Editing Bruce Lee (section)

=== Family ===
Lee's father, [[Lee Hoi-chuen]], was one of the leading [[Cantonese opera]] and film actors at the time and was embarking on a year-long opera tour with his family on the eve of the [[Battle of Hong Kong|Japanese invasion of Hong Kong]]. Lee Hoi-chuen had been touring the United States for many years and performing in numerous Chinese communities there.{{citation needed|date=July 2024}}

Although many of his peers decided to stay in the US, Lee Hoi-chuen returned to Hong Kong after Bruce's birth. Within months, Hong Kong was invaded and the Lees lived for three years and eight months under [[Japanese occupation of Hong Kong|Japanese occupation]]. After the war ended, Lee Hoi-chuen resumed his acting career and became a more popular actor during Hong Kong's rebuilding years.{{citation needed|date=July 2024}}

Lee's mother, Grace Ho, was from one of the wealthiest and most powerful clans in Hong Kong, the Ho-tungs. She was the half-niece of [[Robert Hotung|Sir Robert Ho-tung]],<ref name="People's Republic of China">{{cite web |url=http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/ce/Museum/Monument/form/147meeting/AAB-46%20Annex%20B.pdf |title=Kom Tong Hall at 7 Castle Road, Mid-levels, Hong Kong |publisher=People's Republic of China|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110612034159/http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/ce/Museum/Monument/form/147meeting/AAB-46%20Annex%20B.pdf|archive-date=June 12, 2011|access-date=September 12, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/CE/Museum/History/en/pspecial_8.php |title=Kom Tong Hall and the Dr Sun Yat-sen Museum |date=January 10, 2005 |publisher=People's Republic of China|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100818100840/http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/CE/Museum/History/en/pspecial_8.php|archive-date=August 18, 2010|access-date=September 12, 2010}}</ref> the Eurasian patriarch of the clan. As such, the young Bruce Lee grew up in an affluent and privileged environment. Despite the advantage of his family's status, the neighborhood in which Lee grew up became overcrowded, dangerous, and full of gang rivalries due to an influx of refugees fleeing [[China|communist China]] for Hong Kong, at that time a British [[Crown Colony]].<ref name="Bruce Lee 2002" />

Grace Ho is reported as either the adopted or biological daughter of Ho Kom-tong (Ho Gumtong, {{lang|zh|何甘棠}}) and the half-niece of [[Robert Hotung|Sir Robert Ho-tung]], both notable Hong Kong businessmen and philanthropists.<ref name="People's Republic of China" /> Bruce was the fourth of five children: Phoebe Lee ({{lang|zh|李秋源}}), Agnes Lee ({{lang|zh|李秋鳳}}), [[Peter Lee Jung-sum|Peter Lee]], and [[Robert Lee Jun-fai|Robert Lee]].{{citation needed|date=July 2024}}

[[File:Bruce Lee - son.jpg|thumb|upright|Bruce Lee with his son Brandon in 1966|alt=|right]]
Grace's parentage remains unclear. Linda Lee, in her 1989 biography ''The Bruce Lee Story'', suggests that Grace had a German father and was a Catholic.<ref name="harvnb|Lee|1989" /> Bruce Thomas, in his 1994 biography ''Bruce Lee: Fighting Spirit'', suggests that Grace had a Chinese mother and a German father.<ref name="Thomas1994page3">{{cite book |author=Bruce Thomas |url=https://archive.org/details/bruceleefighting0000thom_d0z5 |title=Bruce Lee: Fighting Spirit : a Biography |publisher=Frog Books |year=1994 |isbn=978-1-883319-25-0 |page=3}}</ref> Lee's relative Eric Peter Ho, in his 2010 book ''Tracing My Children's Lineage'', suggests that Grace was born in Shanghai to a Eurasian woman named Cheung King-sin.<ref name="Russo" /> Eric Peter Ho said that Grace Lee was the daughter of a mixed-race Shanghainese woman and her father was Ho Kom Tong. Grace Lee herself reported that her mother was English and her father was Chinese.<ref name="Russo">{{cite news |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/was-bruce-lee-of-english-descent/ |title=Was Bruce Lee of English Descent? |last=Russo |first=Charles |date=May 18, 2016 |work=VICE Fightland|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161025083142/http://fightland.vice.com/blog/was-bruce-lee-of-english-descent|archive-date=October 25, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S0MuDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA50 |title=Striking Distance: Bruce Lee and the Dawn of Martial Arts in America |last=Russo |first=Charles |publisher=U of Nebraska Press |year=2016 |isbn=978-0-8032-9051-8 |edition=reprint |page=50|access-date=May 23, 2018|archive-date=April 6, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190406011831/https://books.google.com/books?id=S0MuDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA50|url-status=live}}</ref> Fredda Dudley Balling said Grace Lee was three-quarters Chinese and one-quarter British.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o7iHCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA36 |title=Words of the Dragon: Interviews, 1958–1973 |last=Balling |first=Fredda Dudley |date=2017 |publisher=Tuttle Publishing |isbn=978-1-4629-1787-7|editor-last=Little|editor-first=John |page=35|access-date=May 23, 2018|archive-date=April 5, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190405114550/https://books.google.com/books?id=o7iHCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA36|url-status=live}}</ref>

In the 2018 biography ''Bruce Lee: A Life'', [[Matthew Polly]] identifies Lee's maternal grandfather as Ho Kom-tong, who had often been reported as his adoptive grandfather. Ho Kom-tong's father, Charles Maurice Bosman,<ref>[[Geneanet]], [https://gw.geneanet.org/tdowling?lang=en&pz=timothy+michael&nz=dowling&p=charles+henry+maurice&n=bosman Charles Henry Maurice Bosman] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221118064810/https://gw.geneanet.org/tdowling?lang=en&pz=timothy+michael&nz=dowling&p=charles+henry+maurice&n=bosman |date=November 18, 2022 }}, accessed May 1, 2021</ref> was a Dutch Jewish businessman from [[Rotterdam]].{{sfn|Polly|2018|pp=12–15}} He moved to Hong Kong with the [[Dutch East India Company]] and served as the Dutch consul to Hong Kong at one time. He had a Chinese concubine named Sze Tai with whom he had six children, including Ho Kom Tong. Bosman subsequently abandoned his family and immigrated to California.{{sfn|Polly|2018|p=12}} Ho Kom Tong became a wealthy businessman with a wife, 13&nbsp;concubines, and a British mistress who gave birth to Grace Ho.{{sfn|Polly|2018|p=13}}<ref name="LeibovitzJewish">{{cite magazine |last1=Leibovitz |first1=Liel |date=June 1, 2018 |title=Bruce Lee Was Jewish! |url=http://www.tabletmag.com/scroll/263301/bruce-lee-was-jewish |magazine=[[Tablet (magazine)|Tablet]]|access-date=June 5, 2018|archive-date=June 15, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615190559/http://www.tabletmag.com/scroll/263301/bruce-lee-was-jewish|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="RogovoyJewiish">{{cite news |url=https://forward.com/culture/402501/wait-bruce-lee-was-jewish/ |title=Wait, Bruce Lee Was Jewish? |last1=Rogovoy |first1=Seth |date=June 5, 2018|access-date=June 6, 2018 |publisher=[[The Forward]]|archive-date=June 14, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180614140307/https://forward.com/culture/402501/wait-bruce-lee-was-jewish/|url-status=live}}</ref>

His younger brother [[Robert Lee Jun-fai]] is a musician and singer; he performed in the Hong Kong group The Thunderbirds.<ref>Web UK Online, Bruce Lee Articles [http://web.ukonline.co.uk/ray.d8/article2.html In The Shadow Of A Legend – Robert Lee Remembers Bruce Lee by Steve Rubinstein] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090330130557/http://web.ukonline.co.uk/ray.d8/article2.html|date=March 30, 2009}}</ref><ref>Trans World 60's Punk [http://60spunk.m78.com/hongkong.html Hong Kong 60s Re-capture] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070307120021/http://60spunk.m78.com/hongkong.html |date=March 7, 2007 }}</ref><ref>Tofu [https://archive.today/2012.09.14-171316/http://www.tofu-magazine.net/newVersion/pages/gogo.html An introduction to the music scene which flourished in Hong Kong, Macau and Singapore in 1964–1969] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221118064802/https://archive.today/2012.09.14-171316/http://www.tofu-magazine.net/newVersion/pages/gogo.html |date=November 18, 2022 }}</ref> A few singles were sung mostly or all in English. Also released was Lee singing a duet with [[Irene Ryder]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mypaper.pchome.com.tw/news/chrishui/3/1270821034/20060628223210/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117212928/https://www.pchome.com.tw/?ref=mypaper|url-status=dead|title=Robert Lee – The Thunderbirds|archivedate=November 17, 2020}}</ref> Lee Jun-fai lived with Lee in Los Angeles in the United States and stayed. After Lee's death, Lee Jun-fai released an album and a single by the same name dedicated to Lee called "The Ballad of Bruce Lee".<ref>EAMS Compilation Projekt [http://eamscompilationprojekt.blogspot.com/2008_08_01_archive.html EAMS Compilation Vol. 20 – Rare Raritäten] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180807001711/http://eamscompilationprojekt.blogspot.com/2008_08_01_archive.html |date=August 7, 2018 }}</ref>

While studying at the [[University of Washington]] he met his future wife [[Linda Emery]], a fellow student studying to become a teacher. As relations between [[Anti-miscegenation laws|people of different races were still banned]] in many US states, they married in secret in August 1964.{{sfn|Polly|2018|p=140}} Lee had two children with Linda: [[Brandon Lee|Brandon]] (1965–1993) and [[Shannon Lee]] (born 1969). Upon's Lee passing in 1973, she continued to promote Bruce Lee's martial art Jeet Kune Do. She wrote the 1975 book ''[[Bruce Lee: The Man Only I Knew]]'', on which the 1993 feature film ''[[Dragon: The Bruce Lee Story]]'' was based.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1992-10-25-ca-1095-story.html |title=ON LOCATION : Re-Enter the Dragon : A film biography of kung fu king Bruce Lee, who died almost 20 years ago, weaves martial arts action with an interracial love story |date=October 25, 1992 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US|access-date=November 15, 2019|archive-date=August 6, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806135438/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1992-10-25-ca-1095-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In 1989, she wrote the book ''The Bruce Lee Story.'' She retired in 2001 from the family estate.{{citation needed|date=July 2024}}

Lee died when his son Brandon was eight years old. While alive, Lee taught Brandon martial arts and would invite him to visit sets. This gave Brandon the desire to act and he went on to study the craft. As a young adult, Brandon Lee found some success acting in action-oriented pictures such as ''[[Legacy of Rage]]'' (1986), ''[[Showdown in Little Tokyo]]'' (1991), and [[Rapid Fire (1992 film)|''Rapid Fire'']] (1992). In 1993, at the age of 28, Brandon Lee died after being accidentally shot by a prop gun on the set of [[The Crow (1994 film)|''The Crow'']].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jensen |first=Erin |title=The tragic true story of how Brandon Lee died on 'The Crow' movie set in 1993 |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/entertainment/movies/2024/08/23/the-crow-1994-brandon-lee-death-explained/74858461007/ |access-date=2025-04-04 |website=USA TODAY |language=en-US}}</ref>

Lee died when his daughter Shannon was four. In her youth she studied [[Jeet Kune Do]] under [[Richard Bustillo]], one of her father's students; however, her serious studies did not begin until the late 1990s. To train for parts in action movies, she studied Jeet Kune Do with [[Ted Wong]].<ref name="BB1999">{{cite journal |last=Reid |first=Dr. Craig D. |year=1999 |title=Shannon Lee: Emerging From the Shadows of Bruce Lee, the Butterfly Spreads her Wings |journal=Black Belt |volume=37 |issue=10 |page=33}}</ref>