Editing Conservatism (section)

==== Iran ====
{{Conservatism in Iran}}
The [[Pahlavi dynasty]] replaced the [[Qajar dynasty]] in 1925 after a ''[[1921 Persian coup d'état|coup d'état]]'', ruling Iran as a [[constitutional monarchy]] from 1925 until 1953 and then as an autocratic monarchy from the U.S.-instigated [[1953 Iranian coup d'état|1953 ''coup d'état'']] until 1979.<ref>{{cite book |author1=Cyrus Ghani |author2=Sīrūs Ghanī |title=Iran and the Rise of the Reza Shah: From Qajar Collapse to Pahlavi Power |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VGZItY9kL0AC&pg=PA147 |date=January 6, 2001 |publisher=I.B.Tauris |isbn=978-1-86064-629-4 |pages=147–}}</ref> In an attempt to introduce reform from above while preserving traditional relations of hierarchy, the [[Shah]], [[Mohammad Reza Pahlavi]], launched the [[White Revolution]] in 1963 as a series of reforms of aggressive modernization, resulting in a great [[redistribution of wealth]] from the aristocratic landlord class to Iran's working class and explosive economic growth in subsequent decades.<ref>{{cite news |title=1979: Iran and America |newspaper=Encyclopedia Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/White-Revolution}}</ref> The [[Iranian Revolution]] of 1979, supported by the clergy and the aristocracy, overthrew the monarchy and transformed the [[Imperial State of Iran]] to the [[Islamic Republic of Iran]], thus replacing the [[progressive conservatism]] of the Shah monarchy with the [[reactionary conservatism]] of Islamic theocracy.<ref>{{cite book |last=Afkhami |first=Gholam-Reza |title=The Life and Times of the Shah |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pTVSPmyvtkAC |isbn=978-0-520-94216-5 |date=2009 |publisher=University of California Press |access-date=July 2, 2024 |archive-date=January 19, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230119152458/https://books.google.com/books?id=pTVSPmyvtkAC |url-status=live}}</ref> The two main political camps in today's Iran are the [[Iranian Principlists|Principlists]] and the [[Iranian reform movement|Reformists]].<ref>{{Citation |first=Masoud |last=Kazemzadeh |title=Intra-Elite Factionalism and the 2004 Majles Elections in Iran |journal=Middle Eastern Studies |year=2008 |volume=44 |number=2 |doi=10.1080/00263200701874867 |pages=189–214}}</ref>
{{clear}}