Editing Barnacle (section)

== Relationship with humans ==

=== Biofouling ===

{{main|Biofouling}}

Barnacles are of economic consequence, as they often attach themselves to man-made structures. Particularly in the case of ships, they are classified as [[Biofouling|fouling]] organisms. The number and size of barnacles that cover ships can impair their efficiency by causing [[hydrodynamics|hydrodynamic]] [[Drag (physics)|drag]].<ref name="Holm 2012">{{cite journal |last=Holm |first=E. R. |title=Barnacles and Biofouling |journal=[[Integrative and Comparative Biology]] |volume=52 |issue=3 |date=2012-09-01 |doi=10.1093/icb/ics042 |pages=348–355 |pmid=22508866 }}</ref>

<gallery class="center" mode="nolines" widths=220 heights=220>
File:Havstulpan.jpg|Barnacles on a boat [[propeller]]
File:Barnacles on a Ship.jpg|Barnacles on a ship. The resulting [[biofouling]] creates drag, slowing the ship and reducing its fuel efficiency.<ref name="Holm 2012"/>
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=== As food ===

The flesh of some barnacles is routinely consumed by humans, including Japanese goose barnacles (''e.g.'' ''[[Capitulum mitella]]''), and [[goose barnacle]]s (''e.g.'' ''[[Pollicipes pollicipes]]'') are a delicacy in [[Spain]] and [[Portugal]] as well.<ref name="Molares">{{cite journal |last1=Molares |first1=José |last2=Freire |first2=Juan |title=Development and perspectives for community-based management of the goose barnacle (Pollicipes pollicipes) fisheries in Galicia (NW Spain) |journal=[[Fisheries Research]] |date=December 2003 |volume=65 |issue=1–3 |pages=485–492 |doi=10.1016/j.fishres.2003.09.034 |hdl=2183/90 |url=http://ruc.udc.es/dspace/bitstream/2183/90/1/Community_based_management_barnacle_fisheries%2520%28Fish%2520Res%25202003%29.pdf |hdl-access=free }}</ref> The Chilean giant barnacle ''[[Austromegabalanus psittacus]]'' is fished, or overfished, in commercial quantities on the Chilean coast, where it is known as the {{lang|es|picoroco}}.<ref name="Pitombo Pappalardo Wares Haye 2016 pp. 180–188">{{cite journal |last1=Pitombo |first1=Fabio B. |last2=Pappalardo |first2=Paula |last3=Wares |first3=John P. |last4=Haye |first4=Pilar A. |title=A rose by any other name: systematics and diversity in the Chilean giant barnacle Austromegabalanus psittacus (Molina, 1782) (Cirripedia) |journal=[[Journal of Crustacean Biology]] |volume=36 |issue=2 |date=2016-02-23 |doi=10.1163/1937240X-00002403 |pages=180–188}}</ref>

=== Technological applications ===

[[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|MIT]] researchers have developed an adhesive inspired by the protein-based bioglue produced by barnacles to firmly attach to rocks. The adhesive can form a tight seal to halt [[bleeding]] within about 15 seconds of application.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Yuk |first1=Hyunwoo |last2=Wu |first2=Jingjing |last3=Sarrafian |first3=Tiffany L. |last4=Mao |first4=Xinyu |last5=Varela |first5=Claudia E. |last6=Roche |first6=Ellen T. |last7=Griffiths |first7=Leigh G. |last8=Nabzdyk |first8=Christoph S. |last9=Zhao |first9=Xuanhe |display-authors=6 |title=Rapid and coagulation-independent haemostatic sealing by a paste inspired by barnacle glue |journal=Nature Biomedical Engineering |volume=5 |issue=10 |date=2021-08-09 |issn=2157-846X |pmid=34373600 |pmc=9254891 |doi=10.1038/s41551-021-00769-y |pages=1131–1142}}</ref>

The stable [[isotope]] signals in the layers of barnacle shells can potentially be used as a forensic tracking method<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Pearson |first1=Ryan M. |last2=van de Merwe |first2=Jason P. |last3=Gagan |first3=Michael K. |last4=Connolly |first4=Rod M. |date=2020 |title=Unique Post-telemetry Recapture Enables Development of Multi-Element Isoscapes From Barnacle Shell for Retracing Host Movement |journal=Frontiers in Marine Science |volume=7 |doi=10.3389/fmars.2020.00596 |issn=2296-7745 |doi-access=free |hdl=10072/395516 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> for [[whale]]s, [[loggerhead turtle]]s<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Pearson |first1=Ryan M. |last2=van de Merwe |first2=Jason P. |last3=Gagan |first3=Michael K. |last4=Limpus |first4=Colin J. |last5=Connolly |first5=Rod M. |title=Distinguishing between sea turtle foraging areas using stable isotopes from commensal barnacle shells |journal=Scientific Reports |date=25 April 2019 |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=6565 |doi=10.1038/s41598-019-42983-4 |pmid=31024029 |pmc=6483986 |bibcode=2019NatSR...9.6565P }}</ref> and for [[marine debris]], such as [[shipwreck]]s or aircraft wreckage.<ref>{{cite web |title=Can Barnacles unlock the secrets of MH370 and Turtle migration? |url=https://stem.griffith.edu.au/barnacles/ |website=Griffith Sciences Impact |date=3 August 2015 |access-date=15 July 2019 |archive-date=15 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190715125134/https://stem.griffith.edu.au/barnacles/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Pandey |first1=Swati |title=Barnacles on debris could provide clues to missing MH370: experts |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-malaysia-airlines-crash-barnacles/barnacles-on-debris-could-provide-clues-to-missing-mh370-experts-idUSKCN0Q80PY20150803 |work=Reuters |date=3 August 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Pearson |first1=Ryan M. |last2=van de Merwe |first2=Jason P. |last3=Connolly |first3=Rod M. |title=Global oxygen isoscapes for barnacle shells: Application for tracing movement in oceans |journal=Science of the Total Environment |volume=705 |pages=135782 |doi=10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135782 |pmid=31787294 |year=2020 |bibcode=2020ScTEn.70535782P |s2cid=208536416}}</ref>

=== In culture ===

{{further|Barnacle goose myth}}

One version of the [[barnacle goose]] myth is that the birds emerge fully formed from goose barnacles.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://sercblog.si.edu/science-superstition-and-the-goose-barnacle/ |title=Science, Superstition and the Goose Barnacle |first=Kristen |last=Minogue |date=29 January 2013 |publisher=[[Smithsonian Environmental Research Center]] |access-date=16 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=van der Lugt |first=M. |year=2000 |title=Animal légendaire et discours savant médiéval. La barnacle dans tous ses états |language=French |trans-title=Legendary animal and medieval learned discourse: the barnacle in all its states |journal=Micrologus |volume=8 |pages=351–393 |url=https://shs.hal.science/halshs-00175458/file/vanderLugt-BARNACLE.pdf}}</ref> The myth, with variants such as that the goose barnacles grow on trees<!--henceBotanic Garden interest in the tale-->, owes its longstanding popularity to ignorance of [[bird migration]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Kenicer |first=G. J. |year=2020 |title=Plant Magic |location=Edinburgh |publisher=[[Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh]] |pages=150–151}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Mayntz |first=M. |year=2020 |title=Migration: Exploring the Remarkable Journeys of Birds |location=London |publisher=Quadrille |pages=110–111}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Lappo |first1=E. G. |last2=Popovkina |first2=A. B. |last3=Mooij |first3=J. H. |year=2019 |title=About geese growing on trees: the Medieval interpretation of the Barnacle and Brent goose origin |journal=Goose Bulletin |issue=24 |pages=8–21 |url=https://cms.geese.org/sites/default/files/Goose%20Bulletin24.pdf}}</ref> The myth survived to modern times through [[Bestiary|bestiaries]].<ref>{{cite journal |last=Sprouse |first=S. J. |year=2015 |title=The Associative Branches of the Irish Barnacle: Gerald of Wales and the Natural World |journal=Hortulus |volume=11 |issue=2}}</ref>

More recently, Barnacle Bill became a "comic folktype"<ref name="Bronner 2019"/> of a seaman, with [[Barnacle Bill the Sailor|a drinking song]]<ref name="Bronner 2019">{{cite book |last=Bronner |first=Simon J. |title=The Practice of Folklore |chapter=“Who’s That Knocking at My Door?”: Barnacle Bill Again and Again |publisher=University Press of Mississippi |date=2019-08-15 |isbn=978-1-4968-2262-8 |doi=10.14325/mississippi/9781496822628.003.0007 |pages=152–198|s2cid=212949243 }}</ref> and several films ([[Barnacle Bill (1930 film)|a 1930 animated short with Betty Boop]],<ref>{{cite book |last=Lenburg |first=Jeff |title=The Encyclopedia of Animated Cartoons |date=1999 |publisher=Checkmark Books |isbn=0-8160-3831-7 |page=142}}</ref> [[Barnacle Bill (1935 film)|a 1935 British drama]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Barnacle Bill (1935) |url=http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/143535 |publisher=BFI |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090116104139/http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/143535 |access-date=18 February 2024|archive-date=2009-01-16 }}</ref> a [[Barnacle Bill (1941 film)|1941 feature with Wallace Beery]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Barnacle Bill (1941) |url=https://www.allmovie.com/movie/barnacle-bill-vm473797 |website=AllMovie |access-date=18 February 2024}}</ref> and [[Barnacle Bill (1957 film)|a 1957 Ealing comedy]]<ref name="BFIsearch">{{Cite web |title=Barnacle Bill |url=https://collections-search.bfi.org.uk/web/Details/ChoiceFilmWorks/150025183 |access-date=4 February 2024 |website=British Film Institute Collections Search}}</ref>) named after him.

The political reformer [[John W. Gardner]] likened middle managers who settle into a comfortable position and "have stopped learning or growing" to the barnacle, who "is confronted with an existential decision about where it's going to live. Once it decides... it spends the rest of its life with its head cemented to a rock".<ref name="Gardner 1990">{{cite web |last=Gardner |first=John W. |author-link=John W. Gardner |title=John Gardner's writings: "Personal Renewal" |url=https://www.pbs.org/johngardner/sections/writings_speech_1.html |publisher=PBS |access-date=19 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20011105005848/https://www.pbs.org/johngardner/sections/writings_speech_1.html |archive-date=5 November 2001 |date=10 November 1990 |quote=Delivered to McKinsey & Company, Phoenix, AZ November 10, 1990}}</ref>

<gallery class="center" mode="nolines" widths=220 heights=220>
File:Percebes.iguaria.jpg|A dish of [[goose barnacle]]s in a restaurant in Spain 
File:The "Barnacle Geese" being born then swimming away. Wellcome M0005645.jpg|[[Barnacle goose|Barnacle geese]] being "born" from {{lang|la|conchae anatiferae}} (goose-bearing shells) by the sea, then swimming away. [[Ulisse Aldrovandi]], 16th century 
File:Wallace Beery in Barnacle Bill (1941).png|[[Wallace Beery]] as the title character in ''[[Barnacle Bill (1941 film)|Barnacle Bill (1941)]]''
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