Editing Calais (section)

===Monuments and memorials===
[[File:Calais statue bourgeois.jpg|thumb|right|''[[The Burghers of Calais]]'']]
[[File:Calais colonne louis XVIII.JPG|thumb|right|Louis XVIII column]]

Directly in front of the town hall is a bronze cast of ''Les Bourgeois de Calais'' ("[[The Burghers of Calais]]"), a sculpture by [[Auguste Rodin]] to commemorate six men who were to have been executed by Edward III in 1347.  The cast was erected in 1895, funded by a public grant of 10,000 francs.<ref name="ElsenJamison2003" /> Rodin (who based his design on a fourteenth-century account by [[Jean Froissart]]) intended to evoke the viewer's sympathy by emphasizing the pained expressions of the faces of the six men about to be executed.<ref name="ElsenJamison2003" />

The ''Monument des Sauveteurs'' ("Rescuers' Monument") was installed in 1899 on Boulevard des Alliés, and transferred to the Quartier of Courgain in 1960.  It is a bronze sculpture, attributed to [[Edward Lormier]]. The ''Monument Le Pluviôse'' is a {{convert|620|kg|0|abbr=on}} bronze monument built in 1912 by [[Émile Oscar Guillaume]] on the centre of the roundabout near the beach of Calais, commemorating the accidental sinking of the submarine ''[[French submarine Pluviôse (Q51)|Pluviôse]]'' in May 1910, off the beach by the steamer ''Pas de Calais''.<ref name="Chisholm1913">{{Cite book |last=Chisholm |first=Hugh |url=https://archive.org/details/britannicayearb00chisgoog |title=The Britannica year book |publisher=The Encyclopœdia Britannica Company, Ltd. |year=1913 |access-date=5 February 2012}}</ref> [[Armand Fallières]], president of the Republic, and his government came to Calais for a state funeral for its 27 victims.  One of these victims, Delpierre Auguste, (1889–1910), drowned at age 21 before the beach at Calais; a dock in the city is named for him.  The monument was dedicated on 22 June 1913.

Monument "Jacquard" was erected on the square in 1910, opposite the entrance to the Calais theatre.  It commemorates [[Joseph Marie Jacquard]], popular in Calais because of his contribution to the development of lace through his invention of the [[Jacquard loom]].<ref name="MuirheadMonmarché1930">{{Cite book |last1=Muirhead |first1=Findlay |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f-lnAAAAMAAJ |title=North-eastern France |last2=Monmarché |first2=Marcel |publisher=Macmillan & co. ltd |year=1930 |pages=16–17 |access-date=5 February 2012}}</ref> A tall [[Louis XVIII column|column]] in the Courgain area of the city commemorates a visit by [[Louis XVIII]].

''Parc Richelieu'', a garden behind the war memorial, was built in 1862 on the old city ramparts and redesigned in 1956.<ref name="(France)1986">{{Cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=x1IpAQAAIAAJ |title=Monuments historiques |date=1 January 1986 |publisher=Caisse nationale des monuments historiques |access-date=5 February 2012}}</ref> It contains a statue designed by [[Yves de Coëtlogon]] in 1962, remembering both world wars with an allegorical figure, representing Peace, which clutches an olive branch to her breast.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Richelieu Garden|url=http://www.calais.ws/ParcRichelieu.htm|access-date=5 February 2012|publisher=Calais.ws|first1=June|first2=Len|last1=Riddell|last2=Riddell|archive-date=1 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120201224401/http://www.calais.ws/ParcRichelieu.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Another monument in the Parc Richelieu, erected on 23 April 1994, marks the approximate site of [[Emma, Lady Hamilton]]'s last resting place. She died in Calais on 15 January 1815.<ref name = Brayne>Brayne, Martin (2016), ''Gone to the Continent: the British in Calais, 1760–1860''</ref>