Editing Bashkirs (section)

==Culture==
[[File:Holiday Bashkir national costume 52.jpg|thumb|200px|Bashkirs in traditional clothing, [[Ufa]], 2016]]
[[File:Baschkirisches Stickmuster Swastika Linksdrehung.jpg|thumb|200px|Bashkir embroidery pattern]]
[[File:Mosque in the Bashkir village Yakhino (1910).jpg|thumb|200px|The mosque in the Bashkir village of Yahya. Photo by S.M. [[Prokudin-Gorskii]], 1910]]

The Bashkirs traditionally practiced agriculture, cattle-rearing and bee-keeping. The half-nomadic Bashkirs travelled through either the mountains or the steppes, herding cattle. Wild-hive beekeeping is another attested tradition, which is practiced in the same [[Burzyansky District]] near the [[Kapova Cave]].<ref name=":0" />

Traditional Bashkir dish [[Beşbarmaq|bishbarmaq]] is prepared from boiled meat and halma (a type of noodle), sprinkled with herbs and flavored with onions and some [[:wikt:ҡорот|{{lang|ba-Latn|qorot|nocat=yes}}]] (young dry cheese). Dairy is another notable feature of the [[Bashkir cuisine]]: dishes are often served with dairy products, and few celebrations occur without the serving of {{lang|ba-Latn|qorot}} or [[:wikt:ҡаймаҡ|{{lang|ba-Latn|qaymaq|nocat=yes}}]] (sour cream).

===Epic poems and mythology===
The Bashkirs have a rich [[folklore]] referencing the genesis and early history of the people. Through the works of their [[Oral tradition|oral folk art]], the views of ancient Bashkirs on [[nature]], their wisdom, psychology, and moral ideals are preserved. The genre composition of the Bashkir oral tradition is diverse: [[Epic poetry|epic and fairy tales]], [[legend]]s and traditions, riddles, songs (ritual, epic or lyrical), etc.

The Bashkir poems, like the epic creations of other peoples, find origin in the ancient [[Turkic mythology]], in fact the Bashkir epic tale culture can be considered a more developed and expanded version of old Turkic epic culture. Majority of the poems of Bashkir mythology have been written down and published as books at the beginning of the 20th century, these poems compose a great part of the literature of the Bashkir people and are important examples of further-developed Turkic culture.

Some of these poems became important on a continental level, for example the epic poem the "[[Ural-batyr|Ural Batyr]]", which tells the tale of the legendary hero Ural, is the origin of the name of the [[Ural Mountains|Ural mountains]]. Other poems constitute a great part of the Bashkir national identity, other tales apart from the Ural Batyr include "[[Akbuzat|Aqbuzat]]", "{{lang|ba-Latn|Qara yurga}}", "{{lang|ba-Latn|Aqhaq qola}}", "{{lang|ba-Latn|Kongur buga}}", and "{{lang|ba-Latn|Uzaq Tuzaq}}".

===The Ural-Batyr and its impact===
The poem ''[[Ural-batyr|Ural Batyr]]'' is an epic which includes deities of the [[Tengrist]] pantheon. It takes basis on the pre-Islamic Bashkir conception of the world. In the ''Ural Batyr'' the world is three-tiered. It includes a heavenly, earthly and underworld (underwater) trinity: in the sky, the heavenly king Samrau resides, his wives are the Sun and the Moon, he has two daughters, Umay and Aikhylu, who are incarnated either in the form of birds or beautiful girls. In the ''Ural Batyr'', Umay is incarnated into a [[swan]] and later assumes the aspect of a beautiful girl as the story proceeds.

People live on the earth, the best of whom pledge honor and respect to the existence of nature. The third world is the underground world, where the ''Devas'' (also singular ''Deva'' or ''Div'') live, incarnated as a snake, the incarnation of the dark forces, who live underground. Through the actions and divisions of the world related in the Ural Batyr, the Bashkirs express a manichaean view of [[good and evil]]. The legendary hero Ural, possessing titanic power, overcoming incredible difficulties, destroys the ''deva'', and obtains "living water" (the idea of water in nature, in the pre-Islamic Bashkir pantheon of the [[Turkic mythology]], is considered a spirit of life).

Ural thus obtains the "living water" in order to defeat death in the name of the eternal existence of man and nature. Ural does not drink the "living water" to live eternally. Instead, he decides to sparkle it around himself, to die and donate eternity to the world, the withered earth turning green. Ural dies and from his body emerge the [[Ural Mountains]]; the name of the Ural mountain range comes from this poem.

===Music===
{{Further|topic=the folk song|Beiesh|Irandyk}}

The Bashkirs have a style of overtone singing called ''{{lang|ba-Latn|özläü}}'' (sometimes spelled ''{{lang|ba-Latn|uzlyau}}''; [[Bashkir language|Bashkort]] '''{{lang|ba|Өзләү}}'''), which has nearly died out. In addition, Bashkorts also sing ''{{lang|ba-Latn|uzlyau}}'' while playing the [[Kurai (flute)|kurai]], a national instrument. This technique of vocalizing into a [[flute]] can also be found in [[folk music]] as far west as the [[Balkans]] and [[Hungary]].

===Mentality===
The Bashkirs give rise to the following essential characteristics of the Bashkir mentality: philosophical, poetic thinking, hospitality and courage, serenity, simplicity, modesty, tolerance, pride, a keen sense of justice and competitiveness. The fundamental value of the Bashkir mentality is humanism, it is this idea that runs through the entire axis of the culture of the people.{{Citation needed|date=November 2023}}