Editing Dharma (section)

==Jainism==
{{Main|Dharma (Jainism)}}
{{Jainism}}
The word ''dharma'' in Jainism is found in all its key texts. It has a contextual meaning and refers to a number of ideas. In the broadest sense, it means the teachings of the Jinas,<ref name="ODWR-Dharma" /> or teachings of any competing spiritual school,{{sfn|Cort|2001|p=100}} a supreme path,<ref>{{cite book|author1=Clarke, Peter B. |author2=Beyer, Peter |title=The World's Religions: Continuities and Transformations |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rBgn3xB75ZcC |year=2009|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-135-21100-4|page=325}}</ref> socio-religious duty,<ref>{{cite book|first=Torkel |last=Brekke |title=Makers of Modern Indian Religion in the Late Nineteenth Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D6YUDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA124 |year=2002 |publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-925236-7|page=124}}</ref> and that which is the highest {{lang|sa|mangala}} (holy).{{sfn|Cort|2001|pp=192–194}}

The ''[[Tattvartha Sutra]]'', a major [[Jain text]], mentions {{lang|sa|daśa dharma}} ({{lit|ten ''dharma''s}}) with referring to ten righteous virtues: forbearance, modesty, straightforwardness, purity, truthfulness, self-restraint, austerity, renunciation, non-attachment, and celibacy.{{sfn|Jain|2011|p=128}} Ācārya Amṛtacandra, author of the Jain text, {{IAST|Puruṣārthasiddhyupāya}} writes:{{sfn|Jain|2012|p=22}}
{{Blockquote|A right believer should constantly meditate on virtues of dharma, like supreme modesty, in order to protect the Self from all contrary dispositions. He should also cover up the shortcomings of others.|''Puruṣārthasiddhyupāya'' (27)}}

===''Dharmāstikāya''===
{{further|Dravya}}
The term {{lang|sa|dharmāstikāya}} ({{langx|sa|धर्मास्तिकाय}}) also has a specific [[ontology|ontological]] and soteriological meaning in Jainism, as a part of its theory of six {{lang|sa|dravya}} (substance or a reality). In the Jain tradition, existence consists of {{lang|sa|[[Jīva (Jainism)|jīva]]}} (soul, {{lang|sa|[[Ātman (Hinduism)|ātman]]}}) and {{lang|sa|[[ajīva]]}} (non-soul, {{lang|sa|[[Anātman (Hinduism)|anātman]]}}), the latter consisting of five categories: inert non-sentient atomic matter ({{lang|sa|pudgalāstikāya}}), space ({{lang|sa|[[ākāśa]]}}), time ({{lang|sa|[[kāla]]}}), principle of motion ({{lang|sa|dharmāstikāya}}), and principle of rest ({{lang|sa|adharmāstikāya}}).<ref>{{cite book|first=John E. |last=Cort|title=Open Boundaries: Jain Communities and Cultures in Indian History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WWfnXbVWjKcC |year=1998|publisher=State University of New York Press|isbn=978-0-7914-3786-5|pages=10–11}}</ref><ref name="Dundas2003p93">{{cite book |author=Paul Dundas |author-link=Paul Dundas |title=The Jains |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X8iAAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA93 |year=2003 |edition=2nd |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-26605-5 |pages=93–95}}</ref> The use of the term {{lang|sa|dharmāstikāya}} to mean motion and to refer to an ontological sub-category is peculiar to Jainism, and not found in the [[metaphysics]] of Buddhism and various schools of Hinduism.<ref name="Dundas2003p93"/>