Editing Calabria (section)

===Agriculture===
[[File:Kalabrien-Olivenernte.JPG|thumb|Calabrian olive tree plantations]]
Calabria is agriculturally rich, with the Italy's second highest number of [[organic farm]]ers after [[Sicily]].<ref name="imagelinenetwork">{{cite web |url=http://agronotizie.imagelinenetwork.com/agricoltura-economia-politica/2010/07/13/biologico-l-italia-resta-prima-in-europa/9665 |title=Biologico, l'Italia resta prima in Europa – AgroNotizie – Economia e politica |publisher=agronotizie.imagelinenetwork.com |access-date=24 October 2015 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304074558/http://agronotizie.imagelinenetwork.com/agricoltura-economia-politica/2010/07/13/biologico-l-italia-resta-prima-in-europa/9665 |url-status=live }}</ref>

The [[red onion]] of [[Tropea]] is cultivated during summer period on the Tyrrhenian coast of central Calabria.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.consorziocipollatropeaigp.com/cipolla-rossa-di-tropea-calabria-igp/il-territorio.html |title=Il Territorio |publisher=Consorzio Cipolla Rossa di Tropea Calabria IGP |language=it |access-date=25 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190703173435/http://www.consorziocipollatropeaigp.com/cipolla-rossa-di-tropea-calabria-igp/il-territorio.html |archive-date=3 July 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref> It has been awarded with the [[protected geographical indication]] (PGI).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.consorziocipollatropeaigp.com/ |title=Consorzio Cipolla di Tropea IGP |access-date=1 December 2020 |archive-date=12 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110612032846/http://www.consorziocipollatropeaigp.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

The [[olive tree]] represents 29.6% of utilized agricultural area (UAA) and approximately 70% of tree crops.<ref name="Ref-1">{{cite web |url=http://circa.europa.eu/irc/dsis/regportraits/info/data/en/itf6_eco.htm |title=Portraits of the Regions |date=March 2004 |publisher=DG REGIO of the [[European Commission]] |access-date=8 September 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721131819/http://circa.europa.eu/irc/dsis/regportraits/info/data/en/itf6_eco.htm |archive-date=21 July 2011}}</ref> Olive tree cultivation extends from coastal lowland areas to hilly and lower mountainous areas.
The region is the second-highest for [[olive oil]] production with Carolea, Ogliarola, and Saracena olives as the main regional varieties.<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20151102230120/http://oliveoilsindia.com/Italian-Olives.htm Italian olives]}} Retrieved 3 July 2018</ref>

In Calabria, there are 3 [[Protected designation of origin|PDO]] oils: "Bruzio" in the province of [[Cosenza]], "Lametia" in the area of [[Lamezia Terme]] and the more recent "Alto Crotonese".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.peperoncinodicalabria.it/olio-calabrese/olio-dop/ |title=PDO Oil: Calabrian extra virgin olive oil |date=26 February 2018 |language=it |access-date=1 December 2020 |archive-date=14 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514233719/https://www.peperoncinodicalabria.it/olio-calabrese/olio-dop/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In addition to DOP oils there are also [[Protected geographical indication|PGI]] oils. The production area of "Olio di Calabria" PGI includes the entire territory of the Calabria region. The production is made exclusively from indigenous olives.

Calabria produces about a quarter of Italy's [[citrus fruit]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.incalabria.eu/2016/01/19/calabria-vertici-produzione-agrumi/ |language=it |title=Calabria at the top of citrus fruit production |date=19 January 2016 |access-date=1 December 2020 |archive-date=29 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201229195935/https://www.incalabria.eu/2016/01/19/calabria-vertici-produzione-agrumi/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://smaf-ltd.com/wordpress/?p=2087 |title=Fascinating Calabria: The Oranges perfume – SMAF Ltd |access-date=1 December 2020 |archive-date=15 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211015181145/http://smaf-ltd.com/wordpress/?p=2087 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://ourlivesinitaly.com/bergamot-and-cedro-the-citrus-fruits-of-calabria |title=Bergamot and Cedro – The Citrus Fruits of Calabria |website=ourlivesinitaly.com |date=8 August 2020 |access-date=31 August 2021 |archive-date=20 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210920162144/https://ourlivesinitaly.com/bergamot-and-cedro-the-citrus-fruits-of-calabria |url-status=live }}</ref> The contribution of this region to growing citrus fruit in Italy can be attributed mainly to [[clementine]]s, [[orange (fruit)|oranges]], [[mandarin orange|mandarins]] and [[lemon]]s. Calabria is by far the country's most important clementine-growing region, which account for about 62% (16,164 ha) of the Italian surface dedicated to its cultivation and 69% (437,800 tons) of the total production.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://dati.istat.it/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=DCSP_COLTIVAZIONI |title=ISTAT. Istituto Nazionale di Statistica. Statistical Database. 2018 |access-date=1 December 2020 |archive-date=16 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190516151758/http://dati.istat.it/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=DCSP_COLTIVAZIONI |url-status=live }}</ref> Clementina di Calabria is the PGI variety grown in the Calabria region.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Hicham Benabdelkamel |author2=Leonardo Di Donna |author3=Fabio Mazzotti |author4=Attilio Naccarato |author5=Giovanni Sindona |author6=Antonio Tagarelli |author7=Domenico Taverna |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/223994935 |title=Authenticity of PGI "Clementine of Calabria" by Multielement Fingerprint |journal=J. Agric. Food Chem. |year=2012 |volume=60 |number=14 |pages=3717–3726 |doi=10.1021/jf2050075 |pmid=22458691|bibcode=2012JAFC...60.3717B }}</ref> Also [[Citrus myrtifolia|chinotto]] is cultivated and used to produce [[carbonated soft drink]] with the [[Chinotto (drink)|same name]].
 
[[File: Etrog5812.jpg|thumb|Citron]]
Minor fruits such as [[Bergamot orange|bergamot]] and [[citron]] and lemon-citron hybrids are found exclusively in Calabria. The south coast of the region produces 90% of the world's bergamots, with a huge industry built around the extraction of bergamot oil.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://www.givaudan.com/sustainability/sourcing-for-shared-value/working-together/italy-bergamot |title=Italy: Responsibly sourcing bergamot from Calabria |access-date=3 December 2020 |archive-date=27 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027091954/https://www.givaudan.com/sustainability/sourcing-for-shared-value/working-together/italy-bergamot |url-status=live }}</ref> According to Harvard Atlas of Economic Complexity, last year with Italian net export of bergamot oil was 2009 in value of $253,000, after that between 2010 and 2018 was no export of it.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://atlas.cid.harvard.edu/explore?country=undefined&product=6457&year=2009&productClass=HS&tradeFlow=Net&target=Product&partner=undefined&startYear=undefined |title=Net bergamot oil export in 2009 |access-date=14 May 2021 |archive-date=14 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514193155/https://atlas.cid.harvard.edu/explore?country=undefined&product=6457&year=2009&productClass=HS&tradeFlow=Net&target=Product&partner=undefined&startYear=undefined |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://atlas.cid.harvard.edu/explore?country=undefined&product=6457&year=2018&productClass=HS&tradeFlow=Net&target=Product&partner=undefined&startYear=undefined |title=Net bergamot oil export in 2018 |access-date=14 May 2021 |archive-date=14 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514193155/https://atlas.cid.harvard.edu/explore?country=undefined&product=6457&year=2018&productClass=HS&tradeFlow=Net&target=Product&partner=undefined&startYear=undefined |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[Bergamot orange]] has been intensively cultivated since the 18th century,<ref>{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/storiadireggiod00bolagoog |title=Storia di Reggio di Calabria da'tempi primitivi sino all'anno di Cristo 1797 |publisher=Stamp. del Fibreno |page=[https://archive.org/details/storiadireggiod00bolagoog/page/n320 297] |year=1857 |last1=Bolani |first1=Domenico Spano}}</ref> but only in the coastal area nearby to [[Reggio di Calabria|Reggio]], where geological and weather conditions are optimal. The [[Chabad]] Hasidic dynasty have a preference to take [[citron]]s ("Etrog") from this region for the [[Sukkot]] festival.<ref>{{Cite web |title=For Crown Heights Jews, An Italian Twist on an Ancient Tradition |url=https://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/20120927/crown-heights/for-crown-heights-jews-italian-twist-on-ancient-tradition |access-date=2021-08-11 |website=DNAinfo New York |archive-date=18 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171118060750/https://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/20120927/crown-heights/for-crown-heights-jews-italian-twist-on-ancient-tradition/ |url-status=dead}}</ref>

There is special research [[Stazione Sperimentale per le Industrie delle Essenze e dei Derivati dagli Agrumi|Experimental Station for the Industry of the Essential oils and Citrus products]] in [[Reggio di Calabria]].
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Italian Export of<br> citrus oils<br> in 2018<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://atlas.cid.harvard.edu/explore?country=undefined&product=1037&year=2018&productClass=HS&tradeFlow=Net&target=Product&partner=undefined&startYear=undefined |title=Export of essential oils in 2018 |access-date=14 May 2021 |archive-date=14 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514195753/https://atlas.cid.harvard.edu/explore?country=undefined&product=1037&year=2018&productClass=HS&tradeFlow=Net&target=Product&partner=undefined&startYear=undefined |url-status=live }}</ref>
!Value
|-
|[[Bergamot orange|Bergamot]]
|style="text-align:right;"|$2,555,000
|-
|Orange
|style="text-align:right;"|$3,770,000
|-
|[[Lemon]]
|style="text-align:right;"|$60,100,000
|-
|[[Lime (fruit)|Lime]]
|style="text-align:right;"|$0
|-
|Citrus, nes
|style="text-align:right;"|$75,400,000
|-
|[[Jasmine]]
|style="text-align:right;"|$0
|}

The [[province of Cosenza]] represents an important area for [[Common fig|figs]] growing belonging to cultivar "Dottato" that is used to produce the quality-branded dried figs "Fichi di Cosenza" PDO ([[protected designation of origin]]).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.quattrocalici.it/denominazioni/fichi-di-cosenza-dop/ |title=Fichi di Cosenza DOP |language=it |access-date=1 December 2020 |archive-date=7 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210507032508/https://www.quattrocalici.it/denominazioni/fichi-di-cosenza-dop/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[Cherimoya|anona cherimoya]], a plant of tropical origin cultivated in Europe only in [[Reggio di Calabria]] and Spain.

In the [[province of Catanzaro]], between [[San Floro]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.italy24.ilsole24ore.com/art/business-and-economy/2016-02-08/the-silkworm-tradition-restarts-catanzaro-but-there-is-need-for-spinning-mill-da-titolare-163157.php?uuid=ACeHF0PC |title=Two young silkworm breeders revive an ancient silk tradition in rugged Calabria |access-date=2 February 2021 |archive-date=13 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513092345/http://www.italy24.ilsole24ore.com/art/business-and-economy/2016-02-08/the-silkworm-tradition-restarts-catanzaro-but-there-is-need-for-spinning-mill-da-titolare-163157.php?uuid=ACeHF0PC |url-status=dead}}</ref> and [[Cortale]],<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/03/02/news/italian-fashion-many-yarns-spin-a-revival-in-calabria.html |title=ITALIAN FASHION: Many Yarns Spin a Revival in Calabria |newspaper=The New York Times |date=2 March 2001 |access-date=2 February 2021 |last1=Singleton |first1=Kate |archive-date=7 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210207210819/https://www.nytimes.com/2001/03/02/news/italian-fashion-many-yarns-spin-a-revival-in-calabria.html |url-status=live }}</ref> the ancient tradition of [[sericulture]] is still kept alive, thanks to young generations.

Calabria is the largest producer of [[Boletus edulis|porcini mushrooms]] in Italy, thanks to the heavily wooded forests of the mountains ranges of [[Pollino]], [[La Sila|Sila]], [[Serre calabresi|Serre]] and [[Aspromonte]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://globalepicurean.com/locations/calabria |title=Calabria |website=Global Epicurean |access-date=5 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150920024346/http://globalepicurean.com/locations/calabria/ |archive-date=20 September 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.madeinsouthitalytoday.com/from-the-tyrrhenian-to-the-ionian.php |title=Calabria itineraries from the Tyrrhenian to the Ionian |website=www.madeinsouthitalytoday.com |access-date=5 March 2016 |archive-date=7 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307080339/http://www.madeinsouthitalytoday.com/from-the-tyrrhenian-to-the-ionian.php |url-status=live }}</ref>  In addition to porcini mushrooms, [[Lactarius deliciosus|red pine mushrooms (rositio)]] are also produced.  [[Chestnut]] production is also widespread in the Calabrian mountains.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Italy/Agriculture-forestry-and-fishing |title=Italy – Agriculture, forestry and fishing |access-date=3 December 2020 |archive-date=4 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201204161317/https://www.britannica.com/place/Italy/Agriculture-forestry-and-fishing |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[Peaches]] and nectarines from Calabria have greatly improved in terms of flavour, quality, safety and service. A part of the production is sold on the domestic market, mainly to retailers. The remaining is exported to Northern Europe, mainly [[Scandinavia]] and Germany.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.freshplaza.com/article/2137774/italy-peaches-and-nectrarines-from-calabria-to-northern-europe/ |title=Italy: Peaches and nectrarines from Calabria to Northern Europe |date=3 April 2015 |access-date=3 December 2020 |archive-date=18 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418062844/https://www.freshplaza.com/article/2137774/italy-peaches-and-nectrarines-from-calabria-to-northern-europe/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

The region boasts a very ancient tradition in the cultivation and production of [[liquorice]]. The eighty percent of the national production is concentrated in this region.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.greatitalianchefs.com/features/amarelli-liquorice-black-gold-calabria |title=Liquorice: black gold in Calabria |access-date=1 December 2020 |archive-date=26 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126092332/https://www.greatitalianchefs.com/features/amarelli-liquorice-black-gold-calabria |url-status=live }}</ref>

Calabria has long coast and produce some distinctive fish products:
<gallery>
Bottarga tonno (fette).jpg|''[[Bottarga#Italy|Bottarga]] di [[Atlantic bluefin tuna|tonno]]''
Sardella.jpg|[[:it:Sardella|''Sardella calabrese'']]
Xiphias_gladius_stuffed.jpg|[[Swordfish]]
Percoca.jpg|''Percoca'' (variety of [[peach]])

</gallery>