Editing Boeing 757 (section)

===Government, military, and corporate===
Government, military, and private customers have acquired the 757 for uses ranging from aeronautical testing and research to cargo and VIP transport. The 757-200, the most widely ordered version of the aircraft,<ref name="757_O_D_summ" /> has formed the basis for these applications. The first government operator of the 757 was the [[Mexican Air Force]], which took delivery of a VIP-configured 757-200 in November 1987.<ref name="b126">{{harvnb|Birtles|2001|p=126.}}</ref>

* Airborne Research Integrated Experiments System (ARIES) – A NASA platform for [[air safety]] and operational research, was created in 1999 using the second production 757.<ref name="aries">{{Cite web |date=December 1999 |title=ARIES: NASA's Flying Lab Takes Wing |url=http://www.nasa.gov/centers/langley/news/factsheets/757.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130506122453/http://www.nasa.gov/centers/langley/news/factsheets/757.html |archive-date=May 6, 2013 |access-date=March 25, 2012 |publisher=National Aeronautics and Space Administration}}</ref> The aircraft originally flew in the 757 flight test program before entering service with Eastern Air Lines.<ref name="aries" /> After NASA purchased the aircraft in 1994 to replace its 737-100 testbed,<ref name="b62" /><ref name="aries" /> it was initially used to evaluate a hybrid [[airfoil#Introduction|laminar flow]] control system, avionics systems for the proposed [[Northrop YF-23]] jet fighter, and the [[Boeing 777|777's]] fly-by-wire control system.<ref name="b62" /> Equipped with a flight deck research station, on-board laboratories, and two experimental flight decks,<ref name="aries" /> ARIES was used for evaluating weather information and landing approach systems, as well as runway friction tests.<ref name="aries" /> ARIES went into storage in 2006.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Adams |first=Denise |date=August 11, 2006 |title=State of the Center Updated at Town Meeting |url=http://www.nasa.gov/centers/langley/news/researchernews/rn_townhallmeeting_081106.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131124024122/http://www.nasa.gov/centers/langley/news/researchernews/rn_townhallmeeting_081106.html |archive-date=November 24, 2013 |access-date=April 6, 2012 |publisher=National Aeronautics and Space Administration}}</ref>

[[File:Boeing C-32A, United States - US Air Force (USAF) JP7581351.jpg|thumb|The [[Boeing C-32|C-32A]], a variant of the 757, is the usual air transportation for the [[Vice President of the United States]].]]
[[File:C32-B air to air UARRSI.jpg|thumb|The [[Boeing C-32#C-32B Gatekeeper|C-32B]] is the only 757 known to be able to conduct [[aerial refueling]].]]
* [[Boeing C-32|C-32]] – The [[United States Air Force]] operates six 757-200s under the designation C-32. Four are [[Very important person|VIP]]-configured C-32A variants, whose mission is primarily transport of the [[Vice President of the United States]], [[First Lady of the United States|First Lady]], and [[United States Secretary of State|Secretary of State]].<ref name="C-32">{{Cite web |title=Factsheets: C-32 |url=http://www.af.mil/information/factsheets/factsheet.asp?fsID=90 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090613094605/http://www.af.mil/information/factsheets/factsheet.asp?fsID=90 |archive-date=June 13, 2009 |access-date=July 3, 2015 |publisher=United States Air Force}}</ref> The C-32As are powered by the [[Pratt & Whitney PW2000]], and outfitted with a communication center, conference room, seating area, and private living quarters.<ref name="C-32" /> The USAF also operates two 45-seat [[Rolls-Royce RB211|Rolls-Royce]] powered 757-200 aircraft, designated C-32B Gatekeeper, which provides airlift to special operations units and global emergency response teams.<ref name="b62" /><ref>[https://www.nationalguard.mil/Leadership/Joint-Staff/Personal-Staff/Legislative-Liaison/Important-Documents/FileId/60892/ "Air National Guard 2014 Weapons System Modernization Priorities"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211130115013/https://www.nationalguard.mil/Leadership/Joint-Staff/Personal-Staff/Legislative-Liaison/Important-Documents/FileId/60892/ |date=November 30, 2021}}. ''[[United States Air National Guard]]''. 2014.</ref><ref>{{harvnb|United States General Accounting Office|2003|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=fxK_V93uXakC&pg=PA197 197].}}</ref> The C-32Bs are outfitted for any contingency, with an advanced communications suite, [[aerial refueling]] capabilities, extended fuel tanks, and an internal [[airstair]]. The C-32As are painted in the [[Raymond Loewy]]-designed blue and white livery used on most [[Special Air Mission]] aircraft,<ref name="C-32" /> while the C-32Bs are painted gloss white with minimal identification markings.<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 2007 |title=Midair Collision Avoidance Guide |url=https://www.jbmdl.jb.mil/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130313082701/http://www.jointbasemdl.af.mil/shared/media/document/AFD-071004-083.pdf |archive-date=March 13, 2013 |access-date=June 2, 2012 |publisher=305th and 514th Air Mobility Wings, McGuire Air Force Base |pages=5, 8, 12}}</ref><!-- <ref>{{Cite web |last=Heisterkamp |first=Eddie |date=May 24, 2011 |title=Boeing C-32B (757-23A) |url=http://www.airliners.net/photo/USA---Air/Boeing-C-32B-%28757-23A%29/1974720/&sid=739b68382ff75e8c7a585c335ea6446d |access-date=April 6, 2012 |publisher=Airliners.net}}</ref> --> The first C-32s were acquired in 1998 and replaced [[Boeing C-137 Stratoliner|C-137 Stratoliner]] transports.<ref name="b62" />

[[File:F-22 with 757 FTB near Edwards AFB.jpg|thumb|F-22s fly in formation with the Flying Test Bed]]
* F-22 Flying Testbed – The first 757 built was used in 1998 as a testbed for [[Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor]] avionics and sensor integration.<ref name="b28-56">{{harvnb|Birtles|2001|pp=28, 56.}}</ref> The Boeing-owned aircraft was fitted with a [[Canard (aeronautics)|canard]] above its cockpit to simulate the jet fighter's wing sensor layout, along with a forward F-22 fuselage section with radar and other systems, and a 30-seat laboratory with communication, [[electronic warfare]], identification, and navigation sensors.<ref name="b28-56" /><ref>{{harvnb|Pace|1999|pp=26–28.}}</ref>
* [[Krueger flap]] and Natural [[Laminar Flow]] Insect Mitigation Test Program – As part of their [[ecoDemonstrator]] program, Boeing commenced a series of test flights on March 17, 2015, with a modified Boeing 757, incorporating new wing-leading-edge sections and an actively blown vertical tail.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 23, 2015 |title=757 EcoDemo Focuses On Laminar And Active Flow |url=http://aviationweek.com/technology/757-ecodemo-focuses-laminar-and-active-flow?NL=AW-19&Issue=AW-19_20150323_AW-19_254&sfvc4enews=42&cl=article_6 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171002171348/http://aviationweek.com/technology/757-ecodemo-focuses-laminar-and-active-flow?NL=AW-19&Issue=AW-19_20150323_AW-19_254&sfvc4enews=42&cl=article_6 |archive-date=October 2, 2017 |access-date=March 23, 2015 |website=Aviation Week}}</ref> The left wing was modified to include a 6.7 m-span glove section supporting a variable-camber Krueger flap to be deployed during landing which protrudes just ahead of the leading edge. Although Krueger flaps have been tried before as insect-mitigation screens, previous designs caused additional drag; the newer design is variable-camber and designed to retract as seamlessly as possible into the lower wing surface. Increasing the use of natural laminar flow (NLF) on an aircraft wing has the potential to improve fuel burn by as much as 15%, but even small contaminants from insect remains will trip the flow from laminar to turbulent, destroying the performance benefit. The test flights have been supported by the European airline group [[TUI AG]] and conducted jointly with [[NASA]] as part of the agency's Environmentally Responsible Aviation (ERA) program. While the left wing tests the Krueger flaps, the right wing is being used to test coatings that prevent insects from adhering to the wing.<ref>Norris, Guy, Bug smasher, Aviation Week & Space Technology, March 30 – April 12, 2015, p.37</ref>
* Active Flow Control System – On one aircraft Boeing has mounted 31 active flow jets mounted ahead of the rudder's leading edge. They receive air from the [[Auxiliary Power Unit]] (APU). Their purpose is to recover air flow that has separated from the rudder and redirect it to the rudder so that the rudder regains effectiveness, even at high deflection angles. The air exiting the APU is very hot, at {{convert|380|F|C}}, and is cooled by a heat exchanger mounted under the aft fuselage, which is connected to the ducts running along the front and back of the stabilizer's spars. This ensures an even air supply at all times.<ref>Norris, Guy, Bug Smasher, Aviation Week & Space Technology, March 30 – April 12, 2015, p.37</ref>

[[File:Air Force Boeing 757 in Pegasus Field Antarctica.jpg|thumb|In 2009, the [[Royal New Zealand Air Force]] flew one of its 757 Combis to [[Antarctica]] for the first time.|alt=Gray twinjet stationary on ice, with aft stairs and surrounding personnel.]]
* Royal New Zealand Air Force 757 Combi – The [[Royal New Zealand Air Force]] (RNZAF) operates two 757s converted to 757-200M standard by ST Aerospace Services for delivering equipment, [[medical evacuation]], troop movements, and VIP transport.<ref name="rnzaf">{{Cite web |title=RNZAF – Boeing 757 |url=http://www.airforce.mil.nz/projects/boeing757.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110807033016/http://www.airforce.mil.nz/projects/boeing757.htm |archive-date=August 7, 2011 |access-date=July 21, 2011 |publisher=Royal New Zealand Air Force}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Smith |first=Anneke |date=June 21, 2024 |title=Inside the Defence Force's 757 planes: Breaking down the details |url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/political/520146/inside-the-defence-force-s-757-planes-breaking-down-the-details |access-date=June 21, 2024 |publisher=[[RNZ]] }}</ref> A cargo door, upgraded auxiliary power unit, enhanced communications systems, and retractable [[airstair]]s are fitted.<ref name="rnzaf" /> The two aircraft, which replaced two 727-100QCs,<ref name="rnzaf" /> have carried the [[Prime Minister of New Zealand]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Field |first=Michael |date=July 8, 2011 |title=Air force plane struck by lightning |url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/auckland/local-news/5254580/Air-force-plane-struck-by-lightning |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110907195958/http://www.stuff.co.nz/auckland/local-news/5254580/Air-force-plane-struck-by-lightning |archive-date=September 7, 2011 |access-date=April 6, 2012 |website=Fairfax News}}</ref> and flown to the ice-covered [[Pegasus Field]] near New Zealand's [[Scott Base]] in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Field |first=Michael |date=December 17, 2009 |title=RNZAF jet lands on ice |url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/national/3172050/RNZAF-jet-lands-on-ice |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928233622/http://www.stuff.co.nz/national/3172050/RNZAF-jet-lands-on-ice |archive-date=September 28, 2013 |access-date=April 6, 2012 |website=Fairfax News}}</ref>
* VIP transport – The 757-200 serves as VIP transports for the [[President of Argentina]] under the [[Agrupación Aérea Presidencial|Presidential Air Group]] serial ''[[Tango 01]]''<ref name="tango01">{{Cite web |last=Braslavsky |first=Guido |date=April 20, 2009 |title=El avión de Cristina se averió y tuvo que aterrizar en Caracas |url=http://edant.clarin.com/diario/2009/04/20/elpais/p-01901542.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120614033304/http://edant.clarin.com/diario/2009/04/20/elpais/p-01901542.htm |archive-date=June 14, 2012 |access-date=August 13, 2011 |website=El País |language=es}}</ref> and for the [[President of Mexico]] under the Mexican Air Force call sign TP01 or ''Transporte Presidencial 1''.<ref name="tp01">{{Cite web |last=Guevera |first=Íñigo |year=2009 |title=Defensa Nacional – Ejército, Fuerza Aérea y Marina |url=http://www.seguridadcondemocracia.org/atlas_2009/defensa_nacional_ejercito_fuerza_aerea_y_marina_13.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120328012323/http://www.seguridadcondemocracia.org/atlas_2009/defensa_nacional_ejercito_fuerza_aerea_y_marina_13.pdf |archive-date=March 28, 2012 |access-date=July 3, 2015 |publisher=Seguridad con Democracia |page=304 |language=es}}</ref> A [[Royal Brunei Airlines]] 757-200 was used by the [[Sultan of Brunei]] in the 1980s before being sold to the [[Government of Kazakhstan]] in 1995.<ref>{{harvnb|Birtles|2001|p=52.}}</ref> The [[House of Saud|royal family of Saudi Arabia]] uses a 757-200 as a flying hospital.<ref name="hz-hmed">{{Cite web |title=Airline profile: Saudi Arabian |url=http://www.aviamagazine.com/factsheets/airlineprofile/saudiarabian/index.aspx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190101194008/https://www.aviamagazine.com/factsheets/airlineprofile/saudiarabian/index.aspx |archive-date=January 1, 2019 |access-date=July 21, 2011 |website=Avia Magazine}}</ref> [[Microsoft]] co-founder [[Paul Allen]] used a private 757 from 2005 until 2011; the aircraft was then sold to [[Donald Trump]] and became known as "[[Trump Force One]]" during his [[2016 United States presidential election|2016 U.S. presidential campaign]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Check out 'Trump Force One' — Donald Trump's personal Boeing airliner |url=http://www.businessinsider.com/donald-trumps-boeing-757-airliner-2015-7/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170106071716/http://www.businessinsider.com/donald-trumps-boeing-757-airliner-2015-7 |archive-date=January 6, 2017 |access-date=January 16, 2017 |work=Business Insider}}</ref>
* Excalibur – A testbed for the British [[BAE Systems Tempest]]'s avionics and sensors. The aircraft is to be converted from a civilian airliner by [[Leonardo UK]] and [[2Excel]].<ref name="Excalibur">{{Cite news |last=Robinson |first=Tim |date=September 17, 2021 |title=Defence back on show - DSEI 2021 report |url=https://www.aerosociety.com/news/defence-back-on-show-dsei-2021-report/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210917091901/https://www.aerosociety.com/news/defence-back-on-show-dsei-2021-report/ |archive-date=September 17, 2021 |access-date=September 17, 2021 |agency=[[Royal Aeronautical Society]]}}</ref>