Editing Benzodiazepine (section)

==== Infections ====
Some observational studies have detected significant associations between benzodiazepines and respiratory infections such as pneumonia<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Nakafero G, Sanders RD, Nguyen-Van-Tam JS, Myles PR | title = The association between benzodiazepines and influenza-like illness-related pneumonia and mortality: a survival analysis using UK Primary Care data | journal = Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety | volume = 25 | issue = 11 | pages = 1263–1273 | date = November 2016 | pmid = 27215827 | doi = 10.1002/pds.4028 | s2cid = 24289824 | url = http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/34139/1/Nakafero_et_al-2016-Pharmacoepidemiology_and_Drug_Safety.pdf | access-date = 13 July 2019 | archive-date = 22 July 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180722195105/http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/34139/1/Nakafero_et_al-2016-Pharmacoepidemiology_and_Drug_Safety.pdf | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Obiora E, Hubbard R, Sanders RD, Myles PR | title = The impact of benzodiazepines on occurrence of pneumonia and mortality from pneumonia: a nested case-control and survival analysis in a population-based cohort | journal = Thorax | volume = 68 | issue = 2 | pages = 163–170 | date = February 2013 | pmid = 23220867 | doi = 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2012-202374 | s2cid = 7021626 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref> where others have not.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Dublin S, Walker RL, Jackson ML, Nelson JC, Weiss NS, Von Korff M, Jackson LA | title = Use of opioids or benzodiazepines and risk of pneumonia in older adults: a population-based case-control study | journal = Journal of the American Geriatrics Society | volume = 59 | issue = 10 | pages = 1899–1907 | date = October 2011 | pmid = 22091503 | doi = 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2011.03586.x | pmc=3223721}}</ref> A large meta-analysis of pre-marketing randomized controlled trials on the pharmacologically related Z-Drugs suggest a small increase in infection risk as well.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Joya FL, Kripke DF, Loving RT, Dawson A, Kline LE | title = Meta-analyses of hypnotics and infections: eszopiclone, ramelteon, zaleplon, and zolpidem | journal = Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine | volume = 5 | issue = 4 | pages = 377–383 | date = August 2009 | pmid = 19968019 | pmc = 2725260 | doi = 10.5664/jcsm.27552 }}</ref> An immunodeficiency effect from the action of benzodiazepines on GABA-A receptors has been postulated from animal studies.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Sanders RD, Godlee A, Fujimori T, Goulding J, Xin G, Salek-Ardakani S, Snelgrove RJ, Ma D, Maze M, Hussell T | title = Benzodiazepine augmented γ-amino-butyric acid signaling increases mortality from pneumonia in mice | journal = Critical Care Medicine | volume = 41 | issue = 7 | pages = 1627–1636 | date = July 2013 | pmid = 23478657 | doi = 10.1097/ccm.0b013e31827c0c8d | pmc=5774585}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Galdiero F, Bentivoglio C, Nuzzo I, Ianniello R, Capasso C, Mattera S, Nazzaro C, Galdiero M, Romano Carratelli C | title = Effects of benzodiazepines on immunodeficiency and resistance in mice | journal = Life Sciences | volume = 57 | issue = 26 | pages = 2413–2423 | date = November 1995 | pmid = 8847962 | doi = 10.1016/0024-3205(95)02199-0 }}</ref>