Editing Common buzzard (section)

===Development of young===
[[File:Buteo nestling juedischer Friedhof.JPG|thumb|right|Two young buzzard nestlings.]]
Once hatching commences, it may take 48 hours for the chick to chip out. Hatching may take place over 3–7 days, with new hatchlings averaging about {{cvt|45|g}} in body mass.<ref name= Ferguson-Lees/><ref name= Brown/><ref name= Cramp/> Often the youngest nestling dies from starvation, especially in broods of three or more.<ref name= Brown/> In nestlings, the first down replaces by longer, coarser down at about 7 days of age with the first proper feathers appearing at 12 to 15 days. The young are nearly fully feathered rather than downy at about a month of age and can start to feed themselves as well. The first attempts to leave the nest are often at about 40–50 days, averaging usually 40–45 in nominate buzzards in Europe, but more quickly on average at 40–42 in ''vulpinus''. Fledging occurs typically at 43–54 days but in extreme cases at as late 62 days. Sexual dimorphism is apparent in European fledglings, as females often scale about {{cvt|1000|g|lb}} against {{cvt|780|g|lb}} in males.<ref name= Brown/><ref name= Cramp/><ref name= Tyack>Tyack, A. J., Walls, S. S., & Kenward, R. E. (1998). ''Behaviour in the post‐nestling dependence period of radio‐tagged Common Buzzards Buteo buteo''. Ibis, 140(1), 58–63.</ref> After leaving the nest, buzzards generally stay close by, but with migratory ones there is more definitive movement generally southbound. Full independence is generally sought 6 to 8 weeks after fledging. 1st year birds generally remain in wintering area for following summer but then return to near area of origin but then migrate south again without breeding.<ref name= Ferguson-Lees/><ref name= Brown/><ref name= Cramp/> Radio-tracking suggests that most dispersal, even relatively early dispersals, by juvenile buzzards is undertaken independently rather than via exile by parents, as has been recorded in some other birds of prey.<ref>Walls, S. S., Mañosa, S., Fuller, R. M., Hodder, K. H., & Kenward, R. E. (1999). ''Is early dispersal enterprise or exile? Evidence from radio-tagged buzzards''. Journal of Avian Biology, 407–415.</ref> In common buzzards, generally speaking, siblings stay quite close to each other after dispersal from their parents and form something of a social group, although parents usually tolerate their presence on their territory until they are laying another clutch. However, the social group of siblings disbands at about a year of age.<ref name= Tyack/><ref name="Walls"/> Juvenile buzzards are subordinate to adults during most encounters and tend to avoid direct confrontations and actively defended territories until they are of appropriate age (usually at least 2 years of age).<ref name= Cramp/> This was the case as well for steppe buzzard juveniles wintering in southern Africa, although in some cases juveniles were able to successfully [[Kleptoparasitism|steal prey]] from adults there.<ref>Herremans, M. (2001). ''Age-related differences in abundance and habitat occupation of Steppe Buzzards, Buteo buteo vulpinus, in the Western Cape Province, South Africa''. Ostrich-Journal of African Ornithology, 72(1–2), 105–108.</ref>
[[File:Common Buzzard fledgling in Pinus nigra 2010-06-16.jpg|thumb|left|A common buzzard recent fledgling in a pine tree.]]