Editing Corfu (section)

===19th century===
{{further|French departments of Greece|Septinsular Republic|United States of the Ionian Islands}}
[[File:Russian-Gun-on-Corfu.jpg|thumb|A Russian gun from the Russian-Ottoman occupation of Corfu in the beginning of the 19th century, [[Paleokastritsa]]]]

By the 1797 [[Treaty of Campo Formio]], Corfu was ceded to the [[French Revolution|French]], who occupied it for two years as the ''[[French departments of Greece|département]]'' of [[Corcyre]], until they were [[Siege of Corfu (1798–1799)|expelled]] by a joint [[Russian Empire|Russia]]n-Ottoman squadron under [[Admiral Ushakov]]. For a short time it became the capital of a self-governing federation of the [[Septinsular Republic|Heptanesos]] ("Seven Islands"), under Ottoman suzerainty; in 1807 after the [[Treaty of Tilsit]] its faction-ridden government was again replaced by a French administration under governor [[François-Xavier Donzelot]], and in 1809 it was besieged in vain by a [[Royal Navy|British Royal Navy]] fleet, which had captured all the other Ionian islands.<ref name=EB1911/>

Following the final defeat of [[Napoleon]] at the [[Battle of Waterloo]], the Ionian Islands became a [[British protectorate|protectorate]] of the United Kingdom by the [[Treaty of Paris (1815)|Treaty of Paris]] of 5 November 1815 as the [[United States of the Ionian Islands]]. Corfu became the seat of the British [[Lord High Commissioner of the Ionian Islands]].<ref name=EB1911/> The population of the island was 66,000 by 1848.<ref>{{cite book |title=The National Cyclopaedia of Useful Knowledge |date=1848 |publisher=Charles Knight |location=London |page=Vol IV, 939 |edition=First}}</ref>The period of British rule led to investment in new roads, an improved water supply system, and the expansion of the [[Ionian Academy]] into a university. During this period the [[Greek language]] became the official language.{{citation needed|date=January 2021}}

Following a plebiscite the [[Second National Assembly of the Greeks at Athens]] elected a new king, Prince Wilhelm (William) of Denmark, who took the name [[George I of the Hellenes|George I]] and brought with him the Ionian Islands as a coronation gift from Britain. On 29 March 1864, the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|United Kingdom]], [[Kingdom of Greece|Greece]], [[Second French Empire|France]] and [[Russian Empire|Russia]] signed the [[Treaty of London (1864)|Treaty of London]], pledging the transfer of sovereignty to Greece upon ratification. Thus, on 21 May, by proclamation of the Lord High Commissioner, the Ionian Islands were united with Greece.<ref name="History of Corfu"/>

In 1891, an anti-Semitic [[pogrom]] took place following a case of [[blood libel]], and riots ensued.<ref>
{{Cite web |title= Corfou |website= jguideeurope.org |language= fr |url= https://jguideeurope.org/fr/region/grece/corfou/ |access-date= March 8, 2025 }}
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{{Cite web |title= Corfu |website= jewishvirtuallibrary.org |url= https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/corfu }}
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{{cite journal |last1= Sekas |first1= Sakis |date= 2004 |title= The Port Jews of Corfu and the 'Blood Libel' of 1891: A Tale of Many Centuries and of One Event |journal= Jewish Culture and History |volume= 7 |issue= 1–2 |pages= 171–196 |doi= 10.1080/1462169X.2004.10512017 }}
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As of May 1891, arson attempts had been unsuccessful and the British Parliament could not answer a question about whether some people had died.<ref>
{{Cite web |title= Anti-Jewish riots at Corfu |type= Question to Parliament: J. Goldsmid, 15 May 1891 |website= api.parliament.uk |url= https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1891/may/15/anti-jewish-riots-at-corfu |access-date= March 8, 2025 }}
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Part of the Jewish population chose to leave the island, mainly for [[Thessaloniki]], the Ottoman territories being more welcoming. [[Albert Cohen (novelist)|Albert Cohen]]'s family left in 1900 and settled in [[Marseille]].<ref>
{{cite web |title= Sur les pas d'Albert Cohen à Corfou, l'île mosaïque |website= atelier-albert-cohen.org |language= fr |date= 2017 |url= https://www.atelier-albert-cohen.org/index.php/the-news/213-sur-les-pas-dalbert-cohen-a-corfou-lile-mosaique.html |access-date= March 8, 2025 }}
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{{Cite web |last1= Gottheil |first1= Richard |last2= Caimi |first2= M. |title= Corfu |website= jewishencyclopedia.com |url= https://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/4656-corfu }}
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====British Lord High Commissioners during the protectorate====
[[File:Maitland Monument in Corfu.jpg|thumb|The Maitland Monument in Corfu town, built to commemorate [[Sir Thomas Maitland]]]]
This is a list of the British High Commissioners of the Ionian Islands; (as well as the transitional Greek Governor, appointed a year prior to Enosis (Union) with Greece in 1864).<ref name="Catalan wiki">[[:ca:Història de Corfú]]</ref>
*[[Sir James Campbell, 1st Baronet|Sir James Campbell]] 1814–1816
*[[Sir Thomas Maitland]] (1759–1824) 1815–1823
*[[Frederick Adam|Sir Frederick Adam]] (1781–1853) 1823–1832
*[[Alexander Woodford|Sir Alexander Woodford]] (1782–1870) 1832
*[[George Nugent-Grenville, 2nd Baron Nugent]] (1788–1850) 1832–1835
*[[Howard Douglas]] (1776–1861) 1835–1840
*[[James Alexander Stewart-Mackenzie]] (1784–1843) 1840–1843
*[[John Colborne, 1st Baron Seaton]] (1778–1863) 1843–1849
*[[Henry George Ward|Sir Henry George Ward]] (1797–1860) 1849–1855
*[[John Young, 1st Baron Lisgar|Sir John Young]] (1807–1876) 1855–1859
*[[William Ewart Gladstone]] (1809–1898) 1859
*[[Henry Knight Storks|Sir Henry Knight Storks]] (1811–1874) 1859–1863
*Count Dimitrios Nikolaou Karousos, President of the [[United States of the Ionian Islands|Ionian Parliament]] (1799–1873) 1863–1864