Editing Crisis of the Third Century (section)

==== [[Gallic Empire]] (260–274) ====
The '''Gallic Empire''' was [[Secession|breakaway]] part of the Roman Empire that, unlike most usurper-ruled territories, functioned ''[[de facto]]'' as a separate state from 260 to 274. It had its own capital ([[Trier]]), a clear succession of emperors, its own [[Consul (Gallic Empire)|pair of yearly-elected consuls]], and even its own usurpers. At its hight, the Empire controlled all Western European provinces: [[Hispania]], [[Gaul]] and [[Roman Britain|Britannia]]. The term "Gallic Empire" and "Gallic Emperor" are modern conventions; its rulers continued to use the standard imperial titulature without changes.{{sfn|Vagi|2000|pp=385–397}}
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| colspan="2" |[[File:Golden coin of Postumus.png|120x120px]]
|'''[[Postumus]]'''<br /><small>{{Smallcaps|Marcus Cassianius Latinius Postumus}}</small>
|{{Circa}} 260 – April/August 269<br /><small>(about 9 years)</small>
|Governor of Germania under Emperor [[Gallienus]], proclaimed emperor after a military victory, after which he killed Gallienus' son [[Saloninus]] at [[Cologne]]. Established a court in [[Trier]], but made no moves against the Emperor in Rome. He was killed by his troops in the aftermath of Laelian's usurpation, as he did not allow them to sack Mainz.{{sfn|Vagi|2000|pp=385–397}}{{sfn|PLRE|p=720}}
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| style="background:#EBEBEB;" colspan="2" |[[File:Aureus Laelianus.jpg|123x123px]]
| style="background:#EBEBEB;" |'''''[[Laelian]]'''''<br /><small>{{Smallcaps|Ulpius Cornelius Laelianus}}</small>
| style="background:#EBEBEB;" |mid-269<br /><small>('''Germania''', 2 months or less)</small>
| style="background:#EBEBEB;" |General under Postumus, revolted in [[Mainz]] in February or June 269, possibly in coordination with Claudius II's forces, which constantly attacked Southern Germania. He was related to the Hispanic emperor [[Trajan]] (r. 98–117), which made him earn support from that region. Laelian was quickly defeated by Postumus; [[Hispania]] switched allegiance to Claudius II shortly after.{{sfn|Vagi|2000|pp=385–397}}{{sfn|PLRE|p=492|}}
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| colspan="2" |[[File:Marcus Aurelius Marius - Antoninianus Trier (obverse).jpg|119x119px]]
|'''[[Marcus Aurelius Marius|Marius]]'''<br /><small>{{Smallcaps|Marcus Aurelius Marius}}</small>
|{{Circa}} 269<br /><small>(a few months, more than Laelian)</small>
|A [[blacksmith]] that was proclaimed emperor in Mainz after Laelian and Postumus' demise, but was killed shortly after. Ancient sources give him a reign of only a couple of days, but this is impossible given the amount of coinage produced during his reign.{{sfn|Vagi|2000|pp=385–397}}{{sfn|PLRE|p=562|}}
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| colspan="2" |[[File:Victorinus - Münzkabinett, Berlin - 5541225 (obverse).jpg|120x120px]]
|'''[[Victorinus]]'''<br /><small>{{Smallcaps|Marcus Piavonius Victorinus}}</small>
|{{Circa}} 269 – 271<br /><small>(about 3 years)</small>
|Proclaimed emperor after Marius' assassination with the support of his mother [[Victoria (Gallic Empire)|Victoria]], a wealthy noblewoman who probably contributed to the fall of Postumus. Failed to maintain Hispania and faced pro-Roman revolts in central Germania. Said to have been a womanizer, he was killed {{sfn|Vagi|2000|pp=385–397}}{{sfn|PLRE|p=965|}}
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| style="background:#EBEBEB;" colspan="2" |[[File:Domitianus II obverse ashmolean (edited).JPG|120x120px]]
| style="background:#EBEBEB;" |[[Domitian II|'''''Domitian''' ('''II''')'']]<br /><small>{{Smallcaps|Domitianus}}</small>
| style="background:#EBEBEB;" |{{Circa}} 271<br /><small>(very shortly)</small>
| style="background:#EBEBEB;" |Obscure figure that briefly rebelled in Gaul, perhaps during Victorinus' reign.{{sfn|Vagi|2000|pp=385–397}}{{sfn|PLRE|p=262|}}
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| colspan="2" |[[File:Aureus of Tetricus, 271 (obverse).jpg|119x119px]]
|'''[[Tetricus I]]'''<br /><small>{{Smallcaps|Gaius Esuvius Tetricus}}</small>
|{{Circa}} 271 – 274<br /><small>(about 3 years)</small>
|Governor of [[Aquitania]]; proclaimed emperor at [[Bordeaux]] with the support of [[Victoria (Gallic Empire)|Victoria]], Victorinus' mother. He surrendered to [[Aurelian]] after the [[Battle of Châlons (274)|Battle of Châlons]] against his troops, although Tetricus appears to have been secretly arranged his abdication with the Emperor, who pardon him and appointed him as governor of [[Lucania]] (Southern Italy).{{sfn|Vagi|2000|pp=385–397}}{{sfn|PLRE|p=885|}}
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| style="background:#FFe4e1;" colspan="2" |[[File:Tetricus II. - Münzkabinett, Berlin - 5541240 (obverse).jpg|121x121px]]
| style="background:#FFe4e1;" |[[Tetricus II]]<br /><small>{{Smallcaps|Gaius Esuvius Tetricus}}</small>
| style="background:#FFe4e1;" |{{Circa}} 273 – 274<br /><small>(''caesar'' under Tetricus I)</small>
| style="background:#FFe4e1;" |Young son of Tetricus, almost nothing known except that he lived on to have a distinguished senatorial career. There is some debate on whether he was proclaimed ''augustus'' on the final weeks on the Gallic empire, as the evidence (coins) for this are rare and of disputed authenticity.{{sfn|Vagi|2000|pp=385–397}}{{sfn|PLRE|p=885|}}
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| style="background:#EBEBEB;" colspan="2" |
| style="background:#EBEBEB;" |'''''[[Faustinus]]''''' (?)
| style="background:#EBEBEB;" |274
| style="background:#EBEBEB;" |Governor of [[Gallia Belgica]], rebelled against Tetricus, who was forced to ask [[Aurelian]] for help. Not known if he actually claimed the imperial title.<ref>{{cite web |last=Polfer |first=Michel |date=1999 |title=Faustinus |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120128125134/https://www.roman-emperors.org/faustinu.htm |website=De Imperatoribus Romanis}}</ref>
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| colspan="5" style="width:10%;" |