Editing Chennai (section)

==Economy==
{{Main|Economy of Chennai}}
[[File:Dare House,Chennai.jpg|thumb|Dare House, the corporate headquarters of [[Murugappa Group]] in Chennai]]

The economy of Chennai consistently exceeded national average growth rates due to [[Economic reforms in India|reform-oriented]] economic policies in the 1970s.<ref>{{cite report|url=https://www.icrier.org/pdf/wp144.pdf|title=Economic Growth in Indian States|publisher=ICRIER|first=K.L.|last=Krishna|date=September 2004|access-date=22 July 2015|archive-date=24 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924032647/http://www.icrier.org/pdf/wp144.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> With the presence of two major ports, an international airport, and a converging road and rail networks, Chennai is often referred to as the "Gateway to South India".<ref name="OI_Turns375"/><ref>{{cite news|last=Grover|first=Amar|title=Chennai unwrapped: Why the city is the great international gateway to South India|newspaper=The National|date=17 September 2019|url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/lifestyle/travel/chennai-unwrapped-why-the-city-is-the-great-international-gateway-to-south-india-1.911568|access-date=31 December 2021|archive-date=31 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211231145928/https://www.thenationalnews.com/lifestyle/travel/chennai-unwrapped-why-the-city-is-the-great-international-gateway-to-south-india-1.911568|url-status=live}}</ref> According to the [[Globalization and World Cities Research Network]], Chennai is amongst the cities most integrated with the global economy, classified as a [[Global city|beta-city]].<ref>{{cite web|title=The World According to GaWC 2020|url=https://www.lboro.ac.uk/microsites/geography/gawc/world2020t.html|access-date=31 July 2022|website=www.lboro.ac.uk|archive-date=12 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220612112616/https://www.lboro.ac.uk/microsites/geography/gawc/world2020t.html|url-status=live}}</ref> {{As of|2023|March|31|bare=}}, Chennai had an estimated [[GDP]] of $143.9&nbsp;billion, ranking it among the [[List of cities by GDP|most productive metro area]]s in India.<ref name="C40"/><ref name="GDDP"/> Chennai has a diversified industrial base anchored by different sectors including [[automobile]]s, [[software services]], [[Electronic hardware|hardware]], [[healthcare]] and [[financial services]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Making Tamil Nadu future ready|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/making-tamil-nadu-future-ready/articleshow/96338870.cms|newspaper=[[Times of India]]|date=15 October 2022|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=3 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240603084703/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/making-tamil-nadu-future-ready/articleshow/96338870.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite report|url=https://dcmsme.gov.in/publications/traderep/chennai/chennai8.htm|title=Industrial potential in Chennai|publisher=[[Government of Tamil Nadu]]|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=27 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327011055/http://www.dcmsme.gov.in/publications/traderep/chennai/chennai8.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> {{As of|2021}}, Chennai is amongst the top export districts in the country, with more than US$2563 billion in exports.<ref>{{cite press release|url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1780245|title=Top Export Districts in The Country|date=21 December 2021|publisher=[[Government of India]]|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=19 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230619011426/https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1780245|url-status=live}}</ref>
[[File:Tid.jpg|thumb|left|[[Tidel Park]], the first [[Information Technology|IT]] [[Special Economic Zone|SEZ]] in the city]] 
The city has a permanent exhibition complex [[Chennai Trade Centre]] at [[Nandambakkam]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Chennai Trade Centre:A Profile|publisher=India Trade Promotion Organisation|url=https://www.chennaitradecentre.org/|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=6 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231206152622/https://chennaitradecentre.org/|url-status=live}}</ref> The city hosts the [[Tamil Nadu Global Investors Meet]], a business summit organized by the Government of Tamil Nadu.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indianembassybrussels.gov.in/pdf/TN-GIM-Brochure-2019.pdf|title=TN GIM - Brochure New - 13 Nov - TN-GIM-Brochure-2019.pdf|access-date=9 March 2020|archive-date=3 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211103052219/https://indianembassybrussels.gov.in/pdf/TN-GIM-Brochure-2019.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> With about 62% of the population classified as affluent with less than 1% asset-poor, Chennai has the fifth highest number of millionaires.<ref>{{cite news|title=Are you living in the company of the richest individuals|newspaper=[[Business Today (India)|Business Today]]|date=21 September 2022|url=https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/trends/story/are-you-living-in-the-company-of-the-rich-indian-cities-with-the-richest-individuals-347854-2022-09-21|access-date=19 October 2023|archive-date=26 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231226122245/https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/trends/story/are-you-living-in-the-company-of-the-rich-indian-cities-with-the-richest-individuals-347854-2022-09-21|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Aravind|first=Indulekha|title=Chennai swank|newspaper=[[Business Standard]]|date=26 October 2012|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/beyond-business/chennai-swank-112102700056_1.html|access-date=28 December 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804035213/https://www.business-standard.com/article/beyond-business/chennai-swank-112102700056_1.html|archive-date=4 August 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.livemint.com/Politics/DymS22taK4EyAbSYRx0rSO/Where-Indias-affluent-classes-live.html|title=Where Indias affluent classes live|work=Mint|date=8 August 2018|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=26 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231226122248/https://www.livemint.com/Politics/DymS22taK4EyAbSYRx0rSO/Where-Indias-affluent-classes-live.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:ALCOB_Ashok_Leyland_Corporate_Building_in_Guindy,_Chennai.jpg|thumb|Headquarters of major automobile producer [[Ashok Leyland]] in Chennai]]

Chennai is among the major [[Software industry in Chennai|information technology]] (IT) hubs of India.<ref>{{cite news|title=Chennai emerging as India's Silicon Valley?|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/Infotech/Software/Chennai_emerging_as_Indias_Silicon_Valley/articleshow/3000410.cms|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|date=1 May 2008|access-date=28 December 2012|first=Rajesh|last=Chandramouli|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200820000027/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/Infotech/Software/Chennai_emerging_as_Indias_Silicon_Valley/articleshow/3000410.cms|archive-date=20 August 2020}}</ref> [[Tidel Park]], established in 2000, was amongst the first and largest IT parks in Asia.<ref name="fordithub">{{cite news|title=PM opens Asia's largest IT park|url=https://www.ciol.com/pm-asias-largest-it-park-chennai/|date=4 July 2000|publisher=CIOL|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=9 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231209062949/https://www.ciol.com/pm-asias-largest-it-park-chennai/|url-status=live}}</ref> The presence of [[Special Economic Zone|SEZ]]s and government policies have contributed to the growth of the sector, which has attracted foreign investments and job seekers from other parts of the country.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/after-delhi-maharastra-tn-received-highest-fdi-equity-inflows-in-fy15-114113000130_1.html|title=Maharashtra tops FDI equity inflows|newspaper=[[Business Standard]]|date=1 December 2012|access-date=22 July 2015|archive-date=23 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150723070339/http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/after-delhi-maharastra-tn-received-highest-fdi-equity-inflows-in-fy15-114113000130_1.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/tamil-nadu-a-small-step-in-inclusivity-a-giant-leap-in-industry/articleshow/99926653.cms|title=Tamil Nadu: A small step in inclusivity, a giant leap in India|date=2 May 2023|newspaper=[[Times of India]]|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=9 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231209064452/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/tamil-nadu-a-small-step-in-inclusivity-a-giant-leap-in-industry/articleshow/99926653.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> In the 2020s, the city has become a major provider of [[Software as a service|SaaS]] and has been dubbed the "SaaS Capital of India".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.crayondata.com/heres-why-chennai-is-the-saas-capital-of-india/|title=Here's why Chennai is the SAAS capital of India|date=24 August 2018|access-date=1 December 2023|publisher=Crayon|archive-date=6 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506031522/https://www.crayondata.com/heres-why-chennai-is-the-saas-capital-of-india/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/a-silent-saas-revolution-is-brewing-in-chennai/articleshow/67583586.cms|title=A silent SaaS revolution is brewing in Chennai|newspaper=[[Times of India]]|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=15 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200515030121/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/a-silent-saas-revolution-is-brewing-in-chennai/articleshow/67583586.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

The [[automotive industry in Chennai]] accounts for more than 35% of India's overall automotive components and automobile output, earning the nickname "[[Detroit of India]]".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.rediff.com/money/2000/oct/25cars.htm|title=Madras, the Detroit of South Asia|publisher=[[Rediff]]|date=30 April 2004|access-date=22 July 2015|archive-date=24 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924133843/http://www.rediff.com/money/2000/oct/25cars.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=U.S. International Trade Commission|title=Competitive Conditions for Foreign Direct Investment in India, Staff Research Study #30|year=2007|publisher=DIANE Publishing|isbn=978-1-4578-1829-5|pages=2–10|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hMIo-FZXCYEC&pg=SA2-PA10|access-date=26 March 2018|archive-date=28 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328173000/https://books.google.com/books?id=hMIo-FZXCYEC&pg=SA2-PA10#v=onepage&q&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref> A large number of automotive companies have their manufacturing bases in the city.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.moneycontrol.com/news/special-videos/chennai-the-next-global-auto-manufacturing-hub_539405.html|title=Chennai: The next global auto manufacturing hub?|work=CNBC-TV18|access-date=28 December 2012|date=27 April 2011|publisher=[[CNBC]]|archive-date=11 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170111093534/http://www.moneycontrol.com/news/special-videos/chennai-the-next-global-auto-manufacturing-hub_539405.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Integral Coach Factory]] in Chennai manufactures railway coaches and other rolling stock for the [[Indian Railways]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Profile|publisher=Integral Coach Factory|url=https://icf.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,294|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=9 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231209062951/https://icf.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,294|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Ambattur Industrial Estate]] housing various manufacturing units is among the largest small-scale industrial estates in the country.<ref>{{cite news|title=IT parks in Ambattur Estate wallow with space abegging|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=9 January 2013|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/industry-and-economy/info-tech/it-parks-in-ambattur-estate-wallow-with-space-abegging/article4291094.ece?homepage=true&ref=wl_home|access-date=10 January 2013|archive-date=28 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328172933/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/info-tech/|url-status=live}}</ref> Chennai contributes more than 50 per cent of India's leather exports.<ref>{{cite report|title=Development Plan for Chennai Metropolitan Area|publisher=[[Government of India]]|page=13|url=http://www.jnnurm.nic.in/toolkit/CDP_CHENNAI.PDF|access-date=28 December 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080226213256/http://www.jnnurm.nic.in/toolkit/CDP_CHENNAI.PDF|archive-date=26 February 2008}}</ref> Chennai is a major electronics hardware exporter.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/tamil-nadu-emerges-as-top-exporter-of-electronic-goods-tripling-in-a-year-101688499546169.html|title=TN tops in electronic goods' export|date=5 July 2023|access-date=1 December 2023|newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]]|archive-date=9 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231209062949/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/tamil-nadu-emerges-as-top-exporter-of-electronic-goods-tripling-in-a-year-101688499546169.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:Arjun Mk 1.jpg|thumb|left|[[Arjun (tank)|Arjun]] battle tank, manufactured by [[Heavy Vehicles Factory]] at Chennai]]

The city was home to the now-defunct [[Madras Stock Exchange]], India's third-largest by trading volume behind the [[Bombay Stock Exchange]] and the [[National Stock Exchange of India]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Investors told to go in for long term investment, index funds|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Tiruchirapalli/investors-told-to-go-in-for-long-term-investment-index-funds/article3222777.ece|date=25 March 2012|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=28 December 2012|archive-date=4 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804024931/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Tiruchirapalli/investors-told-to-go-in-for-long-term-investment-index-funds/article3222777.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sebi.gov.in/stock-exchanges.html|title=List of Stock exchanges|publisher=SEBI|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=28 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828151333/https://www.sebi.gov.in/stock-exchanges.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Madras Bank, the first European-style banking system in India, was established on 21 June 1683 followed by first commercial banks such as Bank of Hindustan (1770) and General Bank of India (1786).<ref>{{cite news|last=Mukund|first=Kanakalatha|title=Insight into the progress of banking|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|location=Chennai|date=3 April 2007|url=http://www.hindu.com/br/2007/04/03/stories/2007040300301600.htm|access-date=28 December 2012|archive-date=1 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140701143955/http://www.hindu.com/br/2007/04/03/stories/2007040300301600.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Bank of Madras]] merged with two other presidency banks to form [[Imperial Bank of India]] in 1921 which in 1955 became the [[State Bank of India]], the largest bank in India.<ref>{{cite news|last=Kumar|first=Shiv|title=200 years and going strong|newspaper=The Tribune|date=26 June 2005|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2005/20050626/spectrum/main1.htm|access-date=28 December 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804210248/https://www.tribuneindia.com/2005/20050626/spectrum/main1.htm|archive-date=4 August 2020}}</ref> Chennai is the headquarters of [[Banking in India|nationalized banks]] such as [[Indian Bank]] and [[Indian Overseas Bank]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indianbank.in/BranchAddress.htm|title=Indian Bank Head Office|publisher=Indian Bank|access-date=28 December 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070801224238/http://www.indianbank.in/BranchAddress.htm|archive-date=1 August 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=IOB set to takeover Bharat Overseas Bank|work=[[Rediff]]|date=28 January 2006|url=https://www.rediff.com/money/2006/jan/28iob.htm|access-date=28 December 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022215206/https://www.rediff.com/money/2006/jan/28iob.htm|archive-date=22 October 2020}}</ref> Chennai hosts the [[Reserve Bank of India, South Zonal Office|south zonal office]] of the [[Reserve Bank of India]], the country's central bank, along with its zonal training centre and staff College, one of the two colleges run by the bank.<ref>{{cite web|title=RBI staff college|publisher=Reserve Bank of India|url=https://www.rbi.org.in/Scripts/rbsc.aspx|access-date=28 December 2022|archive-date=30 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221130123403/https://rbi.org.in/Scripts/rbsc.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref> The city also houses a [[World Bank office, Chennai|permanent back office]] of the [[World Bank]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/world-bank-expands-footprint-in-city-adds-70k-sqft-back-office-space/articleshow/54860801.cms|title=World Bank expands footprint in city, adds 70k sqft back office|date=5 October 2015|newspaper=[[Times of India]]|access-date=28 December 2022|archive-date=9 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231209064452/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/world-bank-expands-footprint-in-city-adds-70k-sqft-back-office-space/articleshow/54860801.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> About 400 financial industry businesses are headquartered in the city.<ref>{{cite news|last=Shivakumar|first=C.|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2018/feb/28/chennai-finance-city-taking-shape-1779935.html|title=Chennai Finance City taking shape|newspaper=[[New Indian Express]]|date=28 February 2018|access-date=17 March 2019|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107162239/https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2018/feb/28/chennai-finance-city-taking-shape-1779935.html|archive-date=7 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Shivakumar|first=C.|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2019/jun/08/state-of-the-art-commerce-hub-likely-on-anna-salai-1987448.html|title=State-of-the-art commerce hub likely on Anna Salai|newspaper=[[New Indian Express]]|date=8 June 2019|access-date=1 March 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200921100423/https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2019/jun/08/state-of-the-art-commerce-hub-likely-on-anna-salai-1987448.html|archive-date=21 September 2020}}</ref>

[[Defence Research and Development Organisation|DRDO]], India's premier defence research agency, operates various facilities in Chennai.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.drdo.gov.in/whats-new/cvrde-chennai-invites-applications-eligible-candidates-apprenticeship-training|title=CVRDE invites applications|publisher=DRDO|access-date=29 March 2023|archive-date=29 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240629141042/https://www.drdo.gov.in/drdo/whats-new/cvrde-chennai-invites-applications-eligible-candidates-apprenticeship-training|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Heavy Vehicles Factory]] of the [[Armoured Vehicles Nigam Limited|AVANI]], headquartered in Chennai, manufactures [[Armoured fighting vehicle]]s, [[Main battle tank]]s, tank engines and armoured clothing for the use of the [[Indian Armed Forces]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Roche|first1=Elizabeth|title=New defence PSUs will help India become self-reliant: PM|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/pm-urges-restructured-defence-units-to-help-india-become-military-industry-power-11634288891758.html|access-date=16 October 2021|newspaper=Mint|date=15 October 2021|archive-date=22 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221122133224/https://www.livemint.com/news/india/pm-urges-restructured-defence-units-to-help-india-become-military-industry-power-11634288891758.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|title=Seven new defence companies, carved out of OFB, dedicated to the Nation on the occasion of Vijayadashami|url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1764148|access-date=16 October 2021|work=[[Ministry of Defence (India)]]|publisher=[[Press Information Bureau]]|date=5 October 2021|archive-date=14 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230514174348/https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1764148|url-status=live}}</ref> [[ISRO]], the premier Indian space agency primarily responsible for performing tasks related to [[space exploration]], operates research facilities in the city.<ref>{{cite web|title=Indian Space Research Organisation-IITM research cell|url=https://icandsr.iitm.ac.in/isro.html|access-date=22 August 2023|publisher=[[Indian Space Research Organisation]]|archive-date=6 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231206100150/https://icandsr.iitm.ac.in/isro.html|url-status=live}}</ref> As per [[Euromonitor]], Chennai is the fourth-most visited city in India by international tourists and 36th internationally in 2019.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ndtv.com/offbeat/7-indian-cities-on-list-of-worlds-most-popular-city-destinations-in-2019-2143659|title=7 Indian Cities On List Of World's Most Popular City Destinations In 2019|date=5 December 2019|access-date=1 June 2024|work=[[NDTV]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite report|last1=Bremner|first1=Caroline|title=Top 100 City Destinations Ranking|url=http://go.euromonitor.com/rs/805-KOK-719/images/2017%20Top%20100%20Cities%20Destinations%20Final%20Report.pdf|publisher=Euromonitor International|access-date=9 August 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191223093124/http://go.euromonitor.com/rs/805-KOK-719/images/2017%20Top%20100%20Cities%20Destinations%20Final%20Report.pdf|archive-date=23 December 2019}}</ref> [[Medical tourism]] forms an important part of the city's economy, with more than 40% of total medical tourists visiting India making it to Chennai.<ref>{{cite book|title=Medical Tourism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q1Un-gGsozMC&pg=PA71|page=71|last=Connell|first=John|isbn=978-1-84593-660-0|year=2011|access-date=3 July 2020|archive-date=28 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328173511/https://books.google.com/books?id=Q1Un-gGsozMC&pg=PA71#v=onepage&q&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref>