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==References== {{Reflist|refs= <!-- Notes --> <ref name="HodgesMusic">{{cite web |last=Niver |first=John |title=Doom Music |url=http://www.vgmonline.net/doommusic/ |website=Video Game Music Online |date=August 1, 2012 |access-date=August 20, 2023 |archive-date=August 3, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803170753/http://www.vgmonline.net/doommusic/ |url-status=live }}</ref> <!-- Gameplay --> <ref name="IGNSEA">{{cite web |last1=Swaim |first1=Michael |last2=Macy |first2=Seth G. |date=January 17, 2020 |title=Doom Eternal: The Story So Far |url=https://sea.ign.com/switch/156976/feature/doom-eternal-the-story-so-far |access-date=November 12, 2022 |website=[[IGN]] |publisher=[[Ziff Davis]] |archive-date=November 12, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221112225926/https://sea.ign.com/switch/156976/feature/doom-eternal-the-story-so-far |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="TheGamerGameplay">{{cite web |last=Walters |first=Michael |date=July 28, 2019 |title=Doom (1993) Nintendo Switch Review: A Classic That Refuses To Feel Dated |url=https://www.thegamer.com/doom-1993-nintendo-switch-review/ |access-date=November 12, 2022 |website=The Gamer |publisher=Valnet |archive-date=November 12, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221112225927/https://www.thegamer.com/doom-1993-nintendo-switch-review/ |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="GSAI">{{cite web |last=Thompson |first=Tommy |date=May 2, 2022 |title=The AI of Doom (1993) |url=https://www.gamedeveloper.com/blogs/the-ai-of-doom-1993 |access-date=November 12, 2022 |website=[[Game Developer (website)|Game Developer]] |publisher=[[Informa]] |archive-date=November 12, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221112225926/https://www.gamedeveloper.com/blogs/the-ai-of-doom-1993 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="MOD182184">[[#CITEREFMODKushner|Kushner]], pp. 182–184</ref> <ref name="DoomVirtualWorlds">{{cite magazine |last=Keizer |first=Gregg |date=April 1994 |title=Virtual Worlds - Doom |url=https://archive.org/details/ElectronicEntertainment04Apr1994/page/n97 |magazine=Electronic Entertainment |publisher=[[International Data Group|IDG]] |issue=4 |page=94 |issn=1074-1356}}</ref> <ref name="DoomCheat">{{cite web |title=The 10 Greatest Cheat Codes in Gaming HistoryDoom: God Mode |url=http://www.complex.com/pop-culture/2011/11/the-10-greatest-cheat-codes-in-gaming-history/doom-god-mode |access-date=July 12, 2017 |website=[[Complex Networks]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170717235009/http://www.complex.com/pop-culture/2011/11/the-10-greatest-cheat-codes-in-gaming-history/doom-god-mode |archive-date=July 17, 2017}}</ref> <ref name="DoomExtreme">{{cite news |last=Anthony |first=Sebastian |date=December 10, 2013 |title=Doom, the original and best first-person shooter, is 20 years old today |work=[[ExtremeTech]] |publisher=[[Ziff Davis]] |url=https://www.extremetech.com/gaming/172489-doom-the-original-and-best-first-person-shooter-is-20-years-old-today |url-status=live |access-date=July 12, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171022032734/https://www.extremetech.com/gaming/172489-doom-the-original-and-best-first-person-shooter-is-20-years-old-today |archive-date=October 22, 2017}}</ref> <ref name="NotTrue3D">{{cite magazine |date=October 1995 |title=The First Pictures: Quake: The Fight for Justice |magazine=Maximum |publisher=[[Ascential|EMAP]] |issue=1 |pages=134–135 |quote=Doom was criticised for not being a true 3D product – in fact, it's best described as 2.5D (if you will) because although each level could be staged at various heights, it was impossible to stack two corridors on top of one another in any given stage. |issn=1360-3167 |url=https://archive.org/details/maximum-the-video-game-magazine-issue-1-october-1995-uk/page/134/mode/2up}}</ref> <!-- Plot --> <ref name="SDF6566">[[#CITEREFScaryPinchbeck|Pinchbeck]], pp. 65–66</ref> <ref name="Manual">{{cite book |title=Doom Manual |publisher=[[id Software]] |date=1993 |url=http://www.classicdoom.com/doomtext.htm#doom |access-date=December 4, 2020 |archive-date=April 14, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220414023917/http://www.classicdoom.com/doomtext.htm#doom |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="TFCordering">{{cite web |url=https://www.polygon.com/pc/2019/6/1/18648724/doom-john-romero-sequel-mod-download-pc-sigil |title=Original Doom gets unofficial sequel from creator, for free |website=[[Polygon (website)|Polygon]] |last=Good |first=Owen S. |date=June 1, 2019 |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |access-date=August 31, 2023 |archive-date=December 16, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221216102527/https://www.polygon.com/pc/2019/6/1/18648724/doom-john-romero-sequel-mod-download-pc-sigil |url-status=live }}</ref> <!-- Development --> <ref name="CGWHallofFame">{{cite web |title=Computer Gaming World's Hall of Fame |url=http://www.1up.com/do/feature?pager.offset=8&cId=3139081#77 |access-date=July 27, 2016 |website=[[1Up.com]] |publisher=[[Ziff Davis]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20160727152017/http://www.1up.com/do/feature?pager.offset=8&cId=3139081#77 |archive-date=July 27, 2016}}</ref> <ref name="VGB">[[#CITEREFBibleSlaven|Slaven]], p. 53</ref> <ref name="AGGreview">{{cite web |last=Williamson |first=Colin |title=Wolfenstein 3D DOS Review |url=http://www.allgame.com/game.php?id=11717&tab=review |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141115011724/http://www.allgame.com/game.php?id=11717&tab=review |archive-date=November 15, 2014 |access-date=July 27, 2016 |website=[[AllGame]] |publisher=[[All Media Network]]}}</ref> <ref name="IGN100">{{cite web |title=IGN's Top 100 Games (2003) |url=http://top100.ign.com/2003/91-100.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160419044602/http://top100.ign.com/2003/91-100.html |archive-date=April 19, 2016 |access-date=July 27, 2016 |website=[[IGN]] |publisher=[[Ziff Davis]]}}</ref> <ref name="WIREDretro">{{cite magazine |last=Shachtman |first=Noah |date=May 5, 2008 |title=May 5, 1992: Wolfenstein 3-D Shoots the First-Person Shooter Into Stardom |url=https://www.wired.com/science/discoveries/news/2008/05/dayintech_0505 |url-status=dead |magazine=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]] |publisher=[[Condé Nast]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111025220612/http://www.wired.com/science/discoveries/news/2008/05/dayintech_0505 |archive-date=October 25, 2011 |access-date=July 27, 2016}}</ref> <ref name="Doomguy126145">[[#CITEREFDoomguyRomero|Romero]], pp. 126–145</ref> <ref name="MOD118121">[[#CITEREFMODKushner|Kushner]], pp. 118–121</ref> <ref name="GDC2011">{{cite AV media |url=http://www.gdcvault.com/play/1014627/Classic-Game-Postmortem |title=Classic Game Postmortem – Doom |date=2011 |type=Video |publisher=[[Game Developers Conference]] |access-date=February 6, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170806110612/http://www.gdcvault.com/play/1014627/Classic-Game-Postmortem |archive-date=August 6, 2017 |url-status=live |people=[[John Romero|Romero, John]]; [[Tom Hall|Hall, Tom]]}}</ref> <ref name="DoomHorizon">{{cite magazine |date=May 1993 |title=On the Horizon |url=https://archive.org/stream/Game_Players_PC_Entertainment_Volume_6_Issue_3_May_1993#page/n11 |magazine=[[Game Players PC Entertainment]] |publisher=GP Publications |volume=6 |issue=3 |page=8 |issn=1087-2779}}</ref> <ref name="MonsterId">{{cite web |last=Antoniades |first=Alexander |date=August 22, 2013 |title=Monsters from the Id: The Making of Doom |url=https://www.gamasutra.com/view/feature/198783/monsters_from_the_id_the_making_.php?page=3 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180925025431/https://www.gamasutra.com/view/feature/198783/monsters_from_the_id_the_making_.php?page=3 |archive-date=September 25, 2018 |access-date=March 3, 2018 |website=[[Gamasutra]] |publisher=[[UBM plc|UBM]]}}</ref> <ref name="MOD122123">[[#CITEREFMODKushner|Kushner]], pp. 122–123</ref> <ref name="MOD124131">[[#CITEREFMODKushner|Kushner]], pp. 124–131</ref> <ref name="DSSS249250">[[#CITEREFStrategyMendoza|Mendoza]], pp. 249–250</ref> <ref name="MattChat">{{cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wgb8UxBb7og |title=Matt Chat 53: Doom with John Romero |time=4:15–8:00 |date=March 13, 2010 |type=Video |publisher=Matt Barton |access-date=February 2, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161124213821/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wgb8UxBb7og |archive-date=November 24, 2016 |url-status=live |people=[[John Romero|Romero, John]]; Barton, Matt}}</ref> <ref name="Guardian30">{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/games/2023/dec/08/doom-at-30-what-it-means-by-the-people-who-made-it |title=Doom at 30: what it means, by the people who made it |last=Stuart |first=Keith |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=December 8, 2023 |access-date=December 18, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231217131908/https://www.theguardian.com/games/2023/dec/08/doom-at-30-what-it-means-by-the-people-who-made-it |archive-date=December 17, 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="DoomguyCh12">[[#CITEREFDoomguyRomero|Romero]], ch. 12: Destined to DOOM</ref> <ref name="Petersen">{{cite web |last=Bub |first=Andrew S. |date=July 10, 2002 |title=Sandy Petersen Speaks |url=http://archive.gamespy.com/articles/august02/gencon/petersen/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050322042740/http://archive.gamespy.com/articles/august02/gencon/petersen/ |archive-date=March 22, 2005 |access-date=January 31, 2018 |website=[[GameSpy]] |publisher=[[Ziff Davis]]}}</ref> <ref name="MCV">{{cite web |last=Batchelor |first=James |date=January 26, 2015 |title=Video: John Romero reveals level design secrets while playing Doom |url=https://www.mcvuk.com/development/video-john-romero-reveals-level-design-secrets-while-playing-doom |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180202211209/https://www.mcvuk.com/development/video-john-romero-reveals-level-design-secrets-while-playing-doom |archive-date=February 2, 2018 |access-date=February 2, 2018 |website=[[MCV (magazine)|MCV]] |publisher=[[NewBay Media]]}}</ref> <ref name="MOD132147">[[#CITEREFMODKushner|Kushner]], pp. 132–147</ref> <ref name="RomeroGDC">{{cite AV media |url=https://www.gdcvault.com/play/1023765/The-Early-Days-of-id |title=The Early Days of id Software |date=2016 |type=Video |publisher=[[Game Developers Conference]] |access-date=February 5, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170707180922/http://www.gdcvault.com/play/1023765/The-Early-Days-of-id |archive-date=July 7, 2017 |url-status=live |people=[[John Romero|Romero, John]]}}</ref> <ref name="MOD148153">[[#CITEREFMODKushner|Kushner]], pp. 148–153</ref> <ref name="IGNvideo">{{cite web |date=December 10, 2013 |title=We Play Doom with John Romero |url=https://www.ign.com/videos/2013/12/10/we-play-doom-with-john-romero |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180111052825/http://www.ign.com/videos/2013/12/10/we-play-doom-with-john-romero |archive-date=January 11, 2018 |access-date=February 2, 2018 |website=[[IGN]] |publisher=[[Ziff Davis]]}}</ref> <ref name="CGWLight">{{cite magazine |last=Schuytema |first=Paul C. |date=August 1994 |title=The Lighter Side of Doom |magazine=[[Computer Gaming World]] |issue=121 |pages=140–142 |issn=0744-6667 <!--|url=http://www.cgwmuseum.org/galleries/index.php?year=1994&pub=2&id=121-->}}</ref> <ref name="MOD166">[[#CITEREFMODKushner|Kushner]], p. 166</ref> <ref name="DSSS247">[[#CITEREFStrategyMendoza|Mendoza]], p. 247</ref> <ref name="PetersenTalk">{{cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QwV3uwM19EY |title=Tales from the Dark Days of Id Software |date=April 20, 2020 |last=Petersen |first=Sandy |author-link=Sandy Petersen |type=Video |time=0:45–1:30 |access-date=March 15, 2022 |via=[[YouTube]] |archive-date=March 15, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220315025830/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QwV3uwM19EY |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="Deathmatch">[[#CITEREFContextsConsalvo|Consalvo]], pp. 201–203</ref> <ref name="Metal">{{cite web |last=Romero |first=John |author-link=John Romero |date=April 19, 2005 |title=Influences on Doom Music |url=http://rome.ro/smf/index.php?PHPSESSID=984131ae5ed449a17e102eaa99b04487&topic=4060.0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130901172238/http://rome.ro/smf/index.php?PHPSESSID=984131ae5ed449a17e102eaa99b04487&topic=4060.0 |archive-date=September 1, 2013 |access-date=February 6, 2018 |publisher=rome.ro}}</ref> <ref name="SDF5255">[[#CITEREFScaryPinchbeck|Pinchbeck]], pp. 52–55</ref> <ref name="PrinceDoom">{{cite web |last=Prince |first=Bobby |author-link=Robert Prince (video game composer) |date=December 29, 2010 |title=Deciding Where To Place Music/Sound Effects In A Game |url=http://bobbyprincemusic.blogspot.com/2010/12/deciding-where-to-place-musicsound.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110812183456/http://bobbyprincemusic.blogspot.com/2010/12/deciding-where-to-place-musicsound.html |archive-date=August 12, 2011 |access-date=February 6, 2018 |publisher=Bobby Prince Music}}</ref> <ref name="ComposersPlay4">{{cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_PRGzvSbZcI |title=Composers Play – "Doom" Coop with Bobby Prince! – Part 4 |date=October 12, 2018 |last1=Tobin |first1=Scott |last2=Prince |first2=Bobby |author-link2=Bobby Prince |type=Video |time=5:00–5:30 |access-date=June 22, 2023 |via=[[YouTube]] |archive-date=May 12, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230512172502/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_PRGzvSbZcI |url-status=live }}</ref> <!-- Release --> <ref name="NYTcost">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/08/05/technology/in-the-background-a-man-in-the-gaming-forefront.html |title=In the Background, a Man in the Gaming Forefront |last=Marriot |first=Michel |date=August 5, 2004 |work=[[The New York Times]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180417013007/https://www.nytimes.com/2004/08/05/technology/in-the-background-a-man-in-the-gaming-forefront.html |archive-date=April 17, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="QuickPatch">{{cite web |last=Totilo |first=Steven |date=December 10, 2013 |title=Memories Of Doom, By John Romero & John Carmack |url=https://kotaku.com/memories-of-doom-by-john-romero-john-carmack-1480437464 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181015002852/https://kotaku.com/memories-of-doom-by-john-romero-john-carmack-1480437464 |archive-date=October 15, 2018 |access-date=October 14, 2018 |website=[[Kotaku]] |publisher=[[G/O Media]]}}</ref> <ref name="UltDoom">{{cite web |title=The Ultimate Doom: Thy Flesh Consumed |url=http://www.jeuxvideo.com/jeux/pc/00001017-the-ultimate-doom-thy-flesh-consumed.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171104114112/http://www.jeuxvideo.com/jeux/pc/00001017-the-ultimate-doom-thy-flesh-consumed.htm |archive-date=November 4, 2017 |access-date=January 22, 2018 |website=[[Jeuxvideo.com]] |language=fr}}</ref> <!-- Ports--> <ref name="Doomlinux">{{cite newsgroup |url=http://tech-insider.org/linux/research/1994/0909-f.html |title=Linux Doom for X released |last=Taylor |first=Dave |date=September 9, 1994 |newsgroup=comp.os.linux.announce |message-id=ann-13210.779119772@cs.cornell.edu |author-link=Dave Taylor (game programmer) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170328100641/http://tech-insider.org/linux/research/1994/0909-f.html |archive-date=March 28, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="cgw199407">{{cite magazine |last1=Wilson |first1=Johnny L. |last2=Brown |first2=Ken |last3=Lombardi |first3=Chris |last4=Weksler |first4=Mike |last5=Coleman |first5=Terry |date=July 1994 |title=The Designer's Dilemma: The Eighth Computer Game Developers Conference |magazine=[[Computer Gaming World]] |pages=26–31 |issn=0744-6667 <!--|url=http://www.cgwmuseum.org/galleries/index.php?year=1994&pub=2&id=120 -->}}</ref> <ref name="MOD217219">[[#CITEREFMODKushner|Kushner]], pp. 217–219</ref> <ref name="windows-95">{{cite news |last=Sebastian |first=Anthony |date=September 24, 2013 |title=Gabe Newell Made Windows a Viable Gaming Platform, and Linux Is Next |website=[[ExtremeTech]] |publisher=[[Ziff Davis]] |url=http://www.extremetech.com/gaming/167253-gabe-newell-made-windows-a-viable-gaming-platform-and-linux-is-next |url-status=live |access-date=August 11, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304035701/http://www.extremetech.com/gaming/167253-gabe-newell-made-windows-a-viable-gaming-platform-and-linux-is-next?origref= |archive-date=March 4, 2016}}</ref> <ref name="BillGates">{{cite web |title=That Time Bill Gates Starred In A Doom Promo Video |url=https://kotaku.com/that-time-bill-gates-starred-in-a-doom-promo-video-1776965033 |last=Klepek |first=Patrick |date=May 16, 2016 |website=[[Kotaku]] |publisher=[[G/O Media]] |access-date=June 22, 2023 |archive-date=February 2, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202023246/https://kotaku.com/that-time-bill-gates-starred-in-a-doom-promo-video-1776965033 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="IGNDoomVersions">{{cite web |title=Doom (1993) – PC |url=https://www.ign.com/games/doom/pc-3285 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170430180656/http://www.ign.com/games/doom/pc-3285 |archive-date=April 30, 2017 |access-date=December 19, 2017 |website=[[IGN]] |publisher=[[Ziff Davis]]}}</ref> <ref name="DoomJaguar">[[#CITEREFJaguarHawken|Hawken]], ch. Doom</ref> <ref name="DOOM3BFG">{{cite web |last=Cobbett |first=Richard |date=August 3, 2012 |title=Doom 3 shines flashlight on The Lost Mission (And doesn't even need to put down its gun!) |url=http://www.pcgamer.com/doom-3-shines-flashlight-on-the-lost-mission-and-doesnt-even-need-to-put-down-its-gun/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150225032753/http://www.pcgamer.com/doom-3-shines-flashlight-on-the-lost-mission-and-doesnt-even-need-to-put-down-its-gun/ |archive-date=February 25, 2015 |access-date=January 22, 2018 |website=[[PC Gamer]] |publisher=[[Future plc|Future]]}}</ref> <ref name="2019Ports">{{cite web |last=Gach |first=Ethan |date=July 26, 2019 |title=Looks Like The Original Doom Games Are Coming To Switch As Soon As Today [Update] |url=https://kotaku.com/earlier-this-morning-listings-for-the-original-doom-do-1836729154 |website=[[Kotaku]] |publisher=[[G/O Media]] |access-date=June 22, 2023 |archive-date=May 4, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230504162108/https://kotaku.com/earlier-this-morning-listings-for-the-original-doom-do-1836729154 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="PSMags">{{cite magazine |title=Gallup UK PlayStation sales chart |date=April 1996 |magazine=[[Official UK PlayStation Magazine]] |issue=5 |publisher=[[Future plc|Future]] |issn=1752-2102}}</ref> <ref name="32XRetro">{{cite magazine |last=McFerran |first=Damien |title=Retroinspection: Sega 32X |magazine=[[Retro Gamer]] |publisher=[[Imagine Publishing]] |issue=77 |date=May 2010 |pages=44–49 |issn=1742-3155}}</ref> <ref name="ItRunsDoom1">{{cite magazine |date=January 1, 2003 |title=But Can It Run Doom? |url=https://www.wired.com/2003/01/but-can-it-run-doom/ |url-status=live |magazine=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]] |publisher=[[Condé Nast]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170429090150/http://www.wired.com/2003/01/but-can-it-run-doom/ |archive-date=April 29, 2017 |access-date=January 22, 2018}}</ref> <ref name="ItRunsDoom2">{{cite web |last=Hurley |first=Leon |date=May 15, 2017 |title=Watch Doom running on an ATM, a printer... and 10 other weird, non-gaming machines |url=https://www.gamesradar.com/12-things-that-prove-that-doom-will-run-on-literally-anything/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170718222638/http://www.gamesradar.com/12-things-that-prove-that-doom-will-run-on-literally-anything/ |archive-date=July 18, 2017 |access-date=January 22, 2018 |website=[[GamesRadar+]] |publisher=[[Future plc|Future]]}}</ref> <ref name="ItRunsDoom3">{{cite web |last=Petitte |first=Omri |date=February 2, 2016 |title=Pianos, printers, and other surprising things you can play Doom on |url=http://www.pcgamer.com/pianos-printers-and-other-weird-things-you-can-play-doom-on/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171006064443/http://www.pcgamer.com/pianos-printers-and-other-weird-things-you-can-play-doom-on/ |archive-date=October 6, 2017 |access-date=January 22, 2018 |website=[[PC Gamer]] |publisher=[[Future plc|Future]]}}</ref> <ref name="DoomSource97">{{cite web |title=Doom Open Source Release |url=https://github.com/id-Software/DOOM |website=[[GitHub]] |publisher=[[Microsoft]] |access-date=June 19, 2023 |archive-date=June 15, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230615013923/https://github.com/id-Software/DOOM |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="DoomSource99">{{cite web |title=A List of PC Game Classics Available Free of Charge |url=https://www.techspot.com/guides/258-free-pc-game-classics-list/ |last=DeCarlo |first=Matthew |date=March 11, 2010 |website=TechSpot |access-date=June 20, 2023 |archive-date=May 26, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526051129/https://www.techspot.com/guides/258-free-pc-game-classics-list/ |url-status=live}}</ref> <!-- Reception --> <ref name="MOD176178">[[#CITEREFMODKushner|Kushner]], pp. 176–178</ref> <ref name="MOD113117">[[#CITEREFMODKushner|Kushner]], pp. 113–117</ref> <ref name="May1994Sales">{{cite news |date=May 7, 1994 |title=Lovers of guts and gore should meet this Doom |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-courier-journal/132946696/ |access-date=October 5, 2023 |page=20 |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |newspaper=[[The Courier-Journal]]}}</ref> <ref name="1995Sales">{{cite news |date=October 29, 1995 |title=Games |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/91962014/fort-worth-star-telegram/ |access-date=January 7, 2022 |page=93 |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |newspaper=[[Fort Worth Star-Telegram]] |archive-date=May 22, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522214622/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/91962014/fort-worth-star-telegram/ |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="gamesthatchanged">{{cite web |last=McCandless |first=David |date=June 12, 2002 |title=Games That Changed The World: ''Doom'' |url=http://www.computerandvideogames.com/article.php?id=58157 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070709175704/http://www.computerandvideogames.com/article.php?id=58157 |archive-date=July 9, 2007 |access-date=July 24, 2018 |website=[[PC Zone]] |publisher=[[Future plc|Future]]}}</ref> <ref name="wargames">[[#CITEREFWargamesDunnigan|Dunnigan]], pp. 14–17</ref> <ref name="1993-1998">{{cite magazine |date=September 1998 |title=Player Stats: Top 10 Best-Selling Games, 1993 – Present |magazine=[[Computer Gaming World]] |issue=170 |page=52 |issn=0744-6667 <!--|url=http://www.cgwmuseum.org/galleries/index.php?year=1998&pub=2&id=170-->}}</ref> <ref name="alltimesales">{{cite web |date=November 1, 1999 |title=PC Data Top Games of All Time |url=http://pc.ign.com/news/11728.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000302112243/http://pc.ign.com/news/11728.html |archive-date=March 2, 2000 |access-date=May 31, 2018 |website=[[IGN]] |publisher=[[Ziff Davis]]}}</ref> <ref name="3.5million">{{cite news |last=Clark |first=Stuart |date=February 20, 1999 |title=Denting the ego of Id |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/85713241/ |access-date=September 7, 2021 |page=209 |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |newspaper=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |archive-date=August 21, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230821011618/https://www.newspapers.com/article/85713241/ |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="pcgameruktop50">{{cite magazine |date=April 1994 |title=The PC Gamer Top 50 PC Games of All Time |magazine=[[PC Gamer|PC Gamer UK]] |volume=1 |issue=5 |pages=43–56 |publisher=[[Future plc|Future]] |issn=1351-3540}}</ref> <ref name="pcgamerustop40">{{cite magazine |title=Top 40: The Best Games of All Time |magazine=[[PC Gamer US]] |date=August 1994 |volume=1 |issue=3 |page=42 |publisher=[[Future plc|Future]] |issn=1080-4471}}</ref> <ref name="pcgamerukgoty">{{cite magazine |title=The PC Gamer Games of the Year |magazine=[[PC Gamer UK]] |volume=2 |issue=1 |date=December 1994 |publisher=[[Future plc|Future]] |issn=1351-3540}}</ref> <ref name="cgw199406">{{cite magazine |date=June 1994 |title=Announcing The New Premier Awards |magazine=[[Computer Gaming World]] |issue=118 |pages=51–58 |issn=0744-6667 <!--|url=http://www.cgwmuseum.org/galleries/index.php?year=1994&pub=2&id=118-->}}</ref> <ref name="RomeroAwardList">{{cite web |url=https://romero.com/bios |title=Brenda Romero and John Romero Bios |website=Romero.com |access-date=August 21, 2023 |archive-date=March 15, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315060802/https://romero.com/bios |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="EEreview">{{cite magazine |title=Doom |last=Keizer |first=Gregg |magazine=Electronic Entertainment |date=April 1994 |issue=4 |page=94 |url=https://archive.org/details/ElectronicEntertainment04Apr1994/page/n97/mode/2up?view=theater |publisher=[[International Data Group]] |issn=1074-1356}}</ref> <ref name="PCZreview">{{cite magazine |title=Review: Doom |last=McCandless |first=David |magazine=[[PC Zone]] |issue=13 |date=April 1994 |pages=68–72 |publisher=[[Future plc|Future]] |issn=0967-8220 <!--|url=https://www.pixsoriginadventures.co.uk/PCZone/PC%20Zone%2013%20(April%201994)/PC%20Zone%2013%20(April%201994).pdf#page=68-->}}</ref> <ref name="reviewexcerpts">{{cite web |title=Six Reviewers Travel From The Past To Shoot Their Way Through Doom |last=Cox |first=Kate |date=October 17, 2012 |url=https://kotaku.com/six-reviewers-travel-from-the-past-to-shoot-their-way-t-5952553 |website=[[Kotaku]] |publisher=[[G/O Media]] |access-date=June 14, 2023 |archive-date=June 13, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230613224436/https://kotaku.com/six-reviewers-travel-from-the-past-to-shoot-their-way-t-5952553 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="CGWreview">{{cite magazine |title=Hell's Bells and Whistles: id Software's Doom |last=Walker |first=Bryan |magazine=[[Computer Gaming World]] |date=March 1994 |issue=116 |pages=38–39 |issn=0744-6667 <!--|url=https://www.cgwmuseum.org/galleries/index.php?year=1994&pub=2&id=116-->}}</ref> <ref name="DRAGONreview">{{cite magazine |last=Kaufman |first=Doug |date=March 1994 |title=Eye of the Monitor: Doom |magazine=[[Dragon (magazine)|Dragon]] |publisher=[[TSR, Inc.|TSR]] |issue=203 |pages=59–62 |issn=1062-2101 <!--|url=http://annarchive.com/files/Drmg203.pdf#page=61-->}}</ref> <ref name="WWreview">{{cite magazine |last=Trunzo |first=James V. |date=November 1994 |title=The Silicon Dungeon |magazine=[[White Wolf (magazine)|White Wolf]] |publisher=[[White Wolf Publishing]] |number=49 |page=52-53 |issn=0897-9391}}</ref> <ref name="CVGreview">{{cite magazine |date=March 1994 |title=Reviews: Doom |magazine=[[Computer and Video Games]] |last1=Rand |first1=Paul |last2=Lord |first2=Gary |issue=148 |pages=72–73 |publisher=[[Future plc|Future]] |issn=0261-3697 <!--|url=https://retrocdn.net/index.php?title=File%3ACVG_UK_148.pdf&page=72-->}}</ref> <ref name="EDGEreview">{{cite magazine |date=April 1994 |title=Doom Review |url=http://www.edge-online.com/review/doom-review/ |url-status=dead |magazine=[[Edge (magazine)|Edge]] |issue=7 |publisher=[[Future plc|Future]] |issn=1350-1593 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023154751/http://www.edge-online.com/review/doom-review/ |archive-date=October 23, 2012}}</ref> <ref name="EGtalk">{{cite web |date=March 17, 2012 |title=Game of the Week: Journey |last=Welsh |first=Oli |url=https://www.eurogamer.net/game-of-the-week-journey |access-date=October 3, 2023 |website=[[Eurogamer]] |publisher=Gamer Network |archive-date=May 29, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230529154255/https://www.eurogamer.net/game-of-the-week-journey |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="C!review">{{cite magazine |title=Sim Hillary |last=Atkin |first=Denny |magazine=[[Compute!]] |date=April 1994 |volume=16 |issue=4 |page=82 |publisher=[[ABC Publishing]] |url=https://archive.org/details/1994-04-compute-magazine/page/n89/mode/2up?view=theater |issn=0194-357X}}</ref> <ref name="EGreview">{{cite magazine |title=Doom: Save Phobos From the Demons of Hell |last=Ceccola |first=Russ |magazine=[[Electronic Games]] |date=April 1994 |volume=2 |issue=7 |page=74 |publisher=Katz Kunkel Worley |url=https://archive.org/details/Electronic-Games-1994-04/page/n73/mode/2up |issn=0730-6687}}</ref> <!-- Other versions --> <ref name="PCZTUDreview">{{cite magazine |title=Ultimate Doom: Thy Flesh Consumed |last=McCandless |first=David |magazine=[[PC Zone]] |issue=29 |date=August 1995 |pages=62–64 |publisher=[[Future plc|Future]] |issn=0967-8220 |url=https://archive.org/details/PC_Zone_Issue_029_1995-08_Dennis_Publishing_GB/page/n61/mode/2up}}</ref> <ref name="JSTUDreview">{{cite magazine |title=The Ultimate Doom |page=89 |issue=68 |magazine=[[Joystick (magazine)|Joystick]] |publisher=[[Hachette Filipacchi Médias]] |issn=1145-4806 |language=fr <!--|url=https://download.abandonware.org/magazines/Joystick/joystick_numero068/Joystick%20068%20-%20Page%20089%20%28f%C3%A9vrier%201996%29.jpg-->}}</ref> <ref name="FTUDreview">{{cite magazine |title=See You In Hell, My Friend |magazine=Fusion |last=Hummer |first=Sadie |page=80 |date=September 1995 |volume=1 |issue=2 |publisher=Decker Publications |issn=1083-1118 <!--|url=https://retrocdn.net/images/a/a6/Fusion_US_0102.pdf-->}}</ref> <ref name="GSTUDreview">{{cite web |last=Scisco |first=Peter |date=May 1, 1996 |title=The Ultimate Doom Review |url=http://www.gamespot.com/pc/action/ultimatedoom/review.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110907042421/http://www.gamespot.com:80/pc/action/ultimatedoom/review.html |archive-date=September 7, 2011 |access-date=April 9, 2020 |website=[[GameSpot]] |publisher=SpotMedia Communications}}</ref> <ref name="VGJAGreview">{{cite magazine |title=Doom |magazine=[[VideoGames]] |last=Loftus |first=Jim |date=January 1995 |issue=72 |page=76 |publisher=[[Larry Flynt Publications]] |issn=1059-2938 |url=https://archive.org/details/Video_Games_The_Ultimate_Gaming_Magazine_Issue_72_January_1995/page/n75/mode/2up}}</ref> <ref name="GPJAGreview">{{cite magazine |title=Doom—Jaguar |magazine=[[GamePro]] |author=Peteroo |date=January 1995 |issue=66 |pages=92–93 |publisher=[[International Data Group]] |issn=1042-8658 <!--|url=https://retrocdn.net/index.php?title=File%3AGamePro_US_066.pdf&page=110-->}}</ref> <ref name="CVGJAG32review">{{cite magazine |title=Doom versus Doom |magazine=[[Computer and Video Games]] |date=January 1995 |issue=158 |pages=72–74 |publisher=[[Future plc|Future]] |issn=0261-3697 <!--|url=https://retrocdn.net/images/8/84/CVG_UK_158.pdf-->}}</ref> <ref name="GP32review">{{cite magazine |title=Doom—32X |magazine=[[GamePro]] |author=Toxic Tommy |date=February 1995 |issue=67 |page=58 |publisher=[[International Data Group]] |issn=1042-8658 <!--|url=https://retrocdn.net/index.php?title=File%3AGamePro_US_067.pdf&page=60-->}}</ref> <ref name="HCPSreview">{{cite magazine |title=Doom |magazine=[[HobbyConsolas]] |last=Lorente |first=Roberto |date=June 1996 |issue=57 |pages=94–95 |language=es |publisher=[[Axel Springer SE]] |issn=1134-6582 <!--|url=https://retrocdn.net/index.php?title=File%3AHobbyConsolas_ES_057.pdf&page=86-->}}</ref> <ref name="GPPSreview">{{cite magazine |title=Doom: Special PlayStation Edition |magazine=[[GamePro]] |author=Major Mike |date=December 1995 |issue=77 |pages=58–59 |publisher=[[International Data Group]] |issn=1042-8658 <!--|url=https://retrocdn.net/index.php?title=File%3AGamePro_US_077.pdf&page=60-->}}</ref> <ref name="MAXPSreview">{{cite magazine |title=Doom |magazine=Maximum |date=November 1995 |issue=2 |pages=148–149 |publisher=[[Ascential|EMAP]] |issn=1360-3167 |url=https://archive.org/details/maximum-the-video-game-magazine-issue-2-november-1995-uk/page/148/mode/2up}}</ref> <ref name="CVGSNESreview">{{cite magazine |title=Doom |magazine=[[Computer and Video Games]] |last1=Lord |first1=Gary |last2=Patterson |first2=Mark |date=October 1995 |issue=167 |pages=82–83 |publisher=[[Future plc|Future]] |issn=0261-3697 <!--|url=https://retrocdn.net/index.php?title=File%3ACVG_UK_167.pdf&page=83-->}}</ref> <ref name="GPSNESreview">{{cite magazine |title=Doom–Super NES |magazine=[[GamePro]] |author=The Axe Grinder |date=October 1995 |issue=68 |page=66 |publisher=[[International Data Group]] |issn=1042-8658 <!--|url=https://retrocdn.net/index.php?title=File%3AGamePro_US_075.pdf&page=68-->}}</ref> <ref name="NGSNESreview">{{cite magazine |title=Doom |magazine=[[Next Generation (magazine)|Next Generation]] |date=October 1995 |volume=1 |issue=10 |pages=126, 128 |publisher=[[Imagine Media]] |issn=1078-9693 <!--|url=https://retrocdn.net/index.php?title=File%3ANextGeneration_US_10.pdf&page=130-->}}</ref> <ref name="GP3DOreview">{{cite magazine |title=Quick Hits: Doom—3DO |magazine=[[GamePro]] |date=May 1996 |issue=92 |page=72 |publisher=[[International Data Group]] |issn=1042-8658 <!--|url=https://retrocdn.net/index.php?title=File%3AGamePro_US_092.pdf&page=74-->}}</ref> <ref name="MAX3DOreview">{{cite magazine |title=Doom for the 3DO? |magazine=Maximum |date=February 1996 |issue=4 |pages=160–161 |publisher=[[Ascential|EMAP]] |issn=1360-3167 |url=https://archive.org/details/maximum-the-video-game-magazine-issue-4-february-1996-uk/page/160/mode/2up}}</ref> <ref name="MMSATreview">{{cite magazine |title=Doom |magazine=[[Mean Machines]] |date=March 1997 |issue=53 |pages=66–68 |publisher=[[EMAP]] |issn=0960-4952 |url=https://archive.org/details/mean-machines-sega-magazine-53/page/n65/mode/2up}}</ref> <ref name="SSMSATreview">{{cite magazine |title=Doom |magazine=[[Sega Saturn Magazine]] |last=Leadbetter |first=Rich |date=February 1997 |issue=16 |pages=72–73 |publisher=[[EMAP]] |issn=1360-9424 <!--|url=https://retrocdn.net/index.php?title=File%3ASSM_UK_16.pdf&page=72-->}}</ref> <!-- Legacy --> <ref name="Father1">{{cite web |title=The Greatest Games of All Time: Doom |url=http://uk.gamespot.com/features/the-greatest-games-of-all-time-doom-6143094/ |date=2012 |last=Shoemaker |first=Brad |website=[[GameSpot]] |publisher=[[CBS Interactive]] |access-date=June 13, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121011173849/http://uk.gamespot.com/features/the-greatest-games-of-all-time-doom-6143094/ |archive-date=October 11, 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Father2">{{cite web |title=Most Impactful FPS Games of All Time |url=https://in.ign.com/playerunknowns-battlegrounds/134891/feature/most-impactful-fps-games-of-all-time |date=May 9, 2019 |last=Dastoor |first=Vaspaan |website=[[IGN]] |publisher=[[Ziff Davis]] |access-date=June 13, 2023 |archive-date=June 14, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230614023708/https://in.ign.com/playerunknowns-battlegrounds/134891/feature/most-impactful-fps-games-of-all-time |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="Father3">{{cite web |url=https://arstechnica.com/gaming/2016/02/headshot-a-visual-history-of-first-person-shooters/ |title=Headshot: A visual history of first-person shooters |last=Moss |first=Richard |publisher=[[Ars Technica]] |date=February 14, 2016 |access-date=October 14, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171015044747/https://arstechnica.com/gaming/2016/02/headshot-a-visual-history-of-first-person-shooters/ |archive-date=October 15, 2017}}</ref> <ref name="SDF157159">[[#CITEREFScaryPinchbeck|Pinchbeck]], pp. 157–159</ref> <ref name="PCG123">{{cite magazine |title=Ten Years of PC Gamer Magazine |magazine=[[PC Gamer|PC Gamer US]] |date=May 2004 |issue=123 |publisher=[[Future plc|Future]] |issn=1080-4471}}</ref> <ref name="SDF165">[[#CITEREFScaryPinchbeck|Pinchbeck]], p. 165</ref> <ref name="PCG2024">{{Cite web |last=Lane |first=Rick |date=January 31, 2024 |title=Doom is eternal: The immeasurable impact of gaming's greatest FPS |url=https://www.pcgamer.com/doom-is-eternal-the-immeasurable-impact-of-gamings-greatest-fps/ |access-date=February 7, 2024 |work=[[PC Gamer]] |publisher=[[Future plc|Future]]}}</ref> <ref name="DreamersCh15">[[#CITEREFDreamersKingBorland|King; Borland]], ch. 15: "The Doom Connection"</ref> <ref name="DreamersCh12">[[#CITEREFDreamersKingBorland|King; Borland]], ch. 12: "id and Ego"</ref> <ref name="Fluxranking">{{cite magazine |date=April 1995 |title=Top 100 Video Games |url=https://archive.org/details/flux-issue-4/page/n23/mode/2up |magazine=[[Flux (magazine)|Flux]] |publisher=Harris Publications |issue=4 |pages=25 |issn=1074-5602}}</ref> <ref name="cgw199611best">{{cite magazine |date=November 1996 |title=150 Best Games of All Time |magazine=[[Computer Gaming World]] |issue=148 |pages=64–80 |issn=0744-6667 <!--|url=http://www.cgwmuseum.org/galleries/index.php?year=1996&pub=2&id=148-->}}</ref> <ref name="cgw199611mostinnovative">{{cite magazine |date=November 1996 |title=The 15 Most Innovative Computer Games |magazine=[[Computer Gaming World]] |issue=148 |page=102 |issn=0744-6667 <!-- |url=http://www.cgwmuseum.org/galleries/index.php?year=1996&pub=2&id=148 -->}}</ref> <ref name="DoomRealism">{{cite magazine |date=April 1995 |title=The Games |magazine=[[Next Generation (magazine)|Next Generation]] |publisher=[[Imagine Media]] |issue=4 |page=53 |issn=1078-9693}}</ref> <ref name="gamespy20010701">{{cite web |date=July 2001 |title=GameSpy's Top 50 Games of All Time |url=http://archive.gamespy.com/articles/july01/top50index/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100710152120/http://archive.gamespy.com/articles/july01/top50index/ |archive-date=July 10, 2010 |access-date=November 15, 2005 |website=[[GameSpy]] |publisher=[[Ziff Davis]]}}</ref> <ref name="GameSpot2000">{{cite web |title=GameSpot's 100 Games of the Millennium |url=http://www.gamespot.co.uk/pc.gamespot/features/gotm_uk/02.html |website=[[GameSpot]] |publisher=[[CBS Interactive]] |access-date=September 5, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20001009113744/http://www.gamespot.co.uk/pc.gamespot/features/gotm_uk/02.html |archive-date=October 9, 2000 |date=January 2, 2000}}</ref> <ref name="gttopten">{{cite web |date=July 28, 2009 |title=GT Top Ten Breakthrough PC Games |url=http://www.gametrailers.com/video/top-10-gt-countdown/52509 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120107111924/http://www.gametrailers.com/video/top-10-gt-countdown/52509 |archive-date=January 7, 2012 |access-date=July 27, 2011 |website=[[GameTrailers]] |publisher=[[IGN]]}}</ref> <ref name="gi_best">{{cite magazine |date=December 2009 |title=The Top 200 Games of All Time |magazine=[[Game Informer]] |publisher=[[GameStop]] |issue=200 |pages=44–79 |issn=1067-6392}}</ref> <ref name="GameInformer">{{cite magazine |last=Cork |first=Jeff |date=November 16, 2009 |title=Game Informer's Top 100 Games of All Time (Circa Issue 100) |url=https://www.gameinformer.com/b/features/archive/2009/11/16/game-informer-s-top-100-games-of-all-time-circa-issue-100.aspx |magazine=[[Game Informer]] |publisher=[[GameStop]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131111051919/http://www.gameinformer.com/b/features/archive/2009/11/16/game-informer-s-top-100-games-of-all-time-circa-issue-100.aspx |archive-date=November 11, 2013 |url-status=live |access-date=December 10, 2013}}</ref> <ref name="GamesMaster1994">{{cite magazine |title=The All Time Top 100 Ever |magazine=[[GamesMaster (magazine)|GamesMaster]] |publisher=[[Future plc|Future]] |date=September 1994 |issue=21 |issn=0967-9855}}</ref> <ref name="Hyper1995">{{cite magazine |title=Top 100 Video Games of All Time |magazine=[[Hyper (magazine)|Hyper]] |date=February 1995 |issue=15 |publisher=[[Nextmedia]] |issn=1320-7458}}</ref> <ref name="TheIndependent1999">{{cite web |title=The 50 Best Video games: A Legend In Your Own Living-Room |website=[[The Independent]] |date=February 6, 1999 |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/the-50-best-video-games-a-legend-in-your-own-livingroom-1068932.html |access-date=May 5, 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018134016/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/the-50-best-video-games-a-legend-in-your-own-living-room-1068932.html |archive-date=October 18, 2017}}</ref> <ref name="EW2003">{{cite magazine |title=We rank the 100 greatest videogames |date=May 13, 2003|url=http://www.ew.com/article/2003/05/13/we-rank-100-greatest-videogames/ |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |publisher=[[Dotdash Meredith]] |access-date=March 8, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180309120251/http://www.ew.com/article/2003/05/13/we-rank-100-greatest-videogames/ |archive-date=March 9, 2018 |url-status=live |issn=1049-0434}}</ref> <ref name="GTM2010">{{cite magazine |magazine=[[GamesTM]] |publisher=[[Future plc|Future]] |title=GamesTM Top 100 |date=October 2010 |issue=100 |issn=1478-5889}}</ref> <ref name="Jeuxvideo2011">{{cite web |title=Les 100 meilleurs jeux de tous les temps |url=http://www.jeuxvideo.com/dossiers/00014196/les-100-meilleurs-jeux-de-tous-les-temps.htm |website=[[Jeuxvideo.com]] |publisher=[[Webedia]] |language=fr |access-date=March 5, 2019 |date=March 4, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180627150823/http://www.jeuxvideo.com/dossiers/00014196/les-100-meilleurs-jeux-de-tous-les-temps.htm |archive-date=June 27, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="Gamereactor2017">{{cite web |url=https://www.gamereactor.dk/artikler/438333/Gamereactors+Top+100+bedste+spil+nogensinde+101/ |title=Gamereactor's Top 100 bedste spil nogensinde |date=January 16, 2017 |language=da |website=[[Gamereactor]] |access-date=May 28, 2022 |archive-date=May 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220528114503/https://www.gamereactor.dk/artikler/438333/Gamereactors+Top+100+bedste+spil+nogensinde+101/ |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="Time2016">{{cite magazine |date=August 23, 2016 |url=https://time.com/4458554/best-video-games-all-time/ |title=The 50 Best Video Games of All Time |access-date=August 30, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160830154639/http://time.com/4458554/best-video-games-all-time/ |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |publisher=[[Time Inc.]] |archive-date=August 30, 2016 |last1=Peckham |first1=Matt |last2=Eadicicco |first2=Lisa |last3=Fitzpatrick |first3=Alex |last4=Vella |first4=Matt |last5=Patrick Pullen |first5=John |last6=Raab |first6=Josh |last7=Grossman |first7=Lev |issn=0040-781X}}</ref> <ref name="Polygon2017">{{cite web |title=The 500 Best Video Games of All Time|url=https://www.polygon.com/features/2017/11/27/16158276/polygon-500-best-games-of-all-time-500-401 |website=[[Polygon (website)|Polygon]] |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |access-date=December 1, 2017 |date=November 27, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180303210843/https://www.polygon.com/features/2017/11/27/16158276/polygon-500-best-games-of-all-time-500-401 |archive-date=March 3, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="TheTimes2023">{{cite web |url=https://www.thetimes.com/life-style/article/20-best-video-games-of-all-time-ranked-by-an-expert-jury-l5zgrxmw8 |title=20 best video games of all time — ranked by an expert jury |website=[[The Times]] |date=February 26, 2023 |access-date=March 4, 2023 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230226011652/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/20-best-video-games-of-all-time-ranked-by-an-expert-jury-l5zgrxmw8 |archive-date=February 26, 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="DoomNextGen">{{cite magazine |last=Zachary |first=George |date=September 1996 |title=Generator: How a Little Game Called Doom May Have Changes the Business World Forever |magazine=[[Next Generation (magazine)|Next Generation]] |publisher=[[Imagine Media]] |issue=21 |page=20 |issn=1078-9693}}</ref> <ref name="NYTcanon">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/03/12/arts/design/12vide.html?ex=1331352000&en=380fc9bb18694da5&ei=5124&partner=permalink&exprod=permalink |title=Is That Just Some Game? No, It's a Cultural Artifact |work=[[The New York Times]] |first=Heather |last=Chaplin |date=March 12, 2007 |page=E7 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151204212137/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/03/12/arts/design/12vide.html?ex=1331352000&en=380fc9bb18694da5&ei=5124&partner=permalink&exprod=permalink |archive-date=December 4, 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="Joystiqcanon">{{cite web |url=https://www.engadget.com/2007/03/12/10-most-important-video-games-of-all-time-as-judged-by-2-design/ |title=10 most important video games of all time, as judged by 2 designers, 2 academics, and 1 lowly blogger |last=Ransom-Wiley |first=James |work=[[Joystiq]] |publisher=[[AOL]] |date=March 12, 2007 |access-date=March 8, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314183628/http://www.joystiq.com/2007/03/12/10-most-important-video-games-of-all-time-as-judged-by-2-design/ |archive-date=March 14, 2007 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="LOCcanon">{{cite web |url=https://blogs.loc.gov/thesignal/2012/09/yes-the-library-of-congress-has-video-games-an-interview-with-david-gibson/ |title=Yes, The Library of Congress Has Video Games: An Interview with David Gibson |date=September 26, 2012 |work=The Signal |first=Trevor |last=Owens |access-date=March 8, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308134428/http://blogs.loc.gov/digitalpreservation/2012/09/yes-the-library-of-congress-has-video-games-an-interview-with-david-gibson/ |archive-date=March 8, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="HallofFame">{{cite web |title=Doom |url=https://www.museumofplay.org/games/doom/ |access-date=May 6, 2022 |website=[[The Strong National Museum of Play]] |publisher=[[The Strong]] |archive-date=May 6, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220506144811/https://www.museumofplay.org/games/doom/ |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="GShistoriography">{{cite journal |last=Therrien |first=Carl |date=2015 |title=Inspecting Video Game Historiography Through Critical Lens: Etymology of the First-Person Shooter Genre |journal=Game Studies: The International Journal of Computer Game Research |volume=15 |issue=2 |url=https://www.gamestudies.org/1502/articles/therrien |access-date=August 20, 2023 |archive-date=June 1, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230601232600/https://www.gamestudies.org/1502/articles/therrien |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="Replay261262">[[#CITEREFReplayDonovan|Donovan]], pp. 261–262</ref> <ref name="ResearchMachine1">{{cite conference |first1=A. |last1=Kanervisto |first2=J. |last2=Pussinen |first3=V. |last3=Hautamäki |title=Benchmarking End-to-End Behavioural Cloning on Video Games |conference=[[IEEE Transactions on Games|2020 IEEE Conference on Games]], Osaka, Japan |date=2020 |pages=558–565 |doi=10.1109/CoG47356.2020.9231600|arxiv=2004.00981 }}</ref> <ref name="ResearchMachine2">{{cite conference |first1=S. |last1=Alvernaz |first2=J. |last2=Togelius |title=Autoencoder-augmented neuroevolution for visual doom playing |conference=2017 IEEE Conference on Computational Intelligence and Games, New York, NY, USA |date=2017 |pages=1–8 |doi=10.1109/CIG.2017.8080408|arxiv=1707.03902 }}</ref> <ref name="ResearchAesth">{{cite journal |last=Hutchison |first=Andrew |date=2008 |title=Making the water move: techno-historic limits in the game aesthetics of Myst and Doom |journal=Game Studies: The International Journal of Computer Game Research |volume=8 |issue=1 |url=http://gamestudies.org/0801/articles/hutch |access-date=August 20, 2023 |archive-date=March 25, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325071101/https://gamestudies.org/0801/articles/hutch |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="ResearchViolence">{{cite journal |title=A Meta-Analysis on the Longitudinal, Age-Dependent Effects of Violent Video Games on Aggression |first1=Johanna |last1=Burkhardt |first2=Wolfgang |last2=Lenhard |journal=Media Psychology |volume=25 |issue=3 |pages=499–512 |date=2022 |doi=10.1080/15213269.2021.1980729|s2cid=239233862 }}</ref> <ref name="ResearchMemory">{{cite journal |title=The Effects of Video Games in Memory and Attention |first=Chrysovalantis |last=Kefalis |journal=International Journal of Educational Psychology |volume=10 |issue=1 |date=2020 |page=51 |doi=10.3991/ijep.v10i1.11290|s2cid=211535998 |doi-access=free }}</ref> <!-- Clones --> <ref name="DoomChildren">{{cite web |title=The Complete History Of First-Person Shooters |url=https://www.pcmag.com/news/the-complete-history-of-first-person-shooters |last=Jensen |first=K. Thor |date=October 11, 2017 |website=[[PC Gamer]] |publisher=[[Future plc|Future]] |access-date=May 31, 2022 |archive-date=June 12, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612062316/https://www.pcmag.com/news/the-complete-history-of-first-person-shooters |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="pcgtop50">{{cite journal |date=October 1998 |title=The 50 Best Games Ever |journal=[[PC Gamer US]] |volume=5 |issue=10 |pages=86–130 |publisher=[[Future plc|Future]] |issn=1080-4471}}</ref> <ref name="DoomClones1">{{cite web |title=Attacking the clones: indie game devs fight blatant rip-offs |url=https://arstechnica.com/gaming/2012/03/attacking-the-clones-indie-game-devs-fight-blatant-rip-offs/ |last=Orland |first=Kyle |date=March 7, 2012 |website=[[Ars Technica]] |publisher=[[Condé Nast]] |access-date=June 13, 2023 |archive-date=June 14, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230614035525/https://arstechnica.com/gaming/2012/03/attacking-the-clones-indie-game-devs-fight-blatant-rip-offs/ |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="DoomClones2">{{cite web |last1=Turner |first1=Benjamin |last2=Bowen |first2=Kevin |url=http://archive.gamespy.com/articles/december03/doom/clones/index.shtml |title=Bringin' in the Doom Clones |website=[[GameSpy]] |publisher=[[IGN]] |date=December 11, 2003 |access-date=February 19, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712042757/http://archive.gamespy.com/articles/december03/doom/clones/index.shtml |archive-date=July 12, 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="DoomClones3">{{cite magazine |title=Q&A: Doom's Creator Looks Back on 20 Years of Demonic Mayhem |url=https://www.wired.com/2013/12/john-carmack-doom/ |last=Kohler |first=Chris |date=December 10, 1993 |magazine=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]] |publisher=[[Condé Nast]] |access-date=June 14, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230422161322/https://www.wired.com/2013/12/john-carmack-doom/ |archive-date=April 22, 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="DoomChex">{{cite web |last=House |first=Michael L. |title=Chex Quest – Overview |url=http://www.allgame.com/game.php?id=14300&tab=overview |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141117060730/http://www.allgame.com/game.php?id=14300&tab=overview |archive-date=November 17, 2014 |access-date=July 27, 2011 |website=[[AllGame]] |publisher=All Media Network}}</ref> <ref name="DarkForces">{{cite magazine |last=Turi |first=Tim |title=Doom Clone Troopers – The Story Behind Star Wars: Dark Forces |url=https://www.gameinformer.com/b/features/archive/2015/02/27/doom-clone-troopers-the-20th-anniversary-of-star-wars-dark-forces.aspx |date=February 27, 2015 |magazine=[[Game Informer]] |publisher=[[GameStop]] |access-date=June 14, 2023 |archive-date=June 20, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230620181438/https://www.gameinformer.com/b/features/archive/2015/02/27/doom-clone-troopers-the-20th-anniversary-of-star-wars-dark-forces.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="BuildEngine">{{cite web |last1=Zak |first1=Robert |title=Blood, Sweat & Laughter: The Beauty Of The Build Engine |url=https://www.rockpapershotgun.com/build-engine-duke-nukem-blood-shadow-warrior |date=April 13, 2016 |website=[[Rock Paper Shotgun]] |publisher=[[Gamer Network]] |access-date=June 14, 2023 |archive-date=May 28, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528091743/https://www.rockpapershotgun.com/build-engine-duke-nukem-blood-shadow-warrior |url-status=live}}</ref> <!-- Sequel and franchise --> <ref name="MOD180182">[[#CITEREFMODKushner|Kushner]], pp. 180–182</ref> <ref name="Doom2sales1">{{cite web |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1995-03-23-fi-46298-story.html |title=News Analysis: Playing the Interactive Game |last=Pitta |first=Julia |date=March 23, 1995 |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170902121050/http://articles.latimes.com/1995-03-23/business/fi-46298_1_interactive-game/2 |archive-date=September 2, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="Doom2sales2">[[#CITEREFGenEOConnell|O'Connell]], p. 50</ref> <ref name="DoomMaster">{{cite web |url=http://store.steampowered.com/app/9160/Master_Levels_for_Doom_II/ |title=Master Levels for Doom II |work=[[Steam (service)|Steam]] |publisher=[[Valve Corporation|Valve]] |access-date=January 23, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170707223316/http://store.steampowered.com/app/9160/Master_Levels_for_Doom_II |archive-date=July 7, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="FinalDoom1">{{cite magazine |title=Final Doom |magazine=[[Electronic Gaming Monthly]] |issue=87 |publisher=[[Ziff Davis]] |date=October 1996 |page=55 |issn=1058-918X}}</ref> <ref name="FinalDoom2">{{cite magazine |title=Review Crew: Final Doom |magazine=[[Electronic Gaming Monthly]] |issue=89 |publisher=[[Ziff Davis]] |date=December 1996 |page=88 |issn=1058-918X}}</ref> <ref name="Compilation1">{{cite web |title=Tech Support: Commander Keen |url=http://legacy.3drealms.com/tech/keen.html |last=Siegler |first=Joe |publisher=[[3D Realms]] |date=2000 |access-date=June 13, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160602081303/http://legacy.3drealms.com/tech/keen.html |archive-date=June 2, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="IGNDoom3Versions">{{cite web |url=http://www.ign.com/games/doom-3/pc-14934 |title=Doom 3 – PC |work=[[IGN]] |publisher=[[Ziff Davis]] |access-date=January 3, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170430183104/http://www.ign.com/games/doom-3/pc-14934 |archive-date=April 30, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="IGNDoom4">{{cite web |url=http://www.ign.com/games/doom-4/pc-14252444 |title=Doom – PC |work=[[IGN]] |publisher=[[Ziff Davis]] |access-date=January 4, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171213013544/http://www.ign.com/games/doom-4/pc-14252444 |archive-date=December 13, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="DOOMEternal-release">{{cite web |title=Doom Eternal pushed to March 2020 |url=https://www.cnet.com/news/doom-eternal-pushed-to-march-2020/ |website=[[CNET]] |publisher=[[Red Ventures]] |date=March 18, 2020 |last=Gonzales |first=Oscar |access-date=March 21, 2022 |archive-date=October 8, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191008143748/https://www.cnet.com/news/doom-eternal-pushed-to-march-2020/ |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="DOOMspinoffs">{{cite web |title=Let's Rank All The Doom Games, From Worst To Best |url=https://kotaku.com/lets-rank-all-the-doom-games-from-worst-to-best-1846753672 |last=Zwiezen |first=Zack |date=April 24, 2021 |website=[[Kotaku]] |publisher=[[G/O Media]] |access-date=June 14, 2023 |archive-date=June 20, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230620181438/https://kotaku.com/lets-rank-all-the-doom-games-from-worst-to-best-1846753672 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="Novels">{{cite web |title=Doom may be a classic, but were the novels? |url=https://www.pcgamer.com/crap-shoot-doom-the-novels/ |last=Cobbett |first=Richard |date=January 4, 2020 |website=[[PC Gamer]] |publisher=[[Future plc|Future]] |access-date=June 14, 2023 |archive-date=June 20, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230620181438/https://www.pcgamer.com/crap-shoot-doom-the-novels/ |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="Boardgame">{{cite web |url=https://kotaku.com/doom-the-board-game-the-kotaku-review-1792205571 |title=Doom: The Board Game: The Kotaku Review |last=Plunkett |first=Luke |website=[[Kotaku]] |publisher=[[G/O Media]] |date=February 13, 2017 |access-date=November 15, 2021 |archive-date=November 15, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115215154/https://kotaku.com/doom-the-board-game-the-kotaku-review-1792205571 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="Films">{{cite web |title=Doom makers distance themselves from Doom: Annihilation movie |url=https://www.vg247.com/doom-id-not-involved-doom-annihilation-movie |last=Nunneley-Jackson |first=Stephany |date=March 12, 2019 |website=[[VG247]] |publisher=[[Gamer Network]] |access-date=June 14, 2023 |archive-date=June 21, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230621034739/https://www.vg247.com/doom-id-not-involved-doom-annihilation-movie |url-status=live}}</ref> <!-- Controversy --> <ref name="DoomMature">{{cite web |date=September 16, 2014 |title=The ESRB is Turning 20 – IGN |url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2014/09/16/the-esrb-is-turning-20 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160216091339/http://www.ign.com/articles/2014/09/16/the-esrb-is-turning-20 |archive-date=February 16, 2016 |access-date=February 10, 2016 |website=[[IGN]] |publisher=[[Ziff Davis]]}}</ref> <ref name="MOD171">[[#CITEREFMODKushner|Kushner]], p. 171</ref> <ref name="DoomViolence">{{cite web |website=[[Entertainment Software Rating Board]] |title=ESRB Game Ratings: Search Results: Doom |url=http://www.esrb.org/search_results.asp?key=doom&x=0&y=0&type=game |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060216031317/http://www.esrb.org/search_results.asp?key=doom&x=0&y=0&type=game |archive-date=February 16, 2006 |url-status=dead |access-date=December 4, 2004}}</ref> <ref name="GermanyBan">{{cite magazine |title=Germany Lifts 17-Year Ban on Demon-Blaster Doom |url=https://www.wired.com/2011/09/germany-ban-doom/ |last=Brown |first=Mark |date=September 1, 2011 |magazine=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]] |publisher=[[Condé Nast]] |access-date=June 14, 2023 |archive-date=June 20, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230620181438/https://www.wired.com/2011/09/germany-ban-doom/ |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="DoomKillology">{{cite web |last1=Irvine |first1=Reed |last2=Kincaid |first2=Cliff |year=1999 |title=Video Games Can Kill |url=http://www.aim.org/media_monitor/A3327_0_2_0_C/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071005011325/http://www.aim.org/media_monitor/A3327_0_2_0_C/ |archive-date=October 5, 2007 |access-date=November 15, 2005 |website=[[Accuracy in Media]]}}</ref> <ref name="NYTColumbine">{{cite news |title=Game Makers on the Defensive After the Columbine Shootings |last=Richtel |first=Matt |date=April 29, 1999 |page=G3 |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/04/29/technology/news-watch-game-makers-on-the-defensive-after-the-columbine-shootings.html |access-date=June 15, 2023 |archive-date=June 20, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230620181439/https://www.nytimes.com/1999/04/29/technology/news-watch-game-makers-on-the-defensive-after-the-columbine-shootings.html |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="EscapistColumbine">{{cite web |title=8 of the Most Controversial Videogames Ever Made |last1=Whitaker |first1=Ron |url=https://www.escapistmagazine.com/8-of-the-most-controversial-videogames-ever-made/ |date=June 1, 2015 |website=[[The Escapist (magazine)|The Escapist]] |publisher=[[Gamurs]] |access-date=June 14, 2023 |archive-date=June 20, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230620233506/https://www.escapistmagazine.com/8-of-the-most-controversial-videogames-ever-made/ |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="SnopesHarrisLevels">{{cite web |last=Mikkelson |first=Barbara |date=January 1, 2005 |title=Columbine Doom Levels |url=https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/the-harris-levels/ |access-date=June 11, 2020 |website=[[Snopes]] |archive-date=November 22, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211122174955/https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/the-harris-levels/ |url-status=live}}</ref> <!-- Community --> <ref name="community1">{{cite web |title=The Greatest Games of All Time: Doom |url=https://www.gamespot.com/articles/the-greatest-games-of-all-time-doom/1100-6143094/ |last=Shoemaker |first=Brad |date=February 2, 2006 |website=[[GameSpot]] |publisher=SpotMedia Communications |access-date=June 21, 2023 |archive-date=October 9, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171009203503/https://www.gamespot.com/articles/the-greatest-games-of-all-time-doom/1100-6143094/ |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="Community2">{{cite web |author=Gestalt |date=December 29, 1999 |title=Games of the Millennium |url=http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2000_3 |access-date=June 16, 2015 |website=[[Eurogamer]] |publisher=[[Gamer Network]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304122828/http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2000_3 |archive-date=March 4, 2016}}</ref> <ref name="MOD167169">[[#CITEREFMODKushner|Kushner]], pp. 167–169</ref> <ref name="ESCModHistory">{{cite web |title=A Brief History of Doom Mapping |url=https://www.escapistmagazine.com/a-brief-history-of-doom-mapping/ |last=Hrodey |first=matt |date=February 11, 2019 |website=[[The Escapist (magazine)|The Escapist]] |publisher=[[Gamurs]] |access-date=June 19, 2023 |archive-date=June 20, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230620020200/https://www.escapistmagazine.com/a-brief-history-of-doom-mapping/ |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="RPSModHistory">{{cite web |title=A People's History Of The FPS, Part 1: The WAD |url=https://www.rockpapershotgun.com/a-peoples-history-of-the-fps-part-1-the-wad |last=Yang |first=Robert |date=September 19, 2012 |website=[[Rock Paper Shotgun]] |publisher=[[Gamer Network]] |access-date=June 19, 2023 |archive-date=June 20, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230620020151/https://www.rockpapershotgun.com/a-peoples-history-of-the-fps-part-1-the-wad |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="Cacowards19">{{cite web |title=The best Doom mods of 2019 |url=https://www.rockpapershotgun.com/modder-superior-best-mods-classic-doom-2019 |last=Tarason |first=Dominic |date=November 25, 2019 |website=[[Rock Paper Shotgun]] |publisher=[[Gamer Network]] |access-date=June 19, 2023 |archive-date=June 20, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230620020153/https://www.rockpapershotgun.com/modder-superior-best-mods-classic-doom-2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="Dragon217">{{cite magazine |author1=Jay |author2=Dee |date=May 1995 |title=Eye of the Monitor: D!Zone |magazine=[[Dragon (magazine)|Dragon]] |publisher=[[TSR, Inc.|TSR]] |issue=217 |pages=67–74 |issn=1062-2101 <!--|url=http://annarchive.com/files/Drmg217.pdf#page=69-->}}</ref> <ref name="MOD212">[[#CITEREFMODKushner|Kushner]], p. 212</ref> <ref name="NewLevels">{{cite web |date=April 26, 2016 |title=John Romero's new Doom level is a tease for his next project |url=http://www.polygon.com/2016/4/26/11512788/john-romero-new-doom-level-free-download |last=Frank |first=Allegra |access-date=July 15, 2016 |website=[[Polygon (website)|Polygon]] |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160704014611/http://www.polygon.com/2016/4/26/11512788/john-romero-new-doom-level-free-download |archive-date=July 4, 2016}}</ref> <ref name="RomeroLevels">{{cite web |date=January 15, 2016 |title=You can download John Romero's first new Doom level in 21 years right now |url=http://www.polygon.com/2016/1/15/10776094/john-romero-doom-level-free-download |last=Frank |first=Allegra |access-date=October 14, 2016 |website=[[Polygon (website)|Polygon]] |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161014193709/http://www.polygon.com/2016/1/15/10776094/john-romero-doom-level-free-download |archive-date=October 14, 2016}}</ref> <ref name="Sigil1">{{cite web |date=May 31, 2019 |title=Download Sigil |url=https://romero.com/sigil |access-date=July 24, 2020 |website=Romero Games |archive-date=January 22, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122071151/https://romero.com/sigil |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="Sigil2">{{cite web |last=Wales |first=Matt |date=May 31, 2019 |title=John Romero's free, unofficial fifth Doom episode Sigil is finally here |url=https://www.eurogamer.net/john-romeros-unofficial-fifth-doom-episode-sigil-is-finally-out |website=[[Eurogamer]] |publisher=[[Gamer Network]] |access-date=June 19, 2023 |archive-date=June 20, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230620020150/https://www.eurogamer.net/john-romeros-unofficial-fifth-doom-episode-sigil-is-finally-out |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="SigilII">{{cite web |date=December 10, 2023 |title=Download Sigil II with Thorr Soundtrack |url=https://romero.com/shop/p/sigil-ii-thorr |access-date=December 10, 2023 |website=Romero Games}}</ref> <ref name="SnyderBook">[[#CITEREFSpeedrunningSnyder|Snyder]] pp. 34–36</ref> <ref name="wired culture">{{cite magazine |last=Lenti |first=Erica |date=July 10, 2021 |title=Why Do Gamers Love Speedrunning So Much Anyway? |url=https://www.wired.com/story/why-gamers-love-speedrunning/ |url-status=live |magazine=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]] |publisher=[[Condé Nast]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210710110824/https://www.wired.com/story/why-gamers-love-speedrunning/ |archive-date=July 10, 2021 |access-date=July 10, 2021}}</ref> <ref name="SpeedrunOrigin1">{{cite web |last=Paez |first=Danny |date=March 10, 2020 |title=Coined: How "speedrunning" became an Olympic-level gaming competition |url=https://www.inverse.com/gaming/speedrun-meaning-definition-origin-gaming-coined |access-date=March 18, 2022 |website=[[Inverse (website)|Inverse]] |publisher=[[Bustle (magazine)|Bustle Digital Group]] |archive-date=October 26, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026231911/https://www.inverse.com/gaming/speedrun-meaning-definition-origin-gaming-coined |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="SpeedrunOrigin2">{{cite web |last=Turner |first=Benjamin |date=August 10, 2005 |title=Smashing the Clock |url=http://www.1up.com/do/feature?cId=3142599&did=1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927220042/http://www.1up.com/do/feature?cId=3142599&did=1 |archive-date=September 27, 2007 |access-date=August 13, 2005 |website=[[1Up.com]] |publisher=[[Ziff Davis]]}}</ref> <ref name="SpeedrunLongevity1">{{cite web |title=Insanely Difficult Doom Record Beaten After 20 Years |url=https://www.kotaku.com.au/2019/04/doom-speedrun-world-record-broken-after-20-years/ |last=Walker |first=Alex |date=April 9, 2019 |website=[[Kotaku]] |publisher=[[G/O Media]] |access-date=June 21, 2023 |archive-date=April 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423024018/https://www.kotaku.com.au/2019/04/doom-speedrun-world-record-broken-after-20-years/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="SpeedrunLongevity2">{{cite web |title=22-year-old Doom E1M1: Hangar speedrun record finally broken |url=https://www.shacknews.com/article/111159/22-year-old-doom-e1m1-hangar-speedrun-record-finally-broken |last=Hawkins |first=Josh |date=April 10, 2019 |website=[[Shacknews]] |publisher=Gamerhub |access-date=June 21, 2023 |archive-date=October 28, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028090350/https://www.shacknews.com/article/111159/22-year-old-doom-e1m1-hangar-speedrun-record-finally-broken |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="SpeedrunLongevity3">{{cite web |title=This Doom 'speedrun' took more than three weeks |url=https://www.pcgamer.com/this-doom-speedrun-took-more-than-three-weeks/ |last=Stanton |first=Rich |date=September 7, 2022 |website=[[PC Gamer]] |publisher=[[Future plc|Future]] |access-date=June 21, 2023 |archive-date=June 22, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230622015925/https://www.pcgamer.com/this-doom-speedrun-took-more-than-three-weeks/ |url-status=live}}</ref> }}
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