}</ref>
*[[Durham Castle]]
*[[Durham Cathedral]]
*[[Elvet Bridge]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Elvet Bridge |url=https://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=1121355&resourceID=5|publisher=Heritage Gateway |access-date=26 September 2009 }}</ref>
*[[Framwellgate Bridge]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Framwellgate Bridge |url=https://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=1322872&resourceID=5|publisher=Heritage Gateway |access-date=26 September 2009 }}</ref>
*[[Kepier Hospital]]
*[[Kingsgate Bridge]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kingsgate Bridge |url=https://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=1119766&resourceID=5|publisher=Heritage Gateway |access-date=26 September 2009 }}</ref>
*[[Prebends Bridge]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Prebends Bridge |url=https://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=1121354&resourceID=5|publisher=Heritage Gateway |access-date=26 September 2009 }}</ref>
}}

===Grade II* listed===
{{see also|Category:Grade II* listed buildings in County Durham}}
{{multiple images
| total_width       = 300px
| perrow            = 2
| image3            = Old Shire Hall, Durham.jpg
| image2            = Durham Viaduct (geograph 7137524).jpg
| image1            = Palace Green and Cosin's Hall, Durham (geograph 3632442).jpg
| footer            = Cosin's Hall, the railway viaduct and the Shire Hall
}}

{{columns-list|colwidth=23em|
*St. Anne's Court, Castle Chare
*Aykley Heads House (now Durham City Register Office and Finbarr's Restaurant)
*[[Bishop Cosin's Hall]], [[Palace Green]]
*[[Cosin's Library]] (now part of University Library, Palace Green)
*[[Durham Crown Court|Crown Court]], Old Elvet
*[[St Cuthbert's Society, Durham|St Cuthbert's Society]], 12 South Bailey
*[[St John's College, Durham|St John's College]], 3 South Bailey
*[[Durham Viaduct|Railway viaduct]], North Road
*[[Durham Town Hall|Town Hall and Guildhall, Market Place]]
*[[Shire Hall, Durham|Old Shire Hall, Old Elvet]]
}}

===Grade II listed===
{{see also|Category:Grade II listed buildings in County Durham}}
Durham has multiple grade II listed buildings, including:
*[[Durham University Observatory|University Observatory]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=1322869&resourceID=5|title=Durham Observatory|publisher=Heritage Gateway|access-date=3 October 2009}}</ref>
*The Chapel of the [[College of St Hild and St Bede]]
*[[The Victoria, Durham|The Victoria]], a [[public house]] at 86 Hallgarth Street<ref name=EnglishHeritage>{{National Heritage List for England |num= 1381263|desc= The Victoria, Durham|access-date= 19 August 2014}}</ref>
* [[Redhills, Durham|Redhills]], the headquarters building of the Durham Miners' Association.<ref>[https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1161184 Historic England]</ref>
*[[Durham police mast]], currently dismantled, at the [[Durham Constabulary]] headquarters.<ref>{{cite web |title=County Police Communication Tower, City of Durham - 1350340 |url=https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1350340?section=official-list-entry |website=Historic England |access-date=21 November 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=Britlist>{{cite web|url=http://www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/england/durham/durham|title=Listed Buildings in Durham, Durham, England – British Listed Buildings|author=Good Stuff IT Services|work=British Listed Buildings|access-date=13 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141213201728/http://www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/england/durham/durham|archive-date=13 December 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Durham Castle===
{{Main|Durham Castle}}[[File:Durham Castle Bergfried.jpg|left|thumb|Durham Castle, view of the keep]]
The castle was originally built in the 11th century as a projection of the Norman power in [[Northern England]], as the population of England in the north remained rebellious following the disruption of the [[Norman Conquest]] in 1066. It is an excellent example of the early motte and bailey castles favoured by the Normans.<ref>{{cite web
 | last = Durham Castle
 | title = Britain Express
 | access-date = 23 January 2009
| url = http://www.britainexpress.com/counties/durham/az/durham/castle.htm
 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081211102356/http://www.britainexpress.com/counties/durham/az/durham/castle.htm
 | archive-date = 11 December 2008
| url-status = live
 }}</ref> The holder of the office of Bishop of Durham was appointed by the King to exercise royal authority on his behalf and the castle was the centre of his command.

It remained the Bishop's Palace for the Bishops of Durham<ref>{{cite web
 | last = Durham Castle
 | title = Sacred-destinations
 | access-date = 23 January 2009
| url = http://www.sacred-destinations.com/england/durham-castle.htm
 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090220080500/http://www.sacred-destinations.com/england/durham-castle.htm
 | archive-date = 20 February 2009
| url-status = dead
 }}</ref> until the Bishop [[William Van Mildert]] made [[Bishop Auckland]] their primary residence. A founder of Durham University, Van Mildert gave the castle as accommodation for the institution's first college, [[University College, Durham|University College]].<ref>{{cite web
 | last = Durham Castle
 | title = History of Durham Castle
 | access-date = 23 January 2009
| url = http://www.dur.ac.uk/university.college/history/
 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060719032409/http://www.dur.ac.uk/university.college/history/
 | archive-date = 19 July 2006
| url-status = live
 }}</ref> The castle was famed for its vast Great Hall, created by Bishop [[Antony Bek (bishop of Durham)|Antony Bek]] in the early 14th century. It was the largest great hall in Britain until Bishop [[Richard Foxe]] shortened it at the end of the 15th century. However, it is still 46 feet high and over 33 yards long. The castle is still the home of University College, Durham (which is, as a result, known informally as "Castle"). It has been in continuous use for over 900 years.

===Religious buildings===
{{see also|Category:Churches in Durham, England}}
{{multiple images
|perrow=3|total_width=350px
|image3=Durham Cathedral and former fulling mill (geograph 7458951).jpg
|image2=St Nicholas Church Durham TSP 2.jpg
|image1=Church of St Oswald, Durham - geograph.org.uk - 3737888.jpg
|footer=[[St Oswald's Church, Durham|St Oswald's]], [[St Nicholas Church, Durham|St. Nicholas]] and [[Durham Cathedral]]}}
The Cathedral Church of Christ, Blessed Mary the Virgin and St Cuthbert of Durham, commonly referred to as [[Durham Cathedral]] was founded in its present form in AD 1093 and remains a centre for Christian worship today. It is generally regarded as one of the finest Romanesque cathedrals in Europe and the rib vaulting in the nave marks the beginning of Gothic ecclesiastical architecture. The cathedral has been designated a [[UNESCO]] World Heritage Site<ref name="whc.unesco.org">{{cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/370|title=Durham Castle and Cathedral – UNESCO World Heritage Centre|access-date=23 January 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090219003730/https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/370|archive-date=19 February 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> along with nearby Durham Castle, which faces it across Palace Green, high above the River Wear.

The cathedral houses the shrine and related treasures of Cuthbert of Lindisfarne, and these are on public view. It is also home to the head of St Oswald of Northumbria and the remains of the [[Venerable Bede]].<ref name="whc.unesco.org"/>

The city also has other listed churches, some have been repurposed:
* Grade I listed
**[[St Giles Church, Durham|St Giles]], [[Gilesgate]]<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Church of St Giles |url=https://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=1159991&resourceID=5|publisher=Heritage Gateway |access-date=26 September 2009 }}</ref>
**[[St Margaret's Church Durham|St Margaret of Antioch, Crossgate]]<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Church of St Margaret of Antioch |url=https://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=1159741&resourceID=5|publisher=Heritage Gateway |access-date=26 September 2009 }}</ref>
** St Mary-le-Bow (now [[Durham Heritage Centre and Museum|Durham Heritage Centre]]) <ref>{{Cite journal|title=St Mary Le Bow Heritage Centre |url=https://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=1121424&resourceID=5|publisher=Heritage Gateway |access-date=26 September 2009 }}</ref>
*[[St Oswald's Church, Durham|St Oswald's]], grade II* listed
* Grade II listed
**[[St Cuthbert's Church, Durham|St. Cuthbert's (Catholic)]]
**[[St Nicholas Church, Durham|St. Nicholas]]