Editing Beetle (section)

===Specialized organs===
Different glands are specialized for different pheromones to attract mates. Pheromones from species of [[Rutelinae]] are produced from [[epithelial cell]]s lining the inner surface of the apical abdominal segments; amino acid-based pheromones of [[Melolonthinae]] are produced from eversible glands on the abdominal apex. Other species produce different types of pheromones. [[Dermestid]]s produce [[ester]]s, and species of [[Elateridae]] produce [[aldehyde|fatty acid-derived aldehyde]]s and [[acetate]]s.<ref name=insenc/> To attract a mate, fireflies ([[Lampyridae]]) use modified fat body cells with transparent surfaces backed with reflective uric acid crystals to produce light by [[bioluminescence]]. Light production is highly efficient, by oxidation of [[Firefly luciferin|luciferin]] catalyzed by enzymes ([[luciferase]]s) in the presence of [[adenosine triphosphate]] (ATP) and oxygen, producing [[oxyluciferin]], carbon dioxide, and light.<ref name=insenc/>

[[Tympanal organ]]s or hearing organs consist of a membrane (tympanum) stretched across a frame backed by an air sac and associated sensory neurons, are found in two families.<ref name="Scoble">{{cite book |author=Scoble, M. J. |title=The Lepidoptera: Form, function, and diversity |url=https://archive.org/details/lepidopteraformf0000scob |url-access=registration |year=1992 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-1-4020-6242-1}}</ref> Several species of the genus ''[[Cicindela]]'' (Carabidae) have hearing organs on the dorsal surfaces of their first abdominal segments beneath the wings; two tribes in the [[Dynastinae]] (within the [[Scarabaeidae]]) have hearing organs just beneath their pronotal shields or neck membranes. Both families are sensitive to ultrasonic frequencies, with strong evidence indicating they function to detect the presence of bats by their ultrasonic echolocation.<ref name=insenc/>