Editing Clitic (section)

===Slavic languages===
*[[Russian language|Russian]]: [[wikt:ли|ли]] (yes–no question), [[wikt:же|же]] (emphasis), то (emphasis), [[wikt:не|не]] "not" (proclitic), [[wikt:бы|бы]] (subjunctive)
* [[Czech language|Czech]]: special clitics: weak personal and reflexive pronouns (''mu'', "him"), certain auxiliary verbs (''by'', "would"), and various short particles and adverbs (''tu'', "here"; ''ale'', "though"). "''Nepodařilo '''by se mi mu to''' dát''" "I would not succeed in giving it to him". In addition there are various simple clitics including short prepositions.
* [[Polish language|Polish]]: ''[[wikt:by|-by]]'' (conditional mood particle), ''[[wikt:się|się]]'' (reflexive, also modifies meaning of certain verbs), ''[[wikt:no|no]]'' and ''[[wikt:że|-że]]'' (emphasis), ''-m, -ś, -śmy, -ście'' (personal auxiliary), ''mi, ci, cię, go, mu'' &c. (unstressed personal pronouns in [[oblique case]]s)

==== Serbo-Croatian ====
[[Serbo-Croatian]]: the [[reflexive pronoun]] forms ''si'' and ''se'', ''li'' (yes–no question), unstressed [[Present tense|present]] and [[aorist]] tense forms of ''biti'' ("to be"; ''sam, si, je, smo, ste, su''; and ''bih, bi, bi, bismo, biste, bi'', for the respective tense), unstressed [[personal pronoun]]s in genitive (''me, te, ga, je, nas, vas, ih''), dative (''mi, ti, mu, joj, nam, vam, im'') and accusative (''me, te, ga (nj), je (ju), nas, vas, ih''), and unstressed present tense of ''htjeti'' ("want/will"; ''ću, ćeš, će, ćemo, ćete, će'')

These clitics follow the first stressed word in the sentence or clause in most cases, which may have been inherited from [[Proto-Indo-European]] (see [[Wackernagel's Law]]), even though many of the modern clitics became cliticised much more recently in the language (e.g. auxiliary verbs or the accusative forms of pronouns). In subordinate clauses and questions, they follow the connector and/or the question word respectively.

Examples (clitics – ''sam'' "I am", ''biste'' "you would (pl.)", ''mi'' "to me", ''vam'' "to you (pl.)", ''ih'' "them"):

* ''Pokažite '''mi ih'''.'' "Show (pl.) them to me." 
* ''Pokazao '''sam vam ih''' jučer.'' "I showed them to you (pl.) yesterday." 
* ''Sve '''sam vam ih''' (jučer) pokazao. / Sve '''sam vam ih''' pokazao (jučer).'' "I showed all of them to you (yesterday)." (focus on "all") 
* ''Jučer '''sam vam ih''' (sve) pokazao.'' "I showed (all of) them to you yesterday." (focus on "yesterday") 
* ''Znam da '''sam vam ih''' već pokazao.'' "I know that I have already shown them to you." 
* ''Zašto '''sam vam ih''' jučer pokazao?'' "Why did I show them to you yesterday?" 
* ''Zar '''sam vam ih''' jučer pokazao?'' "Did I (really) show them to you yesterday?" 
* ''Kad '''biste mi ih''' sada dali...'' "If you (pl.) gave them to me now..." (lit. If you-would to-me them now give-''participle''...) 
* ''Što '''sam''' god vidio...'' "Whatever I saw..." (lit. What I-am ever see-''participle''...)

In certain rural dialects this rule is (or was until recently) very strict, whereas elsewhere various exceptions occur. These include phrases containing conjunctions (e. g. ''Ivan i Ana'' "Ivan and Ana"), nouns with a genitival attribute (e. g. ''vrh brda'' "the top of the hill"), proper names and titles and the like (e. g. ''(gospođa) Ivana Marić'' "(Mrs) Ivana Marić", ''grad Zagreb'' "the city (of) Zagreb"), and in many local varieties clitics are hardly ever inserted into any phrases (e. g. ''moj najbolji prijatelj'' "my best friend", ''sutra ujutro'' "tomorrow morning"). In cases like these, clitics normally follow the initial phrase, although some Standard grammar handbooks recommend that they should be placed immediately after the verb (many native speakers find this unnatural).

Examples: 
* ''Ja '''smo''' i on otišli u grad.'' "He and I went to town." (lit. I are and him gone to town) – this is dialectal. 
* ''Ja i on '''smo''' otišli u grad.'' – commonly heard
* ''Ja i on otišli '''smo''' u grad.'' – prescribed by some standard grammars
* ''Moja '''mu je''' starija sestra to rekla.'' "My elder sister told him that." (lit. my to-him is elder sister that say-''participle'') – standard and usual in many dialects 
* ''Moja starija sestra '''mu je''' to rekla.'' – common in many dialects

Clitics are however never inserted after the negative particle ''ne'', which always precedes the verb in Serbo-Croatian, or after prefixes (earlier preverbs), and the interrogative particle ''li'' always immediately follows the verb. Colloquial interrogative particles such as ''da li'', ''dal'', ''jel'' appear in sentence-initial position and are followed by clitics (if there are any).

Examples: 
* ''Ne vidim '''te'''.'' "I don't (or can't) see you." 
* ''Dovedite '''ih'''.'' "Bring them (over here)!" (a prefixed verb: ''do+vedite'') 
* ''Vidiš '''li me'''?'' "Do/can you see me?" 
* ''Vidiš '''li''' sestru?'' "Do you see the sister?" (It is impossible to say, e. g. **Sestru li vidiš?, although ''Sestru vidiš.'' "It's the sister that you see." is natural) 
* ''Jel '''(me)''' vidiš?'' "Do/Can you see (me)?" (colloquial)