Editing Dundee (section)

== Economy ==
{{see|Economy of Scotland}}
[[File:Cox's Stack - geograph.org.uk - 2895123.jpg|right|thumb|Cox's Stack, a chimney from the former [[Camperdown Works]] jute mill. The chimney takes its name from jute baron James Cox who later became [[List of Lord Provosts of Dundee|Provost]] of the city.]]

In 1911 40% of the city's population was employed in the jute industry. By 1951 this had dropped to 20%, and now is effectively zero.<ref>The Dundee Book, Billy Kay</ref> The period following World War II was notable for the transformation of the city's economy. While jute still employed one-fifth of the working population, new industries were attracted and encouraged. [[NCR Corporation]] selected Dundee as the base of operations for the UK in late 1945,<ref name="ncr">{{harvnb|NCR Cash Advance }}</ref> primarily because of the lack of damage the city had sustained in the war, good transport links and high productivity from long hours of sunshine. Production started in the year before the official opening of the plant on 11 June 1947. A fortnight after the tenth anniversary of the plant the 250,000th cash register was produced. By the 1960s, NCR had become the principal employer of the city producing [[cash register]]s, and later [[Automatic Teller Machine|ATMs]], at several of its Dundee plants. The firm developed magnetic-strip readers for cash registers and produced early computers.<ref>{{harvnb|First Dundee computer next year }}</ref> Astral, a Dundee-based firm that manufactured and sold [[refrigerators]] and [[Clothes dryer|spin dryers]] was merged into [[Morphy Richards]] and rapidly expanded to employ over 1,000 people. The development in Dundee of a [[Michelin]] [[tire|tyre]]-production facility helped to absorb the unemployment caused by the decline of the jute industry, particularly with the abolition of the jute control by the [[Board of Trade]] on 30 April 1969.<ref>{{harvnb|General Agreements on Tariffs and Trade 1969 }}</ref>

Employment in Dundee changed dramatically during the 1980s with the loss of nearly 10,000 manufacturing jobs due to closure of the shipyards, cessation of carpet manufacturing and the disappearance of the jute trade. To combat growing unemployment and declining economic conditions, Dundee was declared an [[Enterprise Zone]] in January 1984. In 1983, the first [[ZX Spectrum]] [[home computers]] were produced in Dundee by [[Timex Group USA|Timex]]. In the same year the company broke production records, despite a [[sit-in]] by workers protesting against job cuts and plans to demolish one of the factory buildings to make way for a supermarket. Timex closed its Dundee plant in 1993 following an acrimonious six-month [[industrial dispute]].<ref>{{harvnb|Timex pulls the plug on Dundee plant}}; {{harvnb|Scott|2002|pp=163–165 }}</ref> The Michelin Tyre factory closed in June 2020, with the loss of 850 jobs.<ref>{{cite news |title=Michelin's Dundee factory closes gates for final time |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-tayside-central-53234736 |work=BBC News |date=30 June 2020 |access-date=5 October 2020 |archive-date=2 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201002190324/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-tayside-central-53234736 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Dundee is a regional employment and education centre, with around 325,000 people within 30 minutes' drive of the city centre and 860,000 people within one hour.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/sites/default/files/publications/Dundee%20City%20Economic%20Profile%20September%202016_0.pdf |title=Dundee Economic Profile – Sep 2016 |publisher=Government of the United Kingdom |access-date=31 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161101101814/https://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/sites/default/files/publications/Dundee%20City%20Economic%20Profile%20September%202016_0.pdf |archive-date=1 November 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Many people from [[Fife|North East Fife]], Angus and [[Perth and Kinross]] commute to the city.<ref name="Dundee Economic Profile">{{harvnb|Dundee Economic Profile }}</ref> As of 2015, there were 395 employers who employed 250 or more staff; over a five-year period (2011–2015) the number of registered enterprises in Dundee increased by 20.9% from 2,655 to 3,210.<ref name="Dundee Economic Profile" /> The largest employers in the city are [[NHS Tayside]], Dundee City Council, [[University of Dundee]], Tayside Contracts, [[Tesco]], [[D. C. Thomson & Co. Ltd|D. C. Thomson & Co]] and [[BT Group plc|BT]].<ref name="Dundee Economic Profile" /> Several government agencies and public sector organisations are based in Dundee, such as the [[Care Inspectorate (Scotland)]], the [[Scottish Social Services Council]] and [[Social Security Scotland]].

[[File:Ninewells cropped.jpg|thumb|left|Ninewells Hospital, one of the largest employers in the Dundee area]]

Other employers include limited and private companies such as [[NCR Corporation|NCR]], [[Michelin]], [[Alliance Trust]], [[Aviva]], [[Royal Bank of Scotland]], [[Asda]], [[Stagecoach Strathtay]], [[Tokheim]], [[Scottish Citylink]], Rochen Limited, C J Lang & Son ([[Spar (retailer)|SPAR Scotland]]), Joinery and Timber Creations, [[Xplore Dundee]], and [[W. L. Gore and Associates]]. Between 2009 and 2014 the hardest-hit sectors, in terms of jobs, were Information and Communication, Construction and Manufacturing which each lost around 500 full-time jobs. By contrast, the Professional, Scientific and Technical sector saw an upsurge in jobs in addition to the Business Administration and Support Service sector which increased by approximately 1,000 full-time and 300 part-time jobs in the same six-year period.<ref name="Dundee Economic Profile" /> Gross median weekly earnings of full-time employees in Dundee in 2015 was £523.50; men received £563.40 and women £451.80.<ref name="Dundee Economic Profile" /> Gross weekly pay for all employees in Dundee has increased from £325.00 in 2000 to £380.00 in 2015.<ref name="Dundee Economic Profile" />

The [[biomedical]] and [[biotechnology]] sectors, including start-up biomedical companies arising from university research, employ just under 1,000 people directly and nearly 2,000 indirectly. Information technology and [[video game development]] have been important industries in the city for more than 20 years.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-29122873 |title=How Dundee became a computer games centre |work=BBC News |date=9 September 2014 |access-date=21 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180928225927/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-29122873 |archive-date=28 September 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[File:Abend im Dundee Harbour (26840853589).jpg|thumb|right|Evening in Dundee docks with the Apex Hotel in the background]][[Rockstar North]], developer of ''[[Lemmings (video game)|Lemmings]]'' and the ''[[Grand Theft Auto]]'' series was founded in Dundee as DMA Design by [[David Jones (video game developer)|David Jones]]; an undergraduate of the [[Abertay University]].<ref>{{harvnb|The Complete History of DMA Design }}</ref> Rockstar Games returned to Dundee in 2020 when they acquired Ruffian Games to form [[Rockstar Dundee]]. Other game development studios in Dundee include [[Denki]], [[Dynamo Games]], [[4J Studios]] and Outplay Entertainment, among others.

Dundee is also a key retail destination for North East Scotland and has been ranked fourth in Retail Rankings in Scotland.<ref name="Discover Dundee Retail">{{harvnb|Discover Dundee Retail }}</ref> The city centre offers a wide variety of retailers, department stores and independent/specialist stores. The Murraygate and High Street forms the main pedestrian area and is home to a number of main anchors such as [[M&S|Marks and Spencer]], [[Monsoon Accessorize|Accessorise]].<ref name="Discover Dundee Retail" /> The main pedestrian area also connects the two large shopping centres; the {{convert|420000|sqft|m2|abbr=off|adj=mid}} Overgate Centre which is anchored by [[Primark]], [[H&M]], [[Next (clothing)|Next]], Argos, and [[The Perfume Shop]] and the {{convert|310000|sqft|m2|abbr=off|adj=mid}} Wellgate Centre by [[Home Bargains]], [[T. J. Hughes]], B&M, Superdrug, Iceland, Holland & Barrett, Poundland, Savers, The Works, Hydro Electric,<ref name="Discover Dundee Retail" /> Other retail areas in the city include Gallagher Retail Park, Kingsway East Retail Park and Kingsway West Retail Park.<ref name="Discover Dundee Retail" /> The new Myrekirk Retail Park opened in 2022.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.scottishconstructionnow.com/articles/dundee-retail-park-launches-after-ps6m-expansion |title=Dundee retail park launches after £6m expansion |date=22 September 2022 |access-date=2 June 2023 |archive-date=2 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230602161359/https://www.scottishconstructionnow.com/articles/dundee-retail-park-launches-after-ps6m-expansion |url-status=live }}</ref>