Editing Charles Dickens (section)

==Legacy==
[[File:Dickens and Nell Philly.JPG|thumb|upright|left|[[Dickens and Little Nell (Elwell)|''Dickens and Little Nell'']] statue in [[Philadelphia]], Pennsylvania]]
Museums and festivals celebrating Dickens's life and works exist in many places with which Dickens was associated. These include the [[Charles Dickens Museum]] in London, the historic home where he wrote ''Oliver Twist'', ''The Pickwick Papers'' and ''Nicholas Nickleby''; and the [[Charles Dickens' Birthplace Museum]] in Portsmouth, the house in which he was born.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dickensmuseum.com/history.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070401112626/http://www.dickensmuseum.com/history.htm|url-status=dead|title=Dickens House Museum|archivedate=1 April 2007}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2 March 2012 |title=World celebrates 200th anniversary of Dickens's birth |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-16914295 |access-date=8 February 2025}}</ref> The original manuscripts of many of his novels, as well as printers' proofs, first editions and illustrations from the collection of Dickens's friend John Forster are held at the [[Victoria and Albert Museum]].<ref>{{harvnb|Jones|2004|p=104}}.</ref> Dickens's will stipulated that no memorial be erected in his honour; nonetheless, a life-size bronze statue of Dickens entitled ''[[Dickens and Little Nell (Elwell)|Dickens and Little Nell]]'', cast in 1890 by [[Francis Edwin Elwell]], stands in [[Clark Park]] in the [[Spruce Hill, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|Spruce Hill]] neighbourhood of [[Philadelphia]], Pennsylvania. Another life-size statue of Dickens is located at [[Centennial Park, New South Wales|Centennial Park]] in [[Sydney]], Australia.<ref>[http://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/books/down-under-with-dickens-20120203-1qx21.html "Down Under with Dickens"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210401014621/https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/books/down-under-with-dickens-20120203-1qx21.html |date=1 April 2021}} Sydney Morning Herald". Retrieved 18 February 2014</ref> In 1960 a [[bas-relief]] sculpture of Dickens, notably featuring characters from his books, was commissioned from sculptor Estcourt J Clack to adorn the office building built on the site of his former home at 1 Devonshire Terrace, London.<ref>{{cite web |title=Charles Dickens relief |url=https://www.londonremembers.com/memorials/charles-dickens-relief/ |url-status=live |website=London Remembers |access-date=8 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806122115/https://www.londonremembers.com/memorials/charles-dickens-relief |archive-date=6 August 2020}}</ref> In 2014, a life-size statue was unveiled near his birthplace in Portsmouth on the 202nd anniversary of his birth; this was supported by his great-great-grandsons, Ian and [[Gerald Charles Dickens (actor)|Gerald Dickens]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Kennedy |first=Maev |title=Portsmouth erects Britain's first full-size statue of Charles Dickens |date=6 February 2014 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2014/feb/06/portsmouth-charles-dickens-statue-uk-martin-jennings |work=The Guardian |access-date=26 February 2014 |archive-date=1 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210401020241/https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2014/feb/06/portsmouth-charles-dickens-statue-uk-martin-jennings |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Charles Dickens statue unveiled in Portsmouth |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-hampshire-26090562 |url-status=live |publisher=[[BBC News]] |access-date=14 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140406145045/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-hampshire-26090562 |archive-date=6 April 2014}}</ref>

[[File:Christmas Dinner Setting.jpg|thumb|''A Christmas Carol'' significantly influenced the modern celebration of Christmas in many countries.]]
''A Christmas Carol'' is most probably his best-known story, with frequent new adaptations. It is also the most-filmed of Dickens's stories, with many versions dating from the early years of cinema.<ref name="Callow2009p39">{{harvnb|Callow|2009|p=39}}</ref> According to the historian [[Ronald Hutton]], the current state of the observance of Christmas is largely the result of a mid-Victorian revival of the holiday spearheaded by ''A Christmas Carol''. Dickens catalysed the emerging Christmas as a family-centred festival of generosity, in contrast to the dwindling community-based and church-centred observations, as new middle-class expectations arose.<ref>{{harvnb|Hutton|2001|p=188}}.</ref> Its archetypal figures (Scrooge, Tiny Tim, the Christmas ghosts) entered into Western cultural consciousness. "[[Christmas and holiday season#History of the phrase|Merry Christmas]]", a prominent phrase from the tale, was popularised following the appearance of the story.<ref>{{harvnb|Cochrane|1996|p=126}}.</ref> The term Scrooge became a synonym for miser,<!-- already stated above --> and his exclamation [[Humbug|"Bah! Humbug!'"]], a dismissal of the festive spirit, likewise gained currency as an idiom.<ref>{{harvnb|Robinson|2005|p=316}}.</ref> The Victorian era novelist [[William Makepeace Thackeray]] called the book "a national benefit, and to every man and woman who reads it a personal kindness".<ref name="Callow2009p39"/>

[[File:Charles Dickens statue, Portsmouth - 2023-04-21.jpg|upright=1.1|thumb|left|Statue of Dickens in his birthplace [[Portsmouth]], Hampshire]]
Dickens was commemorated on the [[Banknotes of the pound sterling|£10 note]] issued by the [[Bank of England note issues|Bank of England]] that circulated between 1992 and 2003. His portrait appeared on the reverse of the note accompanied by a scene from ''The Pickwick Papers''.<ref>{{cite news |title=A history of the £10 note - which design is your favourite? |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/money/consumer-affairs/history-10-note-design-favourite/ |access-date=8 February 2025 |newspaper=The Telegraph}}</ref> [[The Charles Dickens School]] is a high school in Broadstairs, Kent.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cds.kent.sch.uk/ |title=The Charles Dickens School |publisher=Cds.kent.sch.uk |date=11 November 2012 |access-date=8 February 2025}}</ref> A theme park, [[Dickens World]], was open in [[Chatham, Kent|Chatham]] from 2007 to 2016. To celebrate the 200th anniversary of his birth in 2012, the [[Museum of London]] held the UK's first major exhibition on the author in 40 years.<ref>{{harvnb|Werner|2011}}.</ref> In 2002, Dickens was number 41 in the [[BBC]]'s poll of the [[100 Greatest Britons]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/programmes/greatbritons/list.shtml/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021204214727/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/programmes/greatbritons/list.shtml/ |archive-date=4 December 2002 |title=BBC&nbsp;– Great Britons&nbsp;– Top 100 |work=[[Internet Archive]] |access-date=20 April 2013}}</ref> American literary critic [[Harold Bloom]] placed Dickens among the [[The Western Canon: The Books and School of the Ages|greatest Western writers of all time]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Bloom |first=Harold |author-link=Harold Bloom |year=1994 |title=The Western Canon: The Books and School of the Ages |page=[https://archive.org/details/westerncanonbook00bloorich/page/226 226] |location=New York |publisher=Harcourt Brace |isbn=0-15-195747-9 |url=https://archive.org/details/westerncanonbook00bloorich/page/226}}</ref> In the 2003 UK survey [[The Big Read]] carried out by the BBC, five of Dickens's books were named in the [[The Big Read#Top 200 novels in the United Kingdom|Top 100]].<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/arts/bigread/top100.shtml "The Big Read: Top 100 Books"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121031065136/http://www.bbc.co.uk/arts/bigread/top100.shtml |date=31 October 2012}}. [[BBC]]. Retrieved 2 April 2011</ref>

Actors who have portrayed Dickens on screen include [[Anthony Hopkins]], [[Derek Jacobi]], [[Simon Callow]], [[Dan Stevens]] and [[Ralph Fiennes]], the latter playing the author in ''[[The Invisible Woman (2013 film)|The Invisible Woman]]'' (2013) which depicts Dickens's alleged secret love affair with Ellen Ternan which lasted for thirteen years until his death in 1870.<ref>{{cite news |title=First pictures released of Ralph Fiennes as Charles Dickens |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/film-news/9274910/First-pictures-released-of-Ralph-Fiennes-as-Charles-Dickens.html |access-date=28 April 2021 |newspaper=The Telegraph |archive-date=28 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210428170631/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/film-news/9274910/First-pictures-released-of-Ralph-Fiennes-as-Charles-Dickens.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:Rus Stamp Dickens.jpg|thumb|upright|Soviet postage stamp commemorating Dickens]]
Dickens and his publications have appeared on a number of postage stamps in countries including: the United Kingdom (1970, 1993, 2011 and 2012 issued by the [[Royal Mail]]—their [[Great Britain commemorative stamps 2010–2019#2012|2012 collection]] marked the bicentenary of Dickens's birth),<ref>{{cite news |title=The Royal Mail unveils special Charles Dickens stamps |url=https://www.itv.com/news/2012-06-18/charles-dickens-inspired-stamps-released |access-date=27 September 2022 |publisher=ITV}}</ref> the Soviet Union (1962), Antigua, Barbuda, Botswana, Cameroon, Dubai, Fujairah, St Lucia and Turks and Caicos Islands (1970), St Vincent (1987), Nevis (2007), [[List of postage stamps of Alderney|Alderney]], Gibraltar, Jersey and Pitcairn Islands (2012), Austria (2013) and Mozambique (2014).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://blogs.usyd.edu.au/sydneypublishing/2011/08/on_dickens_and_postage_stamps_1.html |first=Agata |last=Mrva-Montoya |title=On Dickens and postage stamps |publisher=University of Sydney |date=August 2011 |access-date=25 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190226045748/http://blogs.usyd.edu.au/sydneypublishing/2011/08/on_dickens_and_postage_stamps_1.html |archive-date=26 February 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref> In 1976, a [[Dickens (crater)|crater]] on the planet [[Mercury (planet)|Mercury]] was named in his honour.<ref>{{cite web |title=Dickens |url=http://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/1527 |work=Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature |publisher=[[NASA]] |access-date=10 March 2022}}</ref>

In November 2018 it was reported that a previously lost portrait of a 31-year-old Dickens, by [[Margaret Gillies]], had been found in [[Pietermaritzburg]], South Africa. Gillies was an early supporter of [[women's suffrage]] and had painted the portrait in late 1843 when Dickens, aged 31, wrote ''A Christmas Carol''. It was exhibited, to acclaim, at the [[Royal Academy of Arts]] in 1844.<ref name="Brown">{{cite news |last=Brown |first=Mark |title=Lost portrait of Charles Dickens turns up at auction in South Africa |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/nov/21/lost-portrait-charles-dickens-turns-up-auction-south-africa-margaret-gillies |access-date=22 November 2018 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=21 November 2018 |archive-date=22 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181122010134/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/nov/21/lost-portrait-charles-dickens-turns-up-auction-south-africa-margaret-gillies |url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Charles Dickens Museum]] is reported to have paid £180,000 for the portrait.<ref>{{cite web|title=Lost Portrait Appeal Campaign|url=https://dickensmuseum.com/pages/lost-portrait-appeal-campaign|website=Charles Dickens Museum}}</ref>