Editing Cigarette (section)

===Fire-safe cigarette===
{{main|Fire-safe cigarette}}

Cigarettes are a frequent source of deadly fires in private homes, which prompted both the [[European Union]] and the United States to require cigarettes to be [[Fire safe cigarette|fire-standard compliant]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.lexpansion.com/economie/actualite-high-tech/les-cigarettes-anti-incendie-seront-obligatoires-en-2011_160019.html|access-date=January 2, 2010|title=Les cigarettes anti-incendie seront obligatoires en 2011|language=fr|quote=According to a study made by European union in 16 European countries, 11,000 fires were due to cigarettes between 2005 and 2007. They caused 520 deaths and 1600 injuries.|newspaper=[[L'Express]]|publisher=[[L'Expansion]]|agency=[[Agence France-Presse|AFP]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090223214800/http://www.lexpansion.com/economie/actualite-high-tech/les-cigarettes-anti-incendie-seront-obligatoires-en-2011_160019.html|archive-date=February 23, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,2144,3540489,00.html|access-date=January 2, 2010|title=European Union Pushes for Self-Extinguishing Cigarettes|newspaper=[[Deutsche Welle]]|publisher=[[Deutsche Welle]]|archive-date=February 10, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090210230045/http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,2144,3540489,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

According to Simon Chapman, a professor of public health at the University of Sydney, reduction of burning agents in cigarettes would be a simple and effective means of dramatically reducing the ignition propensity of cigarettes.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,2144,3540489,00.html |title=European Union Pushes for Self-Extinguishing Cigarettes |publisher=Deutsche Welle |access-date=January 1, 2009 |archive-date=February 10, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090210230045/http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,2144,3540489,00.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Since the 1980s, prominent cigarette manufacturers such as [[Philip Morris USA|Philip Morris]] and [[R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company|R.J. Reynolds]] have developed [[fire safe cigarettes]], but Phillip Morris was later the subject of a government lawsuit for allegedly hiding the even greater dangers associated with their brand of such cigarettes.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB108267528721891341 |last=O'Connell |first=Vanessa |date=April 23, 2004 |title=U.S. Suit Alleges Philip Morris Hid Cigarette-Fire Risk |newspaper=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |access-date=February 24, 2019 |archive-date=April 15, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190415184518/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB108267528721891341 |url-status=live }}</ref>

The burn rate of cigarette paper is regulated through the application of different forms of microcrystalline [[cellulose]] to the paper.<ref name=burnRatePatent>{{cite web |url=http://www.freepatentsonline.com/5263999.html |title=Smoking article wrapper for controlling burn rate and method for making same - Philip Morris Incorporated |publisher=Freepatentsonline.com |access-date=March 25, 2012 |archive-date=October 4, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004215504/http://www.freepatentsonline.com/5263999.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Cigarette paper has been specially engineered by creating bands of different porosity to create "fire-safe" cigarettes. These cigarettes have a reduced idle burning speed which allows them to self-extinguish.<ref name=safeburingCigarettes>{{cite web |url=http://firesafecigarettes.org/itemDetail.asp?categoryID=48&itemID=1190&URL=About%20fire-safe%20cigarettes/What%20is%20a%20fire-safe%20cigarette |title=NFPA :: Safety Information :: For consumers :: Causes :: Smoking :: Coalition for Fire-Safe Cigarettes |publisher=Firesafecigarettes.org |access-date=March 25, 2012 |archive-date=August 16, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110816103154/http://firesafecigarettes.org/itemDetail.asp?categoryID=48&itemID=1190&URL=About%20fire-safe%20cigarettes/What%20is%20a%20fire-safe%20cigarette |url-status=live }}</ref> This fire-safe paper is manufactured by mechanically altering the setting of the paper slurry.<ref name=bandedPaperPatent>{{cite web |url=http://www.patentstorm.us/patents/5342484-fulltext.html |title=Method and apparatus for making banded smoking article wrappers - US Patent 5342484 Full Text |publisher=Patentstorm.us |access-date=March 25, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080512113150/http://www.patentstorm.us/patents/5342484-fulltext.html |archive-date=May 12, 2008 }}</ref>

New York was the first U.S. state to mandate that all cigarettes manufactured or sold within the state comply with a fire-safe standard. Canada has passed a similar nationwide mandate based on the same standard. All U.S. states are gradually passing fire-safe mandates.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.firesafecigarettes.org/categoryList.asp?categoryID=77&URL=Legislative%20updates/Adoptions |title=States that have passed fire-safe cigarette laws |publisher=Fire Safe Cigarettes |access-date=March 25, 2012 |archive-date=September 23, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110923040102/http://www.firesafecigarettes.org/categoryList.asp?categoryID=77&URL=Legislative%20updates/Adoptions |url-status=live }}</ref>

The European Union in 2011 banned cigarettes that do not meet a fire-safety standard. According to a study made by the European Union in 16 European countries, 11,000 fires were due to people carelessly handling cigarettes between 2005 and 2007. This caused 520 deaths with 1,600 people injured.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lexpansion.com/economie/actualite-high-tech/les-cigarettes-anti-incendie-seront-obligatoires-en-2011_160019.html |title=Les cigarettes anti-incendie seront obligatoires en 2011 |publisher=Lexpansion.com |language=fr |access-date=November 13, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090223214800/http://www.lexpansion.com/economie/actualite-high-tech/les-cigarettes-anti-incendie-seront-obligatoires-en-2011_160019.html |archive-date=February 23, 2009 }}</ref>