Editing Business ethics (section)

==International issues==
While business ethics emerged as a field in the 1970s, international business ethics did not emerge until the late 1990s, looking back on the international developments of that decade.<ref>{{cite book|first=Georges|last=Enderle|year=1999|title=International Business Ethics|page=1|publisher=[[University of Notre Dame Press]]|isbn=0-268-01214-8}}</ref> Many new practical issues arose out of the international context of business. Theoretical issues such as cultural relativity of ethical values receive more emphasis in this field. Other, older issues can be grouped here as well. Issues and subfields include:

*The search for universal values as a basis for international commercial behavior
*Comparison of business ethical traditions in different countries and on the basis of their respective GDP and corruption rankings
*Comparison of business ethical traditions from various religious perspectives
*Ethical issues arising out of international business transactions—e.g., [[bioprospecting]] and biopiracy in the pharmaceutical industry; the [[fair trade]] movement; [[transfer pricing]].
*Issues such as [[globalization]] and [[cultural imperialism]]
*Varying global standards—e.g., the use of [[child labor]]
*The way in which multinationals take advantage of international differences, such as outsourcing production (e.g. clothes) and services (e.g. call centers) to low-wage countries
*The permissibility of international commerce with pariah states

Foreign countries often use dumping as a competitive threat, selling products at prices lower than their normal value. This can lead to problems in domestic markets. It becomes difficult for these markets to compete with the pricing set by foreign markets. In 2009, the International Trade Commission has been researching anti-dumping laws. Dumping is often seen as an ethical issue, as larger companies are taking advantage of other less economically advanced companies.