Editing Auschwitz concentration camp (section)

===Medical experiments, block 10===
{{Main|Block 10|Nazi human experimentation}}
<!--Unsourced:[[File:Menachem taffel.jpg|thumb|Cadaver of Berlin dairy merchant Menachem Taffel. He was deported to Auschwitz in March 1943 along with his wife and child, who were gassed on arrival. He was chosen to be an anatomical specimen. He was shipped to [[Natzweiler-Struthof]] and murdered in the gas chamber in August 1943.]]-->
[[File:Auschwitz Mengele Block 10.jpg|thumb|left|[[Block 10]], Auschwitz I, where medical experiments were performed on women]]
German doctors performed a variety of experiments on prisoners at Auschwitz. SS doctors tested the efficacy of [[X-rays]] as a [[forced sterilization|sterilization]] device by administering large doses to female prisoners. [[Carl Clauberg]] injected chemicals into women's [[uterus]]es in an effort to glue them shut. Prisoners were infected with spotted fever for vaccination research and exposed to toxic substances to study the effects.{{sfn|Steinbacher|2005|pp=114–115}} In one experiment, [[Bayer]]—then part of [[IG Farben]]—paid RM 150 each for 150 female inmates from Auschwitz (the camp had asked for RM 200 per woman), who were transferred to a Bayer facility to test an anesthetic. A Bayer employee wrote to Rudolf Höss: "The transport of 150 women arrived in good condition. However, we were unable to obtain conclusive results because they died during the experiments. We would kindly request that you send us another group of women to the same number and at the same price." The Bayer research was led at Auschwitz by [[Helmuth Vetter]] of Bayer/IG Farben, who was also an Auschwitz physician and SS captain, and by Auschwitz physicians [[Friedrich Entress]] and [[Eduard Wirths]].{{sfn|Strzelecka|2000d|p=362}}

[[File:Doctors' trial, Nuremberg, 1946–1947.jpg|thumb|Defendants during the [[Doctors' trial]], Nuremberg, 1946–1947]]
The most infamous doctor at Auschwitz was [[Josef Mengele]], the "Angel of Death", who worked in Auschwitz II from 30 May 1943, at first in the [[#Gypsy family camp|gypsy family camp]].<ref name="Kubica 1998 319">{{harvnb|Kubica|1998|p=319}}; {{harvnb|Czech|2000|p=178}}.</ref> Interested in performing research on [[identical twins]], [[Dwarfism|dwarfs]], and those with hereditary disease, Mengele set up a kindergarten in barracks 29 and 31 for children he was experimenting on, and for all Romani children under six, where they were given better food rations.{{sfn|Kubica|1998|pp=320–323}} From May 1944, he would select twins and dwarfs from among the new arrivals during "selection",{{sfn|Kubica|1998|p=325}} reportedly calling for twins with "''Zwillinge heraus!''" ("twins step forward!").{{sfn|Friedländer|2007|p=505}} He and other doctors (the latter prisoners) would measure the twins' body parts, photograph them, and subject them to dental, sight and hearing tests, x-rays, blood tests, surgery, and blood transfusions between them.{{sfn|Kubica|1998|pp=323–324}} Then he would have them killed and dissected.{{sfn|Kubica|1998|p=325}} [[Kurt Heissmeyer]], another German doctor and SS officer, took 20 Polish Jewish children from Auschwitz to use in [[Pseudoscience|pseudoscientific]] experiments at the [[Neuengamme concentration camp]] near Hamburg, where he injected them with the [[tuberculosis]] [[bacilli]] to test a cure for tuberculosis. In April 1945, the children were murdered by hanging to conceal the project.{{sfn|Kater|2000|pp=124–125}}

A [[Jewish skeleton collection]] was obtained from among a pool of 115 Jewish inmates, chosen for their perceived stereotypical racial characteristics. [[Rudolf Brandt]] and [[Wolfram Sievers]], general manager of the ''[[Ahnenerbe]]'' (a Nazi research institute), delivered the skeletons to the collection of the Anatomy Institute at the [[Reichsuniversität Straßburg]] in [[Alsace-Lorraine]]. The collection was sanctioned by [[Heinrich Himmler]] and under the direction of [[August Hirt]]. Ultimately 87 of the inmates were shipped to [[Natzweiler-Struthof]] and murdered in August 1943.{{sfn|Spitz|2005|pp=232–234}}<!--replace source--> Brandt and Sievers were executed in 1948 after being convicted during the [[Doctors' trial]], part of the [[Subsequent Nuremberg trials]].{{sfn|Mehring|2015|pp=161–163}}